HKCEE Paper I running answer text

1995 Physics

Answer Marks Remarks

1. *(a) When the objects travels from A to B (or A to D), some of its
potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and some is used to
do work against friction. When the object travels from B to C,
some of its kinetic energy is converted back into potential energy
and some is used to do work against friction. (or is changed to 3A
heat or sound.) 1C Effective
communication
(b) (i) Kinetic energy =½ mv2
= ½ ( 0 .1 ) ( 3 ) 2
= 0.45 J 1A
(ii) Potential Energy = m g h
= 0 .1 ( 10 ) ( 0 . 5 )
= 0.5 J 1A
(iii) K.E + P.E at C = K.E at D +W.D against friction
0.45 + 0.5 = 0.5 (0.1) (4)2 + W.D
W.D = 0.15 J 2M+1A
(c) (i) 2A
Displaceme

Time
0

(ii) Time between two dots = 0.2 s

v−u
a =
t
0.68 0.76
−
= 0.2 0.2
0.2
= −2ms −2
1A+2M
Therefore, deceleration is 2 ms-2 1A

1995-CE-PHY I-1 1
HKCEE Paper I running answer text
1995 Physics

Answer Marks Remarks

2. (a) (i) (1) Momentum of P before collision
m v = 0.5 ×10 = 5 kg m s – 1 1A

(2) Change in momentum of P

= m v - mu 1M
= 0.5 ( - 6 ) - 0.5 ( 10 )
= - 8 kg m s – 1 1A
(3) Time of contact = 0.1 s 1A

(4) Average force acting on P

= Change in momentum / time 1M
= - 8 / 0.
= - 80 N 1A
(ii) The average force acting on Q is equal to that acting on P.
According to Newton’s third law, the two forces are action and
reaction pairs, they are equal in magnitude but in opposite 2 A
directions.

*(iii) Momentum must be conserved because there is no external force 2 A

acting on P and Q during the collision.
However kinetic energy may or may not be conserved. It depends 1 A
on whether the collision is elastic or not. 1A
1C For effective
communication
(b) If the car is made of very strong material, it will be brought to a
rest in a short time during a collision. A large force acts on the 1A
passengers which may cause serious injuries. 1A

1995-CE-PHY I-2 2
HKCEE Paper I running answer text
1995 Physics

Answer Marks Remarks

3. (a) (i) Properties of the boy’s image as formed by the mirror: 2A Any three
* virtual
* erect
* same size as the object (boy)
* laterally inverted
* distance of the image from the mirror = object distance

(ii)

P’ P 1A Image height
X
1A Image position
E

1.5 m

Q’ Q

(1) P’Q’is the image of the boy formed by the mirror. 1 A + 1 A Two correct rays
(2) PXE and QYE are the rays reach his eyes.
(iii) From the above diagram, minimum length of the mirror
= distance between points X and Y 1M
= 1.5 ÷ 2
= 0 . 75 m 1A
(iv) From the following diagram, the minimum length of the mirror 1A
required remains unchanged, so the boy can still see all of himself.

P’ P 1 A + 1 A Two correct rays

X
E

1.5 m

Q’ Q

(b) (i) Concave mirror cannot be used because 1A

an inverted image may sometimes be formed. 1A
(ii) The field of view of convex driving mirrors is wide. 1A
The images produced by plane driving mirrors are of the same size
as the object. It is easier for drivers to judge distances in using 1A
plane driving mirrors.

1995-CE-PHY I-3 3
HKCEE Paper I running answer text
1995 Physics

Answer Marks Remarks

4. (a) (i) Interference of microwaves from A and B occurs. 1A
The reading reaches a maximum at positions of constructive
interference and a minimum at positions of destructive 1A
interference.
(ii) Constructive interference occurs at P. 1A

(iii) λ = 36 - 33 = 3 cm 1M
1A
v = f λ 1M
f = ( 3 × 10 8 ) / ( 3 × 10 - 2
) = 1 × 10 10 Hz 1 A
(iv)
Meter reading

2A

X Z
Position of receiver

The interference is (always) constructive along XZ, so the reading 1 A

is always at a maximum. However the intensity of the waves
decreases with distance, so the reading decreases as the probe 1A
moves away from X.
(b) (i) To reflect the microwaves collected to the signal receiver. 1A
(ii) It should be placed at the focus of the dish. 1A
(iii) The applications of microwaves: 1 A + 1 A Any two
* Microwave oven / cooking
* Radar/ speed detector
* Telecommunication/ pager / phone
* Weapon detector

1995-CE-PHY I-4 4
HKCEE Paper I running answer text
1995 Physics

Answer Marks Remarks

2
5. (a) (i) Resistance R = V /P 1M
= 12 2 / 24
= 6 Ω 1A
(ii) Current I = P/V 1M
= 24 / 12
= 2 A 1A
(iii) Power loss in the cables
= I2 R 1M
= 22 (4)
= 16 W 1A
(iv) Efficiency = Power output / Power input 1M
= 24 / ( 24 + 16 )
= 60 % 1A
(b) (i)

3A
Transformer

Lamp

Power supply

Transformer

*(ii) Transformer T1 steps up the voltage. 1A

The current through the cables is reduced. 1A
As power dissipated in the cables equals to I2 R, so the power loss 1A
is reduced. 1C Effective
Communication

1995-CE-PHY I-5 5
HKCEE Paper I running answer text
1995 Physics

Answer Marks Remarks

6. (a) (i) Energy used
= mc ∆θ 1M
= 15 × 4200 ( 45 – 20 )
= 1.575 × 10 6 J 1A
(ii) Output power
= energy / time 1M
= ( 1.575 × 10 6 ) / ( 5 × 60 )
= 5 250 W 1A
(b) (i) X is a thermistor (OR a thermal resistor) 1A
Y is a variable resistor (OR a rheostat.) 1A
(ii) The resistance of X decreases when temperature increases. 1A
*(iii) When the contacts are covered by water, its resistance is low, so
the input to B is low. 1A
When the temperature is low (below 45oC), the resistance of the 1 A
thermistor is high, so the input to A is low. 1A
As both inputs are low, so the output of the (NOR) gate is high. A 1 A
current passes through the relay (OR The heating circuit is 1A
closed), so the heater is switched on. 1C Effective
Communication
(iv) Decreases the resistance of Y (the variable resistor). 2A

7. (a) (i) When t = 0, corrected count rate

620 - 100 = 520 counts per minute 1A
(ii) Time/hr 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Corrected count rate/ 1M
520 300 170 99 57 33 18
Counts per minute
4A

From the graph, half-life = 25 hours 1A

*(b) The source does not emit α radiation since the recorded count rate
almost remains unchanged when a sheet of paper is inserted. 1A
The count rate drops rapidly when aluminium is inserted, this 1A
illustrates that it emits β radiation.
The source does not emit γ radiation because the count rate
recorded when 5 mm lead is inserted is not different from that 2A
when aluminium is inserted. 1C Effective
Communication
(c) x = 540 1A
y = 540 1M For a value equal to x
z = 195 1A

1995-CE-PHY I-6 6
HKCEE Paper I running answer text
1995 Physics

Corrected count rate/

Counts per minute

500

400

300

200

100

Time / hour
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

1995-CE-PHY I-7 7