INTRODUCTION

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON RESPIRATION

PULMONARY VENTILATION
DIFFUSING CAPACITY FOR oXYGEN
CONSUMPTION OF OXYGEN
OXYGEN DEBT
Vo,Vo, MAX
RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT

INTRODUCTION 4. Body temperature.

5. Acidosis.
Muscular exercise brings about a lot of changes on vari-
ous systems of the body. Degree of changes depends 1. Higher Centers
exercise. Refer Chapter 114 for increase during the
onset
upon the severity of Rate and depth of respiration
types and severity of exercise. the e x e r Cise
of exercise. Sometimes, before starting i n c r e ases
of exercise
RESPIRATION even the thought or anticipation
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON is a psychic phe
the rate and force of respiration. It
activation of higher centers
like
EFFECT ON PULMONARYVENTILATION n o m e n o n due to the

cortex and motor cortex of brain. Higher

cen-
air that enters Sylvian
ventilation is the amount of by
Pulmonary
minute. It is the product of
tidal ters, in turn accelerate the respiratory processes
and leaves the lungs in 1 stimulating respiratory centers.
about 6 L/min, with a
volume and respiratory rate. It is
rate of 12
normal tidal volume of 500 mL and respiratory
2. Chemoreceptors
per minute.
(increase in rate Chemoreceptors which are stimulated by exercise-
During exercise, hyperventilation moderate exercise, induced hypoxia and hypercapnia send impulses to the
occurs. In
and force of respiration)
about 30 per minute and respiratory centers. Respiratory centers, in turn increase
respiratoryrate increases to
the pul-
about 2,000 mL. Thus, the rate and force of respiration. Chemoreceptors are
tidal volume increases to
L/min during described in detail in Chapter 123
increases to about 60
monary ventilation it rises
moderate exercise. In severe muscular exercise,
L/min. 3. Proprioceptors
still further up to 100
Proprioceptors, which are activated during
Factors increasing pulmonary exercise
ventilation during exercise send impulses to cerebral cortex through the somatic
afferent nerves. Cerebral cortex, in turn causes hyper-
1 Higher centers ventilation by sending impulses to the medullary respi
2 Chemoreceptors ratory centers. Reter Chapter 153 for proprioceptors
3Proprioceptors

4. Body Temperature
Body temperature which increases
increases the ventilation by muscular activity,
centers. by stimulating the respiratory
5. Acidosis
Acidosis developed during exercise also stimulates
respiratory centers, resulting in hyperventilation.
EFFECT ON DIFFUSING
CAPACITY FOR OXYGEN
Diffusing capacity for oxygen is about 21 mL/min at rest-
ing condition.It rises to 45 to 50 mL/min
during moder-
ate exercise because of increased
blood flow
pulmonary capillaries.
EFFECT ON CONSUMPTION OF OXYGEN
Oxygen consumed by the tissues, particularly the skel-
etal muscles is greatly enhanced
during exercise. Be-
cause of vasodilatation in muscles
during exercise,
more amount of blood flows through the muscles and
more amount of oxygen diffuses into the muscles from
blood. The amount of oxygen utilized by the muscles is
directly proportional to the amount of oxygen available.
EFFECT ON OXYGEN DEBT
Oxygen debt is the extra ameunt of oxyeen TOqired
by the muscles during recovery fron severe mueculsr
exercise. After a period of severe muscutar exero3,
amountofoxygen consumedisgreatly increas6d. Uxygen
Chapter 129 Effects of Exercise on Respiration 783
required is more than the quantity available to the
muscle. This much of oxygen is required not only for
the activity of the muscle but also for reversal of somee
metabolic processes such as:
1. Reformation of glucose from lactic acid, accumu-
lated during exercise.
2. Resynthesis of ATP and creatine phosphate.
3. Restoration of amount of oxygen dissociated from
the
hemoglobin and myoglobin.
an extra
Thus, for the above reversal phenomena,
amount of oxygen must be made available in the body
after severe muscular exercise. Oxygen debt is about
six times more than the amount of oxygen consumed
under resting conditions.
through
EFFECT ON VO, MAX
Vo, max is the amount of oxygen consumed under
maximal aerobic metabolism. It is the product of maxi-
mal cardiac output and maximal amount of oxygen con-
sumed by the muscle.
In a normal active and healthy male, the VO, max is
35 to 40 mL/kg body weight per minute. In females, it is
30 to 35 mL/kg body weight per minute. During exercise,
VO, max increases by 50%.
EFFECT ON RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT
Respiratory quotient is the molar ratio of carbon dioxide
production to oxygen consumption. Refer Chapter 121
for details.
Respiratory quotient in resting condition is 1.0 and
Guring exercise it increases to 1.5 to 2. However, at the
end of exercise, the respiratory quotient reduces to 0.5