Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit IV
Unit IV
Unit IV
cnesvtNt't *"'-"::
Dve ro
MAcoN€rrc Fta)) 'Dz?eNt )ioetr alotetty)
* *K*'T "
"thL ?toDQD a*
unric aaz'Pa
Co,
bodil cl'td
-n1edizeLb,t oS cpoceorac P /'!tL"' "
*
oau-oD oai,tnd de4o:>de *ou4y.**l1l<-c,*ovcroz
rne- Aiveaioo 6 atde^r PrF-|{
n-rt .rne cnodrsdvt '
45.
***t ':.
Pn| aD +Y11
u)v6Q-nt
t.5 itt .!-.v
\-l--
y)
--------'
-
*,J-r' ^"0 nasnff!
bne iodQ#r,'''-) _ abo @Deta^b,
i*u-,1,*"p,aonvt
ar u"'-
(pDebttb,. l:l [q I
rt)rre
" er
bnb ":]:;+.6,vios /ll n,^;,"i*^u
II.I^o'ffi',:^ffi:T_'
a t@dU ".*:^'
U ",^:,^xs;"?,"
rndu@ , inq
swce "T'^^),
*u +n$nb dP ',"'i^ Jr:tr-;#;
*''o
diderrtot ot roagnoAc
-TY, i",r**' T"?: -
; )itetL **T, -,'*n,ifT1, *:::"*:;**i,' t' o:'"-*
*'** h,
*-ao) ''' ))nn "6
dirc*cn
*^i ^^ nasnoic
o+ fre
in ino
-, aiao*a,
" "-
sogr> Poin+
ia . ,--*- €' at668tr aivetitra 'a
-rne- c,oss ina)ca-to,c
tna* .11.,
fu* 'rn4
*o ))7. ^**
iot, rha ?tano os t?'i*""" Lo
6)iob@ #, -'o:
'rnak 'lvoadsrne
'-.- dot iod)ca-ran ^ -^i'l'tc
lrirr*.
cD(oio oot ::
ii;'l:*f *;; ;:: ii:'::Xo"r^,
,tsio? tb
ovs,rv\e6. 3ou1 a aodvdoa
.-^.,Ar, &v*
1tv- - :';;
aru . hr,tae
t--,xo
nA@&L gn'n" in -
xnP!
u)'sL
ctalavtise'
me magDe.t;c liDes a* 4od?e. i. e ma6nelL livl- @
;n tne {oaa
lines a\ddd$ +66rn A <sose-d lDoP and e-*ist
c4:
o? 3i4ffi9fie99 c'6
-rtle owanitdivP' naAsvrl bJ rr)abfiehc
fu'es c)
is avzr'>
we-av,noss o* nt- 'tvgltetbL -tvto- magnoltc
A'uc) SrTo'nfilt '
inteneity dd m"g'eic
-Poin:
4;ud
6a-td \otonsiry
or anl
^-: -:^^Ti' 'f#j,r,
;;:-:" ): X*ff-,ff-.?;"'J'*'
magaic <ied roten5tU t?
--a
Eret*'"* E 4 H
ReLATlo^/
'Tn?'- b aoA ?
.-> *"
Ao d'ag\a'foslo+'u> ' 7^-#*tua.,orar
1rv 6e4fl6n
'
TvruD +oe @W 09 A"'ottd
eacr'\ oflp-6 ir tannd
ig
?azroeaaiiiy
co.o6;ng caava* L Ptaa'd =r
a" P,
br €ec- sPacn-
is daooao) C,/,,a Po : 4r^, J?
Pe-oroaart'n4 '/rn
tu6 anu otneo ao4xon
o
V) spilid aa Mv
a1 6s1a.iva PeoaaattttX
and lJoPr'
Y=
6dale) oe
ye-Boil3o"
modta
fij, fr* 9a(9 fuT oooaabao&
M( =o
' twtziats
Ff ma61>o'rtL'-
Ittt >L '
61s-7- -gAYA1I
LAW: );YeLr A anA
4,
,, ^-* tne- di++i2zani.at
rnis :'**' -;ril
1dv1 t
)r*' i ,,au' 't
-,,:
"'"0 - 'Tn@ ?otttc i|
caqlog *"*T^" 4aDt{\ ','e' \\
* 'fre
ar a'
tr,.[r*no,
;r,
)is+aoco
,. ,,t,,meltt
r \
urd"+ ai,*aanr,
. ,nu {tl;.
rno aooe ": ,*e- line'
is
;"^*^' Qtei)enl"
,,'n-!'-i, ,-- )ie+eveofia, d*denr
paoY ? n
,'v1in1o 5
Tn Q- b;oL' Savaztj I at^) qta'fe'S +vai
-rn/- maYenc 6ed intcnsirY ;3 ?a,salaczd a-t- CL
e)eJ\1eov and
2- -fhl- sine- os +v1e- an6ta bt* +r,r-.'
tD -tr1'4-- a-levnefit*
ihe- l;oa soioio6 Poin+ P
Poopoaetiandl
TvoPodEtaY 'te'tbe- Sovvatz alu +he-
z " an) 'ovevsa1
R blvl eoior ? and The' Q)efier,L '
Af s+an c-a'
govo'dt, tat) tE sala) @t
lvle- BioY- 'an
wa'lvtp:tlaicalY t
--1
dt1 d) a._)L si^ O -o
P.'z
ha)L sin O
)a=
?? 09 PzorcruicnaliU
h"+ C-ooS.z'nV
!l= +11
-L
io|-3ava"a{'t l-att)
rnil i:, ldted lntufr"al +a.d',:1 4 B
LA\^J NTEEM.' Dtb'tztgofeD q \']PCE-
Sirl:;AlE I
a' on*€cro
.oobi)ea a.' SUoaLQ- coa7lnE
dt> sv1r,uJJo
;: $gtae '
oveo |E s\tofu(g
,f//
a)'?56Qr\<
oo76d\Y de'\'tY
s\)T+aca'
th@n ine- 'Eo,+aLt'z'
.Ilo,,-t
;n @/"o) avoe)
ao i o,,a ;b meo
)eacxel
4d6
**?t,r';::Y'
oo'@r{t
ThvS
o*
a)odertv a'
io ona triJlvr ?,
tb J
+o * dt-lacnao
la
UJli,.rre u'lir)tr"t
W 3-zAl>,
aosic)eteA
'rbu9 ij As tb 't!.e Aif(aaenhat s\bfuc.e- a{eA
)e*ir4 A tnen
na"ttoS cr)66e(*
ota s:odfu@
.i? =i''' ft
:Lav'
---- O
- ,,^rrrr0€- Ag a
*rveo andltto$
vr e-
rhe. c'6e/*
u)afferE 'n /orurD4 dV
rli rhe-
Jli '?t'v -m€ arrorenia
1^^""'-
izr)
'i t lefzhlla
in A)'; Thun
v, ? fieae!'<ed
4Ao no*-*=?
a' -'-@ *a suofac'e
uJusel"tt
i,^iu ag h)fi
+T ?2'
?= J-6i;"1
+T?)
*)r,t
Vo)
t"'u
io atso castel anP"rit
The- btot-savd'd:€s la,
-to6 -fha cD'6e'ot Q)e'roQ-nb
'
ryffi
i auu-p-,o-fii@*
c''}f) 91 otv'o
9J-
mu
b^a sraatshr
?,T3:
f - i-'u * me' condtt dztd L4
)iEtaoa o*
a-
z lgoro o;go
,y
l"
W--o
'me- di sYaoco ve-tt1ld ioiniog ?oior 'L
-?
2Q?
o
b Po\nt 2- to Qtz ADt) can oe- wdrcJ)
o
4aY ful.r,lrrz
A.)
{, " (r- o)3r+ to-o1Aot a
-)
(o'z) q2-
Yai+ o aq'7'42'
=
--- @
-4
--1 Rtz- '242'l\41
aaz -
l?,.1 tr rtr*
-
f,'*
-.,
aa-= ra I ^
4'q -)
od-
4z'
= tdzd?
l- -z-
L' ]
t5 ne4teted
{tt
cvoss Pfr+L& lRrzl
prg-s: yvhite- 'Eaniog r
brv hnf-ne'z aotNtafufig
atl mugc be CPosi)eft)
t/,n{eniQntL -4
.4
tdu*
dH ak poinr a is
ActoTaioq,
I
l-z-
--,
-{ xo.pt!:
Tdt an, +fi 4Y +L )
2-."L'
Afr TL,
'l6vb +Dfl\ ltvt'' ioveosrn! H 44n ba- ovlzioe) Y
.J 'The e-r\fite' lc-ngtn o! ane- cond)cld
lovnaa+3o6 )a ovLd
,
P
-i')fr' J
&
+-r
.)
C?+ i)
---=-.312_
z---& z=4
k--<'? n',", "Xff{ "!:: *!------r,
z= r -ban I
i-- t+ofo .-*-J 9> z-- *&, 8=t"/z'
* Soie d9, Z='Ft
and drz,
g-5lz- -a
scP )e 712-
aq 2-
(
. --i7H' \j
-
) i{*r*";u> 9l>
o'--Tl> ?t>
rL rv,n?*ii1'=f a."i'il
-)'>"i -,**i'=is'
,J frt>
:
_Tl>
"1\l ?-
t_(
at> qq =) +fY \us 9a9aQ
t'+: . -
--) __!-.de )
) # '*'
-512
-Tr>
frln
Anq?eee's 4leculrAL
LAw"
vse€ut fr> oblzufi
ao etecrzp slaE cD , Thr.' q'v'gtE t4' t
e- o* cor,lfle* P'cbte-rn,' si aita?x/ in 'trr e- d\agne'to-
tv,e E in co,>
calteA amen da
tao G/6) htl>ut;o w6tk td' '
":z-z^tifoy
I
'Tvo Q- arttpoYe's cr€TDildl b)n statoz ivw..b-,
b\d lha*
"a*l^ o5 Arorlrc,'.;b d'a,.itat
The- fiahhQjtr\aAaa\''er6e'Se1t-a'J'ad{)
l4t t9,
5
aq
./
_---)
--4
4q
,,-
{ ldllt'vl
at o* va3o9 Pz:*v't
@r'g;)e5 a 't osed ct oz''st
uJna ent J '
gnt zoD))) d-6:. ea'ctyt o6 )ioett
esdose/> lne- etoz't 'fne- c'bhd Lt-6a
o*"o 'J di"n'o { lrarn
1ne ?o\nL ? \t in Zg )itedlan frngzniai lo
o* eoin' $i;d) is '
(pos)ea i, "
ni
ao ?a'tv1 / * ?o;
A'oz,lt -7
ir-' ' aq 7c '- -lY
4torO
-, eOtained a*
?oiot' ?|
yi fxle ,tl l-l
loDA
*o ir,6oivo\U
7ov'gvadt9 tdD )'Pe-
uoit !J
?agLnro
l,
-1 a=L
g{
?- l+i**^@ %
-
L.
"(a'
-4
fi. aL'
*- aq rAq qq,
2-17\Y
--a
a{aq
l-1 - dt-
2--7i'(
2 a,93 --- @
T")u >7
@ ove-6 T1e on+ire. ctosed Pah '
=D@06abn8
2a
-.,
a.aL = ( t)q
2-1r
, ==
1
J z-d 2-fr Lq'f
9,o bd noAtda'
.o";"d
= ctd6e(tl
iowxai
,ni5 raotoe tu&
in€- 'tosna "dlvw
td " !a4?6
-v1e*'^ ?a:rw '
r cn't'o sn)
A\ ect
c'^)66on
61twr>
ss{6a. coos))zt
*u AmPuaon-,::t;o X' fi=
iT,r,:,J;-'"-*n^**
'7oro.-
a'D
'"": -**'J,
'^" 4qg
y
P oo1ne- c)nsad '( - ----,
::::" :
I" *7-* o
is tD be' ""o'7 ;* '
.aadtvs o* lne ?at1't tc
?ath '2 aud1/
aadtvs 'fue' t'o,-
^' 6- .+ne.- tohil)t) |(
'l'e
iq a* a -l''( )ietancl . att
/
-. -v^' y " uostt) Pafi^-
-wte. mogrir,;au * A )e+eode '-^ t,,e-
g t{- du = l.
zT
rt*r)q = I
J
Q>o
= )'
_.1"7
Ha1 LAJ|
i+Yzfi = a
) ,,e>..-_a
u
z-Ty
lrr 76
ts=Uil, z1l{ |
t4 --h3sy
'
I'z'7 -+ a,ageA Po*'"t
cnnsi)w at c'rose-d Pa*1^-
'tne
4D s*du^ injlga6'
aD SDaur,, A
me-
Y'd:
e
- tras
. r.-t u.rh
6 boigxtl ', ca ' j
Patut rc
i--nyoY
=v
iz f *'nn )iveLhso
v)o-ntg in ''z ?idne '
fr-tuwont
At'usio7 oa,tt
lllL
-ihe' c' orlcnt
6oven by
vly b
a*.Ju; ;t
'' ..V,-b
+cnt' J ---- O
the- fia?rte);c lttoes og 'Soaz.o- d-u<. iv -ryt
e-
{-ansiaez
-rv 'he 6gn" futl +wrttb
a-\TdQt'tY ay AraesSoa, au-c"t4i08
svr6-Dn in 4)*Xe-
bLtou: .,.rr
1Ye'se a,Te-
dVe. "t-
Ps>i flcrv l-
o -4?.
@ rcrv -
FoJl
t- - dk e-rl't ttrt
r,n- ? \c in aoA 3'*t
*L iotcg*t
ar66 'tne- ?ait$ b r'z
aen&'
,{)€
J
'fl -- o
.ohl;aez ?axt^ 2-3 aton6 wnith i>= a^ *
3
,.
3
c-> *' 3a
t -r,
I A -dL = I Er.r_qr ) - (dxaa-) = -Hr ldr -- bH .a-
)I )
2-
I ) -@
>-3 ib rb1o8 io z<o oc-gi on 46 eunicrr
Tv.\e ?a*v.,
) m*a 4avm > to 3 | vosiive- *
?; -Lr* -9
Aa- . eoA
t 'o L\/e'
tl42xave S;g" ft tn6- i ovegTa ''
Na+a.bve- a- he'oco
-a and th
r'r'rnia*'l il-= A'-aL
cposidea 7a*1\ 4'l a\oog
-1 A*a* -?
he'n'L A "
in -Tne- ze4icm 2>o
I
t)2" ---@
(rt .i.= ( G,*A>. 1tx ax') = un )lA- =b
)) +
+ +
-n -
-t|t -dv biz-+ bkd.* ' 21 on* '-- @
"
zbvl>t- =
Lastt"' bYb
7-=
{a
_6 t) z- " hyb
Y,y
l)y- = -L
?
+d zzo
-L vu 4r- h k)'o
a usuaent ae^stu
'Ft't ao infioita 3w2y
3.t, 6<Jre-Ta\
ioc^o-toc-ntal
m agac-h c Etoa
a't- ?oinF P
1y)e- +z)tu\
'tnL @J\\{o oi'orte- sfia\l
whi6h i9 at
6atlar"4W;, n-r) + Lr e
Y\'oA'
fi. u*oi*+ \"lo-- A
Aeltb\U
'rha- ltPYa\ c'D'o6enr
whire
i g"ven v9'
.J) vh v5
.-a
3 = a-"4
z 't E?Y '' av;e dnse) "cft
c'tao:irul t^u :
trn e-
to
To aP?U ANtPeUe , +hi' Parn
iowqzat t t'
z,,ocl:Y +ne
c,LaSn)
A^o lnvmb zn@
e\fdwate a^e' naod
Actav'*og
* igtt+
di<e.r*-to't
aocda'
in 42 )co*Y'otl '
a)66an? ib
4'b,
Atoog Pd*h ?:
--)
,i -)
a 'aJfv ttil )" =4yaJ
l€
aY @
tr .i'= nY
e4t*se)
iotsevmb
dtong a'b con bQ-
rne- iotettsiy ry in +ne :t'
aod loe' z*tc-
e* chor) rfrrty
n"^ oisnog at P
d-u L' P
)ke*an dirll a'-b liotYt Poinb
u )ioe*cn +
tr,a- )igtaDcz ln ZAh be' erFaQzsel
2A
-e zllons zt-b
; t+) ...4
fien@ F+ - )t-
--- @
6 54,, LHJ,.#el7"thenu -9
'Y1t- 4r- aod
W Pa*71 b-c, -).
Htbto -fl, 2iret*irta
44
Avr Ar.
-AuA* --- @
AzL
i.;.,
NOt, Ht Can be- e*7vea*e-d i S ft Hzo dt'b
olevm ?oinb
Hro t 49 Dt'c
Hz =
'>' a3
'Tr.,e A-bYan(D. bc lzoa P ;a Aj/-
*) "a*:t'''
'4
dL' AV 4J
,4\
fr dv
. = -Hy AY -"-\-9
ed io tezrng t nbo ond @+L 40'
BvY n3 ca^ be e^PD\-ss
)ireda- -n4e aislan@" q: zD
AMD*,e n- HX in nqa*ive
t-
'b in na2ativa ct dt valian
$zon poia+ ? 6a*1 .2
a]
Hy= ay"- ff!
LAy,- +'#l
t-i -i.)c-a = - ae ' "- @
n*,1.,- at 66@
Wl@
G i,)a-^ = Ln-o-* #) "*
1.i', .on ae- aufa)ne-d by adding
1?'ral
@lva.hdoe
l4> ,(D,c8)
aod Go)
daLY Dfiy_
'. i.i" Y2 - F*oa*' 2- a9
HYoag'
' #
u)odefir oot)'osed
ina eo.n@ e@
*i^ . )w=
.r)
aenc)
4t aJ . _. _.., rDH) _
?F\A - 521 -@
2e,J
W'\-u--
b,, AJ L/
--|.
cl eJel ?atut
Snaor5
an tna
5a4ol+'
thie 0vg, aclwL'ca 22:aa
+2Jt3 +o
?o\oF (ia)
Ar-Ay aYeo'
1)nDo
6-i-i'
3----- --' A
zny -"iz :52 ---@
A;^Ag
A*oY "v
c-o D oi a ea oa i o u'art) Ql rd t at*e.d Pdtw ;n yz ptane we
a*
T'te UtotottP aQnb;ry Do-droal -b iv ;.e in y -diverttoa 3o .
We 6s,n wa\Ye,
-!tm
bi i"
J=-
DHz-
bY
EHU
-__-_z - Jz ---@
agAL+o Ag Az-
2\? , ry
aod
,n ojr: ALA./.
2l'1r-
?-L 2r'
aLa>c+o
5z 4z
f = 5r<- dt * aY 4yn
-s,+ lCiY
7iA 4J
-D\42-
an1
-#7e
15;-
L
lo,
to Lw39 ?doNLf
',, ;od)cared !2y V, ? "Nnitn
\ne- wal fl
, Sni ,.nd 1 W1
ft oeezarot
b caued
'+ne- ?oioY
'Tna e''vonoa@
tatt)
t
dvuire\ .4
ArrlPxeS 3
uYl
v*H =
I
a^tvoions
.> 1@ Maxvvet)s
\h;9 \b a$e V
a -rlr{
'ld }',' irl -.'1-C
I \.. L1(r/ -. i
n"e
... ''u, 't^.:'., :.\:i
t' '':: I --\t6
Li,, r
'.,,'o"f """'"'- : :,,..; -1.
?aoPaatjos o* ctsal ''
SIEOXE, T HEUPEI4
io e)ectvoglaitD'
Aoatog>ve +o -tne- Avelqeoco tneote'n t
'Tne- 3+oo k*c
I
-lnePaoro in fiASnefrsWtLo '
tnete- et-is6 Srdokes
a Svthce ;nraSadt -
,
ol l-tzot<r-s
T$eeer4 . r inrp
Pc-J,o? s t9 S?l\YtQ'Ct
S onid't
co6;dea ^ 3vofaa
soola<z
Each
ihLtarfiental
sva€ato9'
og iocremootat in FiTae -
nnr{tbLv Snown
ar)
atoa 02
;5 v'lVioa
,:SJ*
J'
98LJo)
,b o?
epabtoS bJ )efioiioo oS 'tne u)vl aoa
dLas t Pezime)e:a
*o, X? io :';::'t":r:TL:3:'-
Nou)*ne Y-
fr ,r.,in ?a,vtne'e' ai
n NUt n l2 agli laod
vlrte/
'+ne silrfuca- as o'u)ns
-a
(vr --s
ri), -- (vx H). -)ant
H--
,L E t ^n) --- A
i b9
-ro.rdt ;;toL- -unragP Elven N LB) LA)
-- N? =
aorol itu-l- ioYagz t' lq =Be
NQ: NbA *= Y2*-J
Bw b'Ptl
-'. NCi N'r/H)A
, l*iN H A
2
PN,A
, tr,'J
LY A =) Ng '
L.
A ig givzn bY
5od)ttlaoa 4;- 4
gotenoi 1
L-' ,tJl A
L
aNPucfAr!4e o7 A ToeotD'.
N -Nanb
unsi)ea 4 tDdo; d ztog uin
a- L-a*'rhe' aad'i v 9
and cqwyn| o)vdent
be Z aa thoaD in ti g' '
aS lne ]ro'a,:id
A'/Q-o W,
TcTal +\oL AnYage '- Nq
wheYa A -) A\ea
& t-D9s-9etr"v-' 6
Buf Q= bA
-Arn)at ztn6
r f'tfta
_------
lorat qt-- tinxage-- N@)ca)' ffi)t^:' [2Te)
@'rtz) I 2-7\F
r--a
u' Pdn n
I 'z'-z 'lt{ ^L-ro
1
r
| an6 =
166,oi)d
A -= Aves' + cDoss 3L$1oo +
vJhoYe
cftgtE:
aN D t)L't Ar'tce o? h L}-AXtAL 59
L;tin tnDQt eooaA)ffi *Ltoos &
4
coooidez co-atu:61 cdde
o\xau c@d)ufid
?aiv9 "
'o''
and
-*ao'' tna
Le,L -rne- 0id6enl-
be' a.
tP-a*ial enbe
aabte
W IY,Q' [o'aebl of
rvc- magoeic hud
inransi
i, 6ueo W
a wheYe a, 1Y Lb *- -A
d' ,n{
- ira
La, U'i. U)
E= ,T'l
'
)v
Y=d
2T
Pa
t4j [-ta ,Jn
b
--- @
cztbtQ t gxven W
'rne- ioaaclon@' o* a Lo'aatal
L= -@'tal 4tva 4'""8"
lvrdl u 6denY
-Y:t
2V - (*) lLpt*)'
ble- ma1 b etPaeased tu6
u> -a*ial c
1v1a ajjudanCc o* A
aetD
gn16a;c,.l sroceD rM A MAhN6TI4
l4A&N€Trc. eNee4al -
iodt tw w 8)Ve^ bV
b*ry Sfr*nl ina
Wrn = -L Ll z
,.a ffi
J-
A,.) /a, r'
LDnd)bnE Sbea+
)r . .ac? - 6as
AA AA
"-)
B
As , )i {-{erenn41 Sorfacz anza
-6tAz v
,2t' Sbeol At '
und,t't (hhE
AL BL:::2
B = lr l-)
. L-JL-' P k At- '42-
AA
l,a
shol* iurreot-
& AL; H (aY) C. acnducriQs
@ 1 Airoaa)
- 6ne-=$ g"-ted 2-
Awm' -L Dt At
*ag'r
-ev!2 @& @ ia@ z
Awrni +[#)fu r^vrJ