TOPIC 7: RESPIRATION, MUSCLES AND THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 7A: Cellular respiration

1 Which of the following statements describe some features of a mitochondrion?

(1)
1 Cristae are an extension of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
2 Electrons accumulate in the intermembrane space.
3 Proteins of the electron transport chain are components of the inner
mitochondrial membrane.

A 1 and 2 only
B 2 and 3 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

Your answer
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 Which category of enzymes catalyses the formation of ATP molecules?

(1)
A Proteases
B Dehydrogenases
C Synthases
D Decarboxylases

Your answer
(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

3 The diagram below summarises the sequence of initial reactions of glycolysis.

(a) State which categories of substances ‘hexose molecules’ refer to in the

diagram.
(1)
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 (b) State the type of reaction that converts ATP to ADP + Pi.
(1)
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(c) Explain why the conversion of hexose molecules to glycerate 3-phosphate

requires the conversion of molecules of ATP to ADP + Pi.
(2)
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(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)

4 Later in glycolysis, different reactions break down each molecule of

glycerate 3-phosphate to two molecules of pyruvate.
(a) State the net yield of ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose.
Show how you worked out your answer.
(2)
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(b) In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis is the only source of ATP. Explain why so
much more ATP can be produced in aerobic conditions.
(3)
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(c) During the reactions of glycolysis, molecules of reduced NAD (NADH) are
produced. Explain how.
(2)
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(d) NAD is regenerated by muscle tissue during vigorous exercise. Explain
how.

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 (2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 9 marks)

5 Glycerate 3-phosphate is involved in the light-independent reactions of

photosynthesis as well as in glycolysis.
(a) Compare and contrast the role of glycerate 3-phosphate in the
light-independent reactions of photosynthesis with its role in glycolysis.
(4)
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(b) Suggest an explanation for the importance to the cell of glycerate

3-phosphate being present in each process.
(1)
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(Total for Question 5 = 5 marks)

TOTAL FOR ASSESSMENT = 20 MARKS

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
This document may have been altered from the original.