06-10-2021

Physics
Communication and Medical industry

Technology has changed a lot, in 19’s there were letters, telephones, and
typewriter. But now there is Internet, smartphones, and laptops. Technology
always changes as we go through the time period.

COMMUNICATION 

As I said there was a huge change through telephones and smart phones.
Telephones has a base which connects the telephone to an electric
current through a wire. When the caller speaks into a telephone, the microphone
changes the sound of the person's voice into an electric signal. When the signal
reaches the telephone at the other end, its loudspeaker changes it back into the
sound of the caller's voice. This is how telephones work.
But smart phones are not like that, they have touch screens, they have
applications and a lot of stuff that telephones can’t do. Basically, smartphone is
a mini radio that is constantly on the receiving end of other signals. The cell
phone networks are separated into different cells. Each of the different cells
have antenna signals that send out cell phone signals to all of the phones in a
certain area. Next comes the hardware on the phone. Touchscreen’s work using
electricity. The conducting layer is connected to a low voltage so that for a short
time, there is a tiny electric current on the screen. This leaves it with a small
electric charge. When your finger touches the screen, some of the small
electrical charge flows on to it.

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Smart phone also has the ability to video call a person. Once digitally
compressed, the video and audio data can be transmitted over a digital network.
In most cases, a broadband Internet connection is the preferred network. Data is
sent to the other participant's video conferencing system and then decompressed
and translated back into analog video images and audio sounds.

This is how communication is been done. But we need signals to video call or
even phone call a person. 3G, 4G and 5G helps like signals where G stands for
generation. 4G is more spectrally efficient than 3G, just as 5G is more spectrally
efficient than 4G. Each generation delivers more data per hertz than the
previous one. 3G works at frequencies up to 2.1Gigahertz, 4G up to
2.5Gigahertz and 5G can be up to 95 Gigahertz. That is why there is a lot of

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hype around 5G. As per

surveys 5G is the best
because with 5G reaching 10 gigabits per second – up to 100 times faster than
4G – 5G networks can deliver the level of performance needed for an
increasingly connected society, and also downloading a high-definition film
over a 4G network, for example, takes 50 minutes on average – on 5G, it takes
just nine.

Medical 

As we know technology is developing a lot in medical fields like scanning,

MRI, Ultrasound, Laparoscopy, and laser treatment.

Medical field has extensive use of different scanning like X-rays, CT, MRI and
Ultrasound. These techniques are quite useful for providing information on the
internal organs. However, there is a gap for obtaining information of the outer
body parts which can now be taken care by 3D Scanning technologies.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a type of scan that uses strong magnetic

fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body. An
MRI scanner is a large tube that contains powerful magnets. You lie inside the
tube during the scan.

An ultrasound scan, sometimes called a sonogram, is a procedure that uses

high-frequency sound waves to create an image of part of the inside of the body.
An ultrasound scan can be used to monitor an unborn baby, diagnose a
condition, or guide a surgeon during certain procedures.

A laparoscopy is a type of surgery that checks for problems in the abdomen or a
woman's reproductive system. Laparoscopic surgery uses a thin tube called a
laparoscope. It is inserted into the abdomen through a small incision. An

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incision is a small a cut

made through the skin
during surgery.

Laser resurfacing can decrease the appearance of fine lines in the face. It can
also treat loss of skin tone and improve your complexion if you have scars or
sun damage. Laser resurfacing can't eliminate excessive or sagging skin.

Types of laser treatment

 CO2 Lasers.
 Erbium Lasers.
 Pulsed-Dye Lasers.
 Fractional Lasers.
 IPL (intense pulsed light)

In 2050 there will be more advanced technology and also the technology will
make the treatments safer and better with no pain. There will be robotic
surgery. The communication may be even better like these days there is 5G
maybe there will be 6G or 7G. There are watches coming up to communicate
and watches to be used like phones which has applications and they will be
touch screen too. Technology never ends.

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