Session-11

The Funda of Tenses- 03 (Advanced)

The proper use of tenses

Advanced Tense Tip-1: Some verbs (stative verbs) are never used in continuous form.
Logic: No time lapse involved in the action; continuous form of action doesn’t make
sense.
Stative verbs:
1. Thoughts and opinions: agree, believe, doubt, imagine, know, mean, recognize,
remember, suspect, think, understand, resemble
2. Feelings and emotions: dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish
3. Senses: appear, be, feel, hear, look (dikhai dena), see, seem, smell, taste (swad ana)
4. Possession and measurement: belong, have (possession), own, possess, measure,
weigh

Note: Stative verb formula applies only on the main verb of a sentence.

How to change tenses for stative verbs?

✔ Present/Past continuous tense → Present/Past Indefinite tense
✔ Present/Past perfect continuous → Present/Past perfect tense

✔ Veh aj bda gussa dikhai de rhi hai. ✔ She looks/seems angry today.
Tense – Present continuous tense ✔ Today, she looks/seems angry.
Structure – Be family + V-ing
✔ Mujhe ye pasand a rha hai. ✔ I like/love/hate/dislike it.
Tense – Present continuous tense
Structure – Be family + V-ing
✔ Mujhe uska naam yad nhi a rha hai. ✔ I don’t remember her/his name.
Tense – Present continuous tense
Structure – Be family + V-ing
✔ Hamare pas teen ghar (houses) hain. ✔ We have three houses.
Tense – ✔ I do not have any knowledge of this.
Structure –
✔ Jab maine call kiya, vo log khana kha ✔ They were having dinner, when/while I
rhe the. called.
Tense – Past continuous
Structure –
 ✔ Mai sab kuch samajh rha hu. ✔ I understand everything.
Tense – Present continuous
Structure –
✔ Meri problem ko samjhne ke liye mai ✔ I thank you for understanding my
apka thank karta hu. problem.
Tense – Present indefinite tense
Structure – V1

Advanced Tense Tip- 2:

o Present Indefinite → Habitual actions (permanent in nature)
o Present Continuous → Habitual actions (temporary in nature)
Trigger words: Nowadays, these days, this week/month/year, at present

o Present Continuous → Habitual actions (irritating actions)

Trigger word: irritating habit + always
✔ Mai har roj subh 2 miles run karta hu ✔ I run 2 miles in the morning every day.
Tense – Present Indefinite tense ✔ in the morning every day, I run 2 miles.
Structure – V1 Everyday (Adj) = Regular
Every day (Adverb) = Har roj
✔ Mai ajakal subh 2 miles run karta hu ✔ I run 2 miles in the morning
Tense – nowadays/these days.
Structure – ✔ I am running 2 miles in the morning
nowadays.

✔ Lectures ke dauran vo hamesha bat ✔ He always talks/speaks during the

karta rehta hai. lectures.
Tense – Present indefinite tense ✔ He is always talking/speaking during the
Structure – V1 lectures.

✔ Veh hamesha bina kisi reason ke ✔ She is always laughing without any
hansti (laugh) hai. reason. (for no reason)
Tense – Present continuous tense
✔ Ajkal mai kafi sari books padhta hu. ✔ I am reading a lot of books
Tense – Present continuous tense nowadays/these days.
Structure – A lot of = Formal
Lots of = Informal
 Advanced Tense Tip- 3:
Past habits can be shown in three ways-
o Past Indefinite tense (V2)
o Used to (Main verb) + Base form
o Would + Base form
✔ Jab jab barsat hoti thi, ham dance
karte the.
Tense – Past indefinite
Structure – V2
✔ Jab mai Infosys me kam kar rha tha,
mai office me soya karta tha.
Tense – Past continuous tense; Indefinite
Structure –
Our company celebrated (V2) Christmas.
Our company used to celebrate Christmas.
Our company would celebrate Christmas.
✔ Whenever it would rain, we would
dance.
✔ While/ When I was working with Infosys,
I slept in the office.
✔ While/ When I was working with Infosys,
I used to sleep in the office.
✔ While/ When I was working with Infosys,
I would sleep in the office.
 Advanced Tense Tip- 4:
o Future can be shown in three ways-
o Future Indefinite tense (Will + base form) The President will resign today. General
o Present Indefinite tense (V1) The President resigns today. Official
o Be family + to infinitive The President is to resign today. Off/Un
o Present Continuous tense (be family + Ving) The President is resigning today.
Informal

✔ Mai subh me jaldi interview ke liye ✔ I will leave early in the morning for the
niklne wala hu. interview.
Tense – ✔ I leave early in the morning for the
Structure – interview.
✔ I am to leave early in the morning for
the interview.
✔ I am leaving early in the morning for the
interview.
 Advanced Tense Tip- 5: Past indefinite vs Present Perfect

o Past indefinite tense (V2) → Reporting of past events that can’t be changed
o Present perfect tense (Have family + V3) → Past events having an impact on present

o I didn’t see this movie last year.

o Last year has passed; can’t change the fact – a fact of the past
o I have not seen this movie yet.
o There’s still a chance - Emphasis on completion of the action
o Dr. Kalam wrote 5 books.
o (Kalam Sahb has died; can’t write anymore) – a fact
o Dr. Kalam has written 5 books.
o (Kalam Sahb is alive; can write more) – emphasis on the action
o Dr. Kalam wrote/has written
o (Kalam Sahb can’t write anymore books in 2015; alive or not)
5 books in the year 2015.

Trigger words (Past indefinite): Adverbs of the past – yesterday, already, last
night/week/year, ago, in + past year
Trigger words (Present Perfect): Yet, as of now, already, so far, recently, lately or no
time mentioned
✔ Kya apka dinner ho gya? ✔ Have you finished your dinner?
Tense – Present perfect tense
Structure –
✔ Kya ap aj subh nhi nahaye? ✔ Didn’t you take a bath in the morning
Tense – today?
Structure –
✔ Kya maine apko ye nhi btaya ki mai ✔ Haven’t I told you that I worked (V2)
2020 me Afghanistan me ek private company with a private company in Afghanistan in 2020?
me kam karta tha? ✔ Haven’t I told you that I used to work
Tense – with a private company in Afghanistan in 2020?
Structure – ✔ Haven’t I told you that I would work
with a private company in Afghanistan in 2020?
✔ Kya maine apko last week ye nhi ✔ Didn’t I tell you last week that I had
btaya ki mai Afghanistan me ek company me worked with a private company in
kam karta tha? Afghanistan?
Tense –
Structure –
 New vocabulary:
o While: Jab (Continuous tense)
o When: Jab (Any tense)
o Whenever: Jab Jab
o Work with: Kisi company/organization ke sath kaam karna

Extra writing tip-1: Adverbs of frequency (General) → always, never, hardly, barely,
scarcely
Position → immediately after the first helping verb; after a link verb (Be family verbs)
 Home-work Task
(Solutions in the next session)
✔ Ham is company me apna hissa ✔
(stake/share) agle saal sell kar denge.
✔ Kya ap use 10 salo se nhi jan rhe ho? ✔
✔ USA pehle se hi apni fauz ko ✔
Afghanistan se nikal chuka hai.
✔ Jab Covid-19 har taraf fail rha tha, ✔
duniya bhar ki sarkare lock-downs laga deti
thi.
✔ Kya apne is news ko abhi tak nhi suna ✔
hai ki actress ke pas ajkal koi nya project nhi
hai.
✔ Hamari sarkar hamesha important ✔
economic mamlo par decision lene me deri
karti hai.
✔ Nasa apni nyi satellite isi month ✔
launch karega.
✔ University ne yeh mana (admit) kiya ✔
ki veh videshi (foreign) students ko domestic
students se jayada prefer kar rhi thi.