SUMMARY

In Pakistan the sustainability of conventional flooded rice is threatened by diminishing

resources of water labour and energy so anaerobic rice system is introduced by some
researchers this system includes less water consumption’s. It is one of the best technology
used now-a-days by some farmers because of great potential to improve resource use
efficiency. System is introduced because of threatened resources i.e water scarcity, low land
area and unskilled labour. In Pakistan rice is grown under diverse conditions that are
categorised into four ecological zones. And Punjab is the most popular and agriculturally
productive province in Pakistan this province is selected for the study because a large
amount of the Pakistan rice is produced in this province are 67%.
After collection of data by questionnaire and analysed by descriptive statistics. More than
half of the respondents have not hear about the ARS and 73% from Group 2 and 3 were
open to experimenting. One of the major fact is unawareness of farmers because some
farmers does not familiar with ARS. To aware the farmer first described basic characteristics
of how this crop is grown and what conditions are needed for this system. Across three
groups farmers perceived ARS as a means of increasing resource use efficiency particularly
for labour, net profitability, and an option for crop diversification in the mixed cropping
system. Farmers are also aware of associated management problems in ARS such as weed
infestation, diseases and spikelet sterility. Farmers use herbicides for weed control.
But assumptions about positive and negative attributes of ARS is fairly similar among
farmers. The most often positive attribute is reduced labour followed by water saving
system. The reason for the repeat plantings were ease of operation due to direct seeding
instead of labourers bottling and transplanting activities, good income, low input
requirement especially for labour and improved physical conditions of the soil .
The basic aim of our study of farmer perception was to identify incentives and barriers that
might lead to adoption, non-adoption or dis-adoption of ARS. it is evident from results of
farmers that there is awareness to some extent about ARS farmers expressed keen interest
in trailing it. Extension activities such as foreign meetings, group discussions, training
activities, demonstration plants and media outreach programme should accelerate their
efforts to raise awareness.
The ARS is suitable for irrigated areas and lowland areas facing either physical or economic
water scarcity. Labour shortage is no.1 perspective in the research and water saving is at
no.2 which means ARS system covers the both problems and is very efficient and effective
for the farmers.
Fakhar e Alam
2018-ag-8546