***

ime..
Hemo stasis
His o pocess of spotaneouS ares+ of
rom
rom minor ijury of smal blood Vessels. leedinex
leel..

tow does hemostasis Occur?

isisaa balanee between and anti clotina
elotina and
System by
)Platelet agTeegai on mechanicm
Plotelet non-aggrezation mechan sm

ati-cogulation System is more dominarled Hends

+ blood om intac blood vessels Haemorraae
Sho ck deah:

Coagulation S4stem more dominale 2A imtra- vascsulac

coagulaiom

Plolele- > I imic pathay

Hhichtadar thal prevem ihav as cular

Coagulation ?
Smoolh imact lyning of 4h
endolhelium of blecd
vessels
 ZULILIIILLITLI.

Rade o blood 4lo nowmal et passi bilHy of eles

Heparin bindsanttlhtombin (u) complex ahich
Hh
prevent
Prevent
Coagulaliom b inhibrting h activehon of faztor

Pasla eyelin PRT2 (Postoglondin Ia)formed

yendohalium
hot Prevents
blood
agareqati on of
plateles hich prevents
elot
No 4hat tomed
by endo-lhelium hat also
plarlelet aregation prevent
Prevent

letting System-This syslem hich 1s TespensibL fr

elot tomatton

omponent ofelot formation -

) Vas eular eomponem
1) Plalelef

1) Coagulctim Componen+ coaqulathm inhibtors

Eibiao Abrtnolrie
Sy slam
 Meem Products
S u b j e c t *
. * e ° * * ° * * ° ° * * * * ° ° ° * * * ° ° ° * * * ° ° * * ° * * * * * * * *****

...Ime...a*s .*.
Date

sequenc
Foo doesi sleps eventually 7 sleps /events
of hemostas is ?

Vascular spasmConsBrietion)
No blood lowto h arigin
Bleeding stp SeTetumin

1) TxA2

Factrs Causin spasm

Ctrinsing abilty f h smoolh musele to Constrie
ve ssels

() Some factrs produced by platelets and endlhelium

and
hat causes
eonshicion spasm
Throm box anc
A2txA2
ADP from plalelet
Aom plelelet
D Serotonin | 5HT ftom
plalelet+
Plalele plug tòrmaion
ADPTx A) -

Her
Heu ag8regeton oplatelet ccurshat
Can
can seal
eal
+w injuried area fblood vessels
)
row platelet plug forms)
exposed to
damaged collgen of blood vessel
plotelets
morpho logH is ehanged plerlelet thrombox
activatior
in A
Occurs Some omponets are released ike t x A 2) ADP

shiclkiness of plaBelet - aggreqati on of pladelet-

plalelet plug formaion.

elottormation
fhbrinogen and prothwombin tloos ito blood as
procougulen
CIna cive form

9hile he vessels fhem

passing through Some

diposited plalelet Plug

T
Th plalelet released phospholipid and Co2t

Imeroct t h othr elothing -facls and converts to

frin
ibrin (clat) frmadiom
Clot ctraetion curs sithin20-30 min utes

o4 h elot torma-tion initially elot oillfagik

tnen
ohen elot seatenes Sequene ts serumfluid portion
Tnoymo 9 moe
Ond becomes hard
adv
oY

aPpostti on o injured and of bloed

vessels
vessels
disorgani2ation of elot and
and re pair bood
repair blood vessek
vesses
m9OT el
Evemual TOth of
ibrou issu Hhen repair t h

hy does elot Corracts? tissuA

plalelet aomtain Comtracile

Cat h cotracile pralein
prolein Ghrom
Causes elot Ethrom bas-thenin)
bashenin .
ater elt retraeion.
Tetraction plalelets
plalelet Immediertely
Cot acting seeret
Seetet
prolein Actin
Acin sssly
TMYasin
Another
and
6f alals
h eh causes
Cause2S
hrombosBheni
rocoth
3ooth
n
Collagen this o
of
ior obl as
Abroblas cau
Causes
fibroblas
ses disor
goni sat no
ganisat
 ULULLLLIIIILLUTZL

ofele and repeir sf blood vesels.

mus
Hsde
mus
Detine hemosasls tHoo do h plarlele Comri butes
cach he sfeps of hemosfasls **

THHE COAGrULATION ins olu

His +he proeess by shich fibrinoqen is converted intotib=
is calles oagulation. So luole

VIVAtWrtenu idty
VVE
Letinrtiom- is proeess

and Convert into 'oa

uhich blood losses

gel like nass due t

ts

.Abrin is called
Conersian of ibrinogen io ibrin

alof

Steps of blood Coagulain

activator PTA)
stage I: formation of psoth rombin
extrinsic and ibinsie pathuay.
by

:
1I: Convetim sf prothrombin to hrombi'n
Stage
by PIA and Catt
(prothombin dcivator
Convertion ot fibrinoqen to fibrin by
Stage 111
c+and hrombin
 T EP

Stage tormerian of
o PTA
- eatt

stage 1T Prothrombin Thrombm

Cinactiva)
Stage 11 Fibr inoqen fibrin (Clot)

Stage I:Initial
stage.formetiom fPTA bytwo
Two
toays EP and IP

LP>rauma iss u inHaled oith

o factor X1D
achvtien

EP rauma he blood Vessels

vessels inihle
inihiale dd
tsih activai n
of faclor VID

ked coagulah on toeetor

reauir es
Coagulaim tacdor
Platelet II
3TssuL foetar
Paagulahion -factr
15 plasma protein coagulaicm -tactr Jst (4) are

Called
essemtial/primary clothing-tactr
o faretar 1-
fibinogen
Facto II- Prathsombin
taelrII1-Thr omboolashn (tiss thromboplastin
actor JV - Cat

ony+mey are called primary?

Absence / defteiency of any of +hese facdr
Coagulation is not at all possible
Remaining (1u) also help in eoagulation bd h
Pioess of
coagulation uill be debyed if any
o these 11 an
are
defieie+/absent
X-k dependent factar ?
factr
deficlent
t h a t will happen viH- k is diAesent dice
LNo syHhesic of vit-k dependet elotting
faclors BIeeding disordec
 iThinsic pathacey (xtt fstor
acivoied) coagulahon

Einsic pathcoay.
hauma to h blood withinthe bloed vessel
Vesse .

teetorxt is calledHh comtac faetor ohen t

Contacts th
foreign substana alass tube elot
tormatm sturts

o does EP is
formed 2
y acivation of t

ssuuu tauma

2) v Tissu actor]

.
Cat
> Activcled x
(xa)
Cot
V
Platelet phespholi pi d
Pro-thsombln Prohrombin activatur
>hrormbin
Aa-Etrinsic pathaayfbbd Coaqula on
Inhinsie pathcocay
+
formaion
Theintinsie palhoay for indating -Ih
t
bloo bloo d
wrlhhauma
Prothiombin aetivator begin
blood to collagen fom
fom
Hself exposer ot w
haumatiacd bloed vessel wal

Bloed trauma off contact uth ollagen

Activarled xir (xTa)

-(Hmu kininegen)
) Activaled xI(x1a)
Ca
Acttvalcd Ix(1xa)
Thi ombin VIlI CcH

Activaled x(xa)

plarlelet Thombin
phesphol pid
V

Platele Protombin achivatr

phospholipid
Pothrombin
oa 4hrombin
ig Imrinsie pathway of blood coagulaetion.
rormation of Hbrin-

Prothrombin
PtA -catt

Thrombin

Abrinogon- Abinogen monomar

- cat

fibrin iber solubl)

Thrombin activated
fbrin-stabiliaing
factor Cross linked fibrin ibers

leod clot
The
The elot+ is
composed of a
meshcoork Gf-Abrin -fibers
ers
Tunning in all direetion and Co
eells plarlelet, plasma erapping blood
clot tctraci n seruum
LOHhin e minudes ater a elot is formed, i+

beginsto contact and ucuall *xpress es most of

th
h Auid tom h clot wihin 20-60
min
Puid ex presses is called serum

Seum can ot elot becauce lacks of

Hbrinogen and her elohng tactor

Ati coagulemt Prevet blood coagulatiom

Chemical age hat

a t u r e l aticoagulerls

A i thrombio 11
) Heparin
n) Proletn
PioeinS
da-
antih yesin
anti-hypsin

macroglb
bulin ,

-
d,-
v others
Hhers
gWhy plalele ealled hrombocrle9 h

helps in fomaion o-fhrom bu .

Functtons of pletelets
Plalelets plays im pertamtrol hemost«sis
an in
by
Hemostgsis vascular spasm

)plotelet
pletelet plug frmati on
1u) Clo TctracHn

1)formeh on o- vosctular endetheliun

Blood o ogaletion
Phagsatsis
Storage and transpor uach m (5HT and histamin)
Substan tee
Substonce secreated byplatelets
A) Fiom cell membrane
TXA(vasoconstrietor)
From cyrto plasmi
organelks
Dense qmnules sectete
Serotonm (vaso Constricton
ADP
(platele agare gtion on injured vessels
tumatiom plalelet plug Helps in homeostusis
 ununnnnnnn.
Sat
other oadeine oueeoids

Alpha granules secret+

plalelet derived qioth acdor
Pltelet factor 4
fibrinogen
Von wila lberand fuctor
+hrooa lebulin
other factar

3Lambda ranules
Contai n lysosomal ond hydrela hydelgees hydrdyses

Developmem of plaielet-
pluripolertial slem cell
mixed myoli d progentor eell efo GE mm

CF Umegalo blas

Promega karyocy1e

megaka/yocyte
plateety
Bleedna Disaotden
Th blesding disader of
disorders_shieh
ae a
group is
is
naiacierired by abnormal endency o bleed due to a
defert in h
meeha)sm ot mogtasiS

Vas clar disor der Non -4hromboertopenl pur pura

e

Plaeiet disor der

Thromboertopenie. purpua
stThromboertopeni a, Thrombocytosi
Ceagulation dissrder Haemophilia, Von-oillbebrands disea
nc Note
DrDu na
Purpura ic a
clini cal condition_eharacteri 2ed by Hendeney
Sfotaneous bleeding_tom skin mu membran
and
Indernal or gans.

Tpe 2 +4pe
OThronmbo cyBo penia purpura
Non-+hrom boertope nie pur pcuraa
 Meem Products
Subject o****ooo*o**ooosonosaoonooo*osee

Date... . . |Ime.... .

numbe2r of platelets Cu in
Thromboeqto p e n i a - D e e r e a s e
Periphetal eirculation belo normal level is hromboertopeni a

Nomal .5-3 lacks normal count )

J.5 fat Z thiom bocrto penila
ng TE thromboertosis
3.5
Cliniaal Hèalwus-

O Tssue Heeding
wcund bleecding
Short note Aeuela. bleesing in Ah-oints
Musele bleeding
Haemophilla-©Itaerantal haemorrhaca
His ainheriled disorder du to defideney offaetar
VIl and IX here bleedingtim is nermal brt clotting
ime is prolonged.

pe 2 type
DHoumo philia A elassical Haemophilia du to facter

defieieney
- du actr
Haemophilia &/ chismas aemo philia
(bx) deticieney
Inhezirtence oP Hemophilia-
pmale are suterer and ofemale afe earier
b12
(vil, 1x) trunsmid el hr ough 'x enr onmos onna
linkod ceeese Inherrtenme
TecessIVe
 Meem Products
Subject *****es****a*a**a****ao****************e**o**as
Date .
*******oeoe***a*******oo***
me..
4eeeeeooeesonoon

Von - silbrond-faclor
tactor is celd von
ullros factor- du t
toillebondas detieiency of
of
viutdiseau).
leeding Dis order
Bleeding tme (ET) mintes
-

Clotinga time (eT)- -12)

Prothrombin tim (PT)- (12 - u)minutes
sec

Thrombocrto penia defeiency of pladelet

Thromboeyto sis veess of plaleler count
Normal caunt of platele .5-35
.5-3.5 lat/
lac/ ca mm of blood
ca mm

aemophilia
feature 0 leeding occars Aiom the jeit Hamor-th Tosls
Bleedimg occurstom the museks
Inracranial hemorrhag
D:Merence betoeen purpura and haemophilla

Purpura Haemephia
Bleeding ime- Prolong Bleeding time
Normal
Clotting time Nomal
clothng-time -prolonA
-

Prothrombin -ime- normal frothrombin ime -

normal

Steps eets of hemostasis

Vasoconsttieham thomboxin Az and seractonin ahieh

Causes Yasoconstriciom

Fomarion f platelet plug- Plertelet xeale(releases thromboxi

Aand ADP ohieh auses formatho n af
platelet plug

Oformatin Blosd elet- Pladelet aduce phospholipid

and hels in tormai m f p«othrembinn
aetivator and causes
for matin of
bloed eto

Clt Tettactien Thfem bosthe ninL shieh atrte Teleased

41om plalele cause etot rehactin.

9 Eventual zrooBk to(mation of fibrous tissue

 Meem Products
Subject:
Date.. .Time:..
ZZZ2727772ZZTIZIIIZIIIIIZ

Plalehet denived areoth facto D&f) ahieh etmulates

ibvo blast and helps in Abfous i s s u matim
/1