Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 - Acids, Bases and Salts
2 - Acids, Bases and Salts
ans. the sour and bitter tastes of food are due to acids and bases, respectively,
present in them.
Q.3 what will be the colour when litmus, turmeric, phenolphthalein and methyl
orange are kept in acids, bases or water?
ans.
LITMU TURMERIC PHENOLPHTA METHYL
S LEIN ORANGE
ACID RED YELLOW COLOURLESS RED
BASE BLUE REDDISH PINK YELLOW
BROWN
WATE PURPL YELLOW COLOURLESS ORANGE
R E
Q.5 what happens when to the stain of yellow curry on a white cloth when the
cloth is scrubbed with soap? what happens when it is washed with plenty of water?
ans. - the stain of yellow curry on a white cloth becomes reddish-brown when soap,
which is basic in nature, is scrubbed on it, as bases turn turmeric reddish brown.
-it again turns yellow when the cloth is washed with plenty of water, as the
soap gets washed away.
Q.9 how do metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acids?
ans. metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acids to form
corresponding salt, carbon dioxide and water.
Q.10 what is neutralisation reaction?
ans. the reaction between an acid and a base to give a salt and water is known as
neutralisation reaction.
Q.11 what physical change is observed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to
copper oxide? what are the products formed?
ans. -the colour of the solution becomes blue-green and the copper oxide dissolves.
- the products formed are copper(II) chloride (blue-green) and water.
Q.14 what happens when carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide?
ans. carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate and
water.
Q.15 give a general equation for the reaction of a non-metallic oxide with base.
ans. non-metallic oxide + base ----> salt + water.
Q.17 which gas is generally liberated when acids react with metals?
Ans. hydrogen
Q.18 are all compounds having hydrogen acidic? How can you prove?
ans. - no, all compounds having hydrogen are not acidic.
- To prove this, pass electric current through the solution of the given
compound. Complete the circuit with a bulb. If the bulb glows then the
substance is acidic.
- This is because acids are ionic compounds where H+ is the cation. So acids
conduct electricity. But substances such as glucose, alcohol, etc don’t
conduct electricity. So they are not acids.
Q.19 do acids produce ions only in aqueous solution? If yes, why? If no, why not?
ans. -yes, acids produce ions only in aqueous solution.
- This is because in the aqueous solution, the water molecules dissociate the
hydrogen (H+) ions to form hydronium (H3O+) ions, giving out the anion
of the corresponding substance.
- This ionisation is not possible in the absence of water.
Q.21 do bases produce ions only in aqueous solution? If yes, why? If no, why not?
ans. -yes, bases produce ions only in aqueous solution.
- This is because in the aqueous solution, the water molecules dissociate the
hydroxide (OH ) ־ions.
- This ionisation is not possible in the absence of water.
Q.24 why is acid added to water during dilution, and not the vice-versa?
ans. - the reaction of acid and water is highly exothermic.
- If water is added to the acid, the heat produce on the surface may cause the
mixture to splash out and cause burns. The glass container may also break
due to excessive local heating.
- But when acid is added to water, the heat gets uniformly distributed in the
water, and the heat per volume decreases. So always acid is added to
water, and not the vice-versa.
Q.33 what is the pH of gastric juice, lemon juice, pure water, blood, milk of
magnesia and sodium hydroxide?
ans.
substance pH colour of pH paper
gastric juice 1.2 red
lemon juice 2.2 dark orange
pure water 7.4 green
blood 7,4 green
milk of magnesia 10 greenish blue
sodium hydroxide 14 dark blue
Q.40 why does it pain when a bee stings? How can we get relief from it?
ans. - bee-sting leaves an acid which causes pain and irritation.
- Use of a mild base like baking soda on the stung area gives relief.
Q. 44 which salts are acidic, which are basic and which are neutral? Give examples.
ans. 1) salts of a strong acid and a strong base are neutral. e.g., sodium chloride
2) Salts of a strong acid and a weak base are acidic. e.g., calcium chloride.
3) Salts of a weak acid and a strong base are basic. e.g., sodium carbonate.
Q. 52 which gas is given off at anode and which is given off at cathode in the chlor-
alkali process? Where is sodium hydroxide solution formed?
ans. -chlorine gas is given off at the anode, and hydrogen gas at the cathode.
-sodium hydroxide solution is formed near the cathode.
Q. 53 what are the uses of the products formed in the chlor alkali process?
ans. 1) hydrogen is used in fuels, margarine, ammonia for fertilisers.
2) Chlorine is used for water treatment, in swimming pools, PVC,
disinfectants, CFCs, and pesticides.
3) Sodium hydroxide is used in de-greasing metals, soaps and detergents,
paper making, artificial fibres, etc.
4) Hydrochloric acid formed by the combination of hydrogen and chlorine gas
is used for cleaning steel, in ammonium chloride, medicines, and cosmetics.
5) Bleach prepared from chlorine and sodium hydroxide is used for household
bleaches, bleaching fabric, etc.
Q. 65 what is gypsum?
Ans. gypsum is the crystalline form of calcium sulphate containing 2 water
molecules as water of crystallisation.