PETRONAS TOWER AND RITZ

TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO :
SHRUTI VERMA
AR. SHIKHA AGGARWAL
1731685
8th SEMESTER
PETRONAS TOWER
• LOCATION: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

• ARCHITECT : Cesar Pelli

• YEAR(S) OF DESIGN:1991

• Year(s) of construction :1998

• Height :427 m

• Floors :88

• Parking : The towers have 5 underground levels of

parking for 5,400 vehicles

PETRONAS TOWER
• The twin Towers were the world's tallest buildings, before
being surpassed by the Taipei 101.

• However, the towers are still the tallest twin buildings

and office building in the world.

DESIGN CONCEPT

PETRONAS TOWER
• Program

• Offices: twin towers, Total gross area: 1,366,714 square meters.

• Retail: a multi‐level retail centre, Total gross area 699,654 sq mtr.

• Hotel: a 1,800‐room convention hotel and conference centre.

• Total gross area: 491,289 square meters.

• Parking: integrated parking for 6,650 cars.

Design Development
• The design of the towers responds to its climate and to
formal characteristics of the dominant Islamic culture.
• The towers are figurative and symmetrical and create a
figurative space between them.
• Towers are tapered and set back five times in its ascent.
• The 88‐floor towers are constructed largely of reinforced

PETRONAS TOWER
concrete, with a steel and glass façade designed to
resemble motifs found in Islamic art.
DESIGNDEVELOPMENT

FLOORPLATEDESIGN:
Is based on simple Islamic geometric forms of two
interlocking squares creating a shape of
eight‐pointedstars.

Upon the eight‐pointed stars, are eight superimposed

semi‐circles softening theinner angles.

These semicircles are themselves anchored by the arcs of

themain structuralcolumnsofthe buildings.

PETRONAS TOWER
The semi‐circles were superimposed inthe inner angles
of the interlocked squares to create more usable floor
space.
TOWER FACT
• Tower One: Petronas Headquarters’ offices.
• Tower Two: Mostly private tenants, KLCC Holdings’ offices, some
vacant areas for rent.
• Height of each tower: 452 meters above street level
• Length of Skybridge: 58.4 meters
• Height of Skybridge : 170 meters.
• The Skybridge is on Level 41.
• Height of each pinnacle: 73.5 meters
• Elevators: 29 double-decker high speed passenger lifts in each tower
• Escalators: 10 in each tower

MATERIALS:
• More than 60 per cent of the materials used in the project were sourced
locally.

PETRONAS TOWER
• The Petronas Towers development marked the first use of high-strength
concrete in Malaysia by local industry, at relatively economic cost.
• Local materials such as Malaysian wood, Terengganu granite, marble
and glass were extensively used.
• The components of the stainless-steel cladding and vision-glass curtain
walls were fabricated locally in Malaysia by a US firm.
 ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER:
• The early scheme for the tower design called for a twelve-
pointed-star floor plan, but this was changed to an eight-
pointed-star floor plan when the prime minister observed
that the former geometry was more Arabic than Malaysian.
• The client decided to add a concert hall to the project on a
third level between the two towers.
• The main entrance to the tower complex and the central
lobby were totally redesigned.

Geometry is used as the main concept of ENTRANCE

the design of Petronas Twin Towers.
• This design means:-
• Unity
• Harmony
• Stability

PETRONAS TOWER
• Rationality

SKY BR
PLAN OF THE BUILDING:

PETRONAS TOWER
up to 43th floor above 43th floor
PLAN OF THE BUILDING:

PETRONAS TOWER
 CONSTRUCTION

PETRONAS TOWER
ISSUES WHILE CONSTRUCTUON
• ISSUE ONE – THE FOUNDATION SLAB
If the concrete dried unevenly, the slab would
crack,
thus seriously weaken the ability to support the
building above. Therefore, they decided to pour
the concrete all at the once, scheduling concrete
trucks to arrive every 2,5 minutes for 52 hours,
without a break
ISSUE TWO – THE WEATHER
The Malaysian weather is
susceptible to torrential
rain, this is also problematic to the
slab, as the concrete can get too
wet, and become ruined. They
covered the entire slab with canvas,
the equivalent to 56 circus tents
PETRONAS TOWER
 STRUCTURE
CLADDING
• A total of 83,500sq m of stainless steel extrusions &
55,000sq m of laminated glass were used to clad
the walls and which was that of a "multi-faceted
diamond sparkling in the sun."
• Designed as a curtain wall exterior, the cladding
comprised 33,000 panels in all; each panel is as high as
one floor and spans ledge to ledge.
• Laminated glass was preferred for its safety, sound
insulation, durability and solar energy control. It
also screens out most ultra-violet rays, hence protecting
the interior from sun damage. Like the typical floors,
cladding was constructed using the four-day cycle
system. All panels were interlocked and placed in a
down-upwards position
• SKY BRIDGE
• Weighing 750 tons, the double-decker
skybridge acts as the connector between
the two towers on the Level 41 and 42.
• Interestingly, the skybridge is not fully
attached to the main building – engineers
deliberately designed the skybridge this
way to give allowance for small movements
during high winds and other unpleasant
weathers.
• This prevents the bridge from breaking
away from the towers. The bridge
measures 170m (558 ft) above the
ground and 58.4m (192 ft) long.
PETRONAS TOWER
 STRUCTURE
PINNACLE
• Each tower crowned by- 73 m tapering top • The crowning glory to the twin towers were
• Accommodates – building maintenance the pair of 73.5m-high steel pinnacles that
• Machine , aviation lighting and lighting would propel the towers to fame as the
Protection world's tallest building.
• Due to steep sloping column
• Concrete construction impractical
• Steel used throughout
• Lower pinnacle- 8 structural steel frames
• Upper pinnacle – single mast of tapering
Circular

PETRONAS TOWER
BUILDING GEOMETRY A VIEW FROM SPIRE

PETRONAS TOWER
RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE
• A residential skyscraper in New York city.

• Originally proposed to be 1,300 feet (396.2

meters) in 2011, the structure topped out at
1,396 ft (425.5 m).

• Second-tallest building in New York

city after one world trade center and the

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

fifteenth tallest building in the world.

• Construction began in 2012 and was

completed on December 23, 2015.

• Apparently the top three floors are a

single penthouse.

• The slim and elegant square tower will

ascend 96 storeys and will be constructed
using architectural concrete, steel, and
glass.
• In the tradition of New York City’s finest
apartment houses and hotels, residents will
enjoy 30,000 square feet of amenities
including a private restaurant, outdoor
garden for dining and events, spa and fitness
centre with sauna, steam and massage
rooms, 75-foot swimming pool, library,
lounge, billiards room, screening room and
performance venue, children’s playroom,
and boardroom.

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

• 432 Park Avenue distinguishes itself not through
extravagance or ornamentation but through
its astonishing slenderness and simplicity of design.

• Exceptionally rational, the tower marks its presence firmly

on the Midtown skyline through its monolithic yet delicate
appearance.
• Its extreme aspect ratio, achievable only through
innovations in structural design, establishes
an impactful presence for both building occupants and
urban dwellers, while offering a pioneering
solution for building tall on a particularly small plot.
DESIGN
• The design of the structure was conceived
by architect Rafael Viñoly

• Design was inspired by a trash can

designed in 1905 by an Austrian designer.

• Interiors are designed by Deborah

Berke and the firm Bentel & Bentel.

• To support its thin orthogonal frame, the

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

structure features larger columns at its
base than on the upper floors.

• The tower has eighty-four 8,255-squarefoot

(766.9 m2) stories.

APARTMENTS AND AMENITIES :

• The tower's condominium units feature high ceilings, and range from a 351-squarefoot
(32.6 m2) studio to an 8,255-square-foot (766.9 m2), six-bedroom, seven-bath
penthouse with a library.

• The building's amenities include 12-foot (3.7 m) golf training facilities and private
dining and screening rooms
 PLAN
Typical Floor Plan

The main architectural attributes

of 432 Park Avenue are symmetry
and simplicity. The regular
15.5-foot by 15.5-foot grid defined
by exposed structural members
is perfectly matched by large
squared glass windows, which
allow for amazing views of

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

Manhattan.
 PLAN
Full Floor Penthouse Plan
The aesthetics of the project rely on
clean lines and regularity as opposed
to the frills found in modern structures.
It was only natural for the building
to be capped by a flat roof.
Nonetheless, the regularity and
simplicity of the architectural
intent coexist in juxtaposition

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

of a complex structural solution
involving a series of two-story
open mechanical floors, outriggers,
core shear walls, and tuned mass
dampers.
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
• It is the tallest residential structural concrete
building .
• The building consist of two structural tubes.
• Its size and shape are dictated by the unique high-density
requirements of the site and the surrounding area.
• As a result, its height and slenderness push the skyscraper
typology to new extremes with a 1:15 slenderness ratio.
• Simplicity is the defining trait of 432 Park Avenue.
• With a series of large glass windows set in a regular
grid of exposed concrete members, the building offers a

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

clean, rational
exterior, rising out of the ground as a singular, white
monolith.
• A flat roof neatly caps the rectangular structure.
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
• The straight, clean lines of the building’s façade
simultaneously manage to evoke a modern aesthetic, while also
reflecting Manhattan’s orderly street grid below.
• Each floor incorporates 24 large, squareshaped windows
that add visual weight to the structure, creating a sense of
stability despite its slende Ar frame.
• The oversized, 9.2-square-meter (99- square-foot)
windows also benefit residents with ample amounts of
light and uncontested views.
• The gridded window scheme forms the exoskeleton of the

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

building and bears structural loads, thus no interior
columns are needed between the elevator core’s shear walls and
the façade of the building.
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
• the tower appears simply as a vertically
extruded rectangular form, there are actually several
two-story “void” levels that help provide stability
against lateral forces.

• As a result, 432 Park Avenue can actually be

considered as six independent buildings stacked on
top of each other, with void levels breaking up the
massing.

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

• The void levels not only provide an aesthetic
element to the design by adding visually pleasing
disruptions to the façade, but also allow air to pass
through the building.

• This increases lateral stability on the tower in

tandem with a tuned mass damper at the top of the
tower, and also mitigates the “vortex shedding”
phenomenon that develops in buildings with 90-
degree corners.

•Within the voids, the exposed core of the tower –

curvilinear in form – breaks up the angular massing
of the tower, thus adding another element of
protection against vortex shedding.
STRUCTURE SYSTEM
• The lowest section of the tower is totally devoted to the amenities provided exclusively for
the residents: staff accommodations, conference facilities such as a meeting room and a
screening room, a fully-equipped restaurant opening to a garden terrace overlooking 57th Street, health
and spa facilities including a fitness center and swimming pool, independent storage
spaces, wine cellars, and a sub-grade parking garage.

• At the base, the building meets theground creating a landscaped public space that extends
the feeling of openness of Park Avenue onto 56th Street

• All services and delivery accesses are independently located to the east side of the tower.

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

BUILDING MATERIALS
• Structural Material – Concrete
Exterior faces consist of white concrete columns and
horizontal spandrel beams with 10’ x 10’ windows.
• Cement – Portland Cement
• The building consists of a concrete core of architectural
concrete surrounding a steel skeleton within and
clad with curtain of glass.
• The exterior faces of the building feature
cast-in-place concrete made with white
Portland cement.

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

• The decision to use #20 grade 97 rebar for
vertical reinforcement reduced congestion
and was cost productive.
BUILDING MATERIALS

• optimizing the use of Supplementary cementitious

materials along with portland cement and
chemical admixtures have enabled very high strengths to be
achieved.
• High strength concrete was once described as meeting a
8,000 psi strength threshold
• Different combinations of our slag and cement were tried
for optimum performance. These high

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

strength mixes now have enabled the successful
construction.
• Interior finishes include 12.5-foot finished ceilings,
solid oak flooring, custom hardware, and
the highest quality natural materials.
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
• In the center of the building we have a square that is
about 30 feet by 30 feet that is housing the
elevator, the stairs, and all the mechanical services
[like] the air, the electricity, the plumbing.
• This core is a box [that is] surrounded by thick
walls that are 30 inches made out of concrete and
with reinforcing inside.
• It's a very robust element that is like the backbone of the
body.

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

• The Vertical Alignment System is used in
construction of building.
 INTERIORS

RITZ TOWER 465 PARK AVENUE

VEDIOS LINK
https://youtu.be/g3kj-kJwQk0
https://youtu.be/_TH0bEJvY4A