Annexure-I

Micro-Project Proposal

Title of Micro project: Maintenance of Transformer

Aims/ benefits of the Micro-project: Routine Maitenance of Transformer
Course outcomes addressed:
A. Interpret The Normal Operation of the Electric Transmissionand Distribution Systems

Proposed Methodology:
As Akash Bhagat have sugeested the micro-project regarding Maintenance of Trasnformer.,we have
distributed work among our group memebers equally . As Akash have gathered Information about
Trasnformer with the help of web articles,Slides and youtube.Sankalp has find out information about
Yearly maintenance transformer from various different sites.Sameer also collected information about
Monthly maintenance of Transformer and Namdev also helped sameer for gathering information,Later
all the Editing Process was done by Akash Bhagat and made a soft copy and completed our micro-
project

Sr. no. Details of activity Planned started Planned finished Name of

responsible team
Date Date
members

1. Gathering Information 04-April-2021 18-April-2021 Akash Bhagat

2. Gathering Information 20-April-2021 25- April-2021 Pratik Valanu

3. Editing 27-April-2021 05-May-2021 Sankalp Patil

4. Editing 05-May-2021 012-May-2021 Sameer

Naiknaware

5. Merging Document 15-May-2021 22-May-2021 Namdev Shelke

Resources Required:

Sr. No. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

resources

1. Reference book B.H Deshmukh 1

2. Laptop - 1

3. Web Articles www.slideshare.net

 Group Members
SR.NO NAME OF STUDENT ROLL NO

1 BHAGAT AKASH RAJENDRA 2466

2 VALANU PRATIK PRAKASH 2467

3 PATIL SANKALP SANJAY 2468

4 NAIKNAWARE SAMEER SUBHASH 2469

5 SHELKE NAMDEV KANU 2470

ANNEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2020-2021 Name of Faculty: Mr. Mohan Sawarkar

Course: Electrical Power Transmission

& Distribution Course Code: 22419 Semester: 4th

Title of the Project: Maintenance of Transformer

COS addressed by the Micro Project:

A. Interpret The Normal Operation of the Electric Transmissionand Distribution Systems

Major learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project

a) Practical Outcomes: Routine Maintenance transformers

Comments/Suggestion about team work/ leadership/inter-personal communication (if any):

As a group leader (Akash Bhagat) ,and a direct 2nd year Student I am already fond of trasnformer ,and I
also Got a quick response from my group members as I shared our topic. We did a good teamwork as
members were very actively doing theie work which we have distributed among us. We shared our
opnions , ideas among others group members. From this micro project, we deeply acknowledgement of
Maintenance of transformer.
Roll no. Student name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total out of 10
performance in group performance in oral/
activity presentation(D5Col.9)

(D5Col.8)

2466 BHAGAT AKASH

RAJENDRA

2467 VALANU PRATIK

PRAKASH

2468 PATIL SANKALP SANJAY

2469 NAIKNAWARE SAMEER

SUBHASH

2470 SHELKE NAMDEV KANU

(Name & Signature of faculty)

 BHARTI VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

NAVI MUMBAI

Department: Electrical Engineering

Subject: Transformer Maintenance
Subject Teacher: Mr. Mohan Sawarkar
Project Title: Maintenance Of Transformer

Group Members
SR.NO NAME OF STUDENT ROLL NO
1 BHAGAT AKASH RAJENDRA 2466
2 VALANU PRATIK PRAKASH 2467
3 PATIL SANKALP SANJAY 2468
4 NAIKNAWARE SAMEER SUBHASH 2469
5 SHELKE NAMDEV KANU 2470
 CONTENTS
Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…..02
Testing Carried Out On Transformer……………………………………………………03
Transformer Maintenance Checks On A Monthly Basis………………………………..04

Daily Basis Maintenance Testing And Checking………………………………………..05

Annual Transformer Maintenance Schedule………………………………………….…06

Transformer Maintenance On A Half Yearly Basis………………………………….….07

Maintenance of Current Transformer…………………………………………………....07

Maintenance In Energized Condition……………………………………………………10

Maintenance in de-energized condition………………………………………………….11

Function of transformer protective equipment…………………………………………..12

Bushings and joints………………………………………………………………………13

Off-Circuit Tap Changer…………………………………………………………………14

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….….....14

Reference……………………………………………………………………………........14
INTRODUCTION

A transformer is one of the most common devices found in electrical system that
links the circuits which are operating at different voltages .These are commonly
used in applications where there is a need of AC voltage conversion from one
voltage level to another.

Electrical transformers are an expensive and important part of any machinery. So

for getting optimal performance and increased product life, it is best to conduct
regular maintenance checkups on your machinery.

There are basically two types of transformer maintenance. One is done on a

regular basis and the other is done at the time of urgency. If maintenance
checkups are done on a routine basis then you may not have to undergo
breakdown maintenance and hence save downtime.
There are a lot of different types of maintenance checks to be conducted on a
power transformer. Here are some of the main transformer maintenance actions
that have to be performed:

TESTING IS CARRIED OUT AS PER IS-2026.

• Measurement of winding resistance

• Measurement of insulation resistance
• Seperate source voltage withstand test (High Voltage tests on HV & LV)
• Induced Over voltage Withstand test (DVDF test)
• Measurement of voltage ratio
• Measurement of no load loss & current.
• Measurement of load loss & impedence.(efficiency & regulation)
• Vector Group Verification
• Oil BDV test.
• Test on OLTC (if Attached)

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE OF TRANSFORMER

Transformer Maintenance Checks on a Monthly Basis
1. Oil level in the oil cap must be checked on a monthly basis so that it doesn’t
drop below a fixed limit and hence avoid damage due to it.
2. Keep the breathing holes in the silica gel breather clean to ensure proper
breathing action at all times.
3. If your electrical transformer has oil filling bushing, make sure that the oil
is filled up to the correct level.

Daily Basis Maintenance Testing and Checking

Here are 3 maintenance tests you should run on your transformer on a daily basis:

1. Oil levels of MOG( Magnetic Oil Gauge) of the main tank and conservator
tank. Always maintain to keep oil filled up to the desired level in MOG.
2. Replace the silica gel if its color changes to pink.
3. If any leakage is detected seal it.

Annual Transformer Maintenance Schedule

The air fans, oil pumps along with other items that are used to cool down a
transformer and control circuit must be inspected annually.

➢ Make sure that you clean all the bushings of your electrical transformer
with only soft cotton cloth annually.
➢ Oil condition of OLTC should be carefully examined on an annual basis.
For that take an oil sample from drain valve and test it for moisture content
(PPM) and dielectric strength (BDV). If the BDV value is found low and
the PPM value high, then the oil needs to be replaced.
➢ Make sure to clean out the inside of all of the marshalling boxes annually.
Check proper functioning of the space and illumination heaters. All of the
terminal connections of control and relay wiring need to be tightened at
least once a year.
➢ All the control switches, alarms and relays along with their circuits,
Remote Tap Changer Control Panel and Relay and Control Panel have to
be cleaned with a proper cleaning agent.
➢ Examine all the pockets for the Winding Temperature Indicator and Oil
Temperature Indicator if they have the necessary level of oil and make sure
to top it up if required.
➢ The proper function of Buchholz and Press Release Device relay need to
be checked on a yearly basis.
➢ Make sure to measure the resistive value of the earth connection and rizer
should be measured annually with a clamp on the earth resistance meter.
Transformer Maintenance on a Half Yearly Basis
Your electrical transformer needs to be checked every 6 months for IFT, DDA,
flash point, sludge content, acidity, water content and dielectric strength along
with how resistant it is to transformer oil.

Maintenance of Current Transformer

A current transformer is a vital part of any equipment installed in an electrical
substation for protection purposes as well as for electrical measurement.
Insulation resistance of the CT has to be checked on an annual basis.

1. Thermo vision scanning of primary terminals and the top dome of a live
CT must be conducted on an annual basis.
2. All CT secondary connections should be examined, cleaned and tightened
each year to ensure that the secondary currents have the lowest resistance
path.
 There are some other maintenance of Current Transformer which to be
performed in half yearly basis, such as,

1. The porcelain housing of CTs should be checked for hire crack if any crack
is observed on insulator, necessary advice to be obtained from
manufacturer.
2. The porcelain insulator housing of current transformer, to be cleaned
properly by cotton clothes

Annual maintenance of voltage transformers or capacitor

voltage transformers

• The porcelain cover must be cleaned with cotton clothing.

• The spark gap assembly will be checked annually. Remove the movable part of
the spark gap when assembling, clean the braes electrode with sandpaper, and fix
it back in place.
• High-frequency grounding point should be visually checked annually in case the
issue is not used for PLCC.
• Thermal vision cameras are used to check any hot spots in capacitor stacks to
ensure professional rectifying action.
• Terminal connections PT junction box consists of ground connections tested for
tightness once a year. Besides, the PT junction box must also be properly cleaned
once a year.
• The condition of all gasket joints should also be visually checked and replaced
if damaged seals are found.

Maintenance & Repairs in workshop

More comprehensive repairs that cannot be executed onsite are
performed in our workshops:

• Full electrical test of transformer

• Full revision (refurbishment)
• Repair of hair cracks and corona traces on cast resin transformers
• Repair of HV/LV windings
• Repair/renewal of damaged connections
• Re-clamping of the winding
• Drying of active part
• Changing/repairing of tap changers and insulators
• Full blasting and painting of reservoir
• FAT (Factory Acceptance Test) + report

MAINTENANCE IN ENERGIZED CONDITION

For personal safety reasons, only a limited amount of maintenance activities
should be performed on the transformer when it is in operation.

When necessary safety precautions have been taken the following maintenance
can be done in energised condition:

1. Inspection for leakages, cracks in porcelain bushings, check of auxiliary

equipment etc.
2. Check drying material in the dehydrating breather (conservator type only).
3. Measurement of temperatures of joints, bushings etc. by using a heat
sensitive camera.
4. Oil samples (conservator type only).
Maintenance in de-energized condition
Before starting maintenance work, the transformer has to be disconnected from
the network and earthed. When the circuit breaker and the isolator have been
opened, they shall be locked in open position to prevent inadvertently closing
during maintenance work.

Items to be considered are:

• Bushing gaskets; if leaks occur, tightening usually will help, if the gasket
has lost its elasticity, it must be replaced. The reason for loss of elasticity
could be excessive heating or aging,
• Cover gaskets, valves and gaskets of the tap changer. If there are leakages,
bolt tightening will often help,
• Welded joints. Leaking joints can be repaired only by welding.
A skilled welder and a welding instruction are required.
• Cleaning contaminated bushings (cleaning agent e.g. methylated spirit),
• Cleaning glasses on gas relay, thermometer and liquid level indicator,
• Functional inspection and testing of applicable accessories,
 • Move tap changer through all positions a few times, all types of tap
changers,
• Liquid sampling from bottom drain valve for larger units as required,
• Check drying material in the dehydrating breather. (Conservator type
only),
• Amend surface treatment defects,
• Oil and insulation maintenance, drying and reclaiming,
• Tap-changer maintenance,
• Inspection and maintenance on the active part should not be performed
unless there are unambiguous indications of defects.

Function of transformer protective equipment

Operation of some protective equipment such as gas relay or differential
relay does not always mean that the transformer is damaged. The gas relay can
operate for example when: An air bubble has been left under the transformer
cover. An air bubble is colourless and odourless.

A short-circuit current has passed the transformer. No gas bubbles. However if

the gas has colour or smell, the transformer is damaged.

Function of transformer protective equipment

Operation of some protective equipment such as gas relay or differential
relay does not always mean that the transformer is damaged. The gas relay can operate
for example when: An air bubble has been left under the transformer cover. An
air bubble is colourless and odourless.

A short-circuit current has passed the transformer. No gas bubbles. However if

the gas has colour or smell, the transformer is damaged.

Bushings and joints

The porcelain insulators of transformer bushings ought to be cleaned during
service interruptions as often as necessary. This is particularly important for
places exposed to contamination and moisture.
Methylated spirit or easily evaporating cleaning agents can be used for
cleaning.

The condition of external conductor and bus bar joints of transformer bushings
shall be checked at regular intervals because reduced contact pressure in the
joints leads to overheated bushings etc. and may cause the adjacent gasket to
be destroyed by the heat.

A heat sensitive camera can be used to check the temperatures in joints, bushings
etc.
OFF-CIRCUIT TAP CHANGER
The transformation ratio can be adjusted with an off-circuit tap changer when
the transformer is not energised.

The control shaft of the off-circuit tap changer is brought through the cover or
the tank wall. The shaft end is provided with a handle, position indicator and
locking device. When the tap changer is turned the locking device must be
secured, because that assures that the off-circuit tap changer has been set to
operating position

CONCLUSION
From Above Information We Have Learned About How To Do Maintenance Of
Various Types Of Transformer

REFERENCES www.google.co.in
www.slideshare.net

THANK YOU