Grade 12 Beginning-of-Year Test

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Grade 12 Beginning-of-Year Test
INFORMATIONAL TEXT
from “Of Great Place,” Sir Francis Bacon
Read this opening passage from Sir Francis Bacon’s essay “Of Great Place.” Then,
answer the question(s).
(1) Men in great places1 are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state, servants of
fame, and servants of business.
(2) So as they have no freedom, neither in their persons nor in their actions nor in their
times.
(3) It is a strange desire to seek power and to lose liberty; or to seek power over others and
to lose power over a man’s self.
(4) The rising unto place is laborious, and by pains men come to greater pains; and it is
sometimes base,2 and by indignities men come to dignities.3
(5) The standing is slippery, and the regress4 is either a downfall or at least an eclipse. . . .
_______________________
1. places: offices
2. base: low; wicked
3. dignities: offices
4. regress: withdrawal
1. The following question has two parts. Answer Part A first, and then Part B.
Part A Which statement best states the claim, or main point, that Bacon builds
upon in this passage?
a. Holding high office causes people to do evil.
b. Holding high office is one of the noblest aspirations.
c. Holding high office has costs as great as any of the benefits.
d. Holding high office helps people serve others in many ways.
Part B Which excerpt from the passage best supports the answer to Part A?
a. Men in great places are thrice servants. . . . (sentence 1)
b. It is a strange desire to seek power and to lose liberty. . . . (sentence 3)
c. The rising unto place is laborious. . . . (sentence 4)
d. The standing is slippery. . . . (sentence 5)
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GRADE 12 • BEGINNING-OF-YEAR TEST
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2. Which choice best expresses the essential message of the first three sentences
of the passage?
a. To gain power over others, you have to do so many bad things that you
lose their respect.
b. If you perform evil to gain power, others may perform the same evil to
replace you.
c. Gaining high office may take great effort, but ultimately it is worth the
effort.
d. Having power over others puts you in a position with little freedom
yourself.
3. Which of the following is the best description of Bacon’s chain of reasoning in
this passage?
a. He uses a thought experiment to show that seeking "great office" is a good
way to serve others and advance one's own interests at the same time.
b. He justifies his claim that seeking "great office" is not worthwhile by
linking together examples and other evidence that support the claim.
c. He asserts the contradictions between the reasons people desire "great
office" and the actual experience of obtaining and holding such an office.
d. He offers facts to justify his claim that people who seek "great office"
should first prepare themselves for the sacrifices such an office requires.
4. What is the most likely reason that Bacon calls the desire for great place
“strange” (sentence 3)?
a. Those who seek great place are less intelligent than others.
b. Those who seek great place sacrifice as much as they gain.
c. Those who seek great place believe they will not lose their freedom.
d. Those who seek great place lack the morals that most people share.
5. What is most clearly the impact of Bacon’s use of the phrases “by pains men
come to greater pains” and “by indignities men come to dignities” (sentence 4)?
a. The use of analogy emphasizes the challenges those running for office face.
b. The use of repetition emphasizes the attractiveness of holding a high office.
c. The use of parallelism emphasizes the ironies involved in running for office.
d. The use of comparison emphasizes the similarities between officials and
other people.

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LITERARY TEXT
from The Tragedy of King Lear, William Shakespeare
Near the beginning of The Tragedy of King Lear by William Shakespeare, King Lear
disowns, or rejects, his daughter Cordelia when she does not pass his “test” of her love.
Read this scene from later in the play. Then, answer the question(s).
CORDELIA. [kneeling] Oh, look upon me, sir,
And hold your hands in benediction o’er me.
No, sir, you must not kneel!
LEAR. Pray, do not mock me.
I am a very foolish fond old man,
5 Fourscore and upward, not an hour more nor less;
And, to deal plainly,
I fear I am not in my perfect mind.
Methinks I should know you, and know this man;
Yet I am doubtful, for I am mainly ignorant
10 What place this is; and all the skill I have

Remembers not these garments, nor I know not
Where I did lodge last night. Do not laugh at me,
For, as I am a man, I think this lady
To be my child Cordelia.
CORDELIA. And so I am, I am.
15 LEAR. Be your tears wet? Yes, faith. I pray, weep not:
If you have poison for me, I will drink it.
I know you do not love me; for your sisters
Have, as I do remember, done me wrong.
You have some cause, they have not.
CORDELIA. No cause, no cause.
6. From the dialogue in the scene, what can you infer about Cordelia’s attitude
toward her father, King Lear?
a. She refuses to forgive him.
b. She loves him very much.
c. She finds him a comical figure.
d. She does not know who he is.

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7. In which way does this scene most clearly illustrate a defining element of
tragedy?
a. It depicts a noble character experiencing calamity.
b. It depicts an ambitious character punished for his striving.
c. It depicts the conflict between fate, love, and suffering.
d, It depicts characters regretting actions they have taken in the past.
8. If this excerpt were rewritten to reflect modern English usage, which words
would most likely be replaced? Choose two options.
a. benediction (line 2)
b. foolish (line 4)
c. methinks (line 8)
d, ignorant (line 9)
e. be (line 15)
f. cause (line 19)
LITERARY TEXT
from “The Tables Turned,” William Wordsworth
Read these stanzas from “The Tables Turned” by William Wordsworth. Then, answer the
question(s).
One impulse from a vernal* wood *vernal: relating to spring
May teach you more of man,
Of moral evil and of good,
Than all the sages can.
5 Sweet is the lore which Nature brings;

Our meddling intellect
Misshapes the beauteous forms of things—
We murder to dissect.
9. Which theme, or central idea, is most clearly expressed in these stanzas?
a. Nature is a better teacher of morality than the wisest people are.
b. Children can sometimes show greater wisdom than adults do.
c. People need to be less concerned with social status.
d. Human beings must protect the environment.

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10. Which emotions are conveyed by the spring-like image in line 1?
a. sorrow and despair
b. anger and defiance
c. joy and abundance
d. confusion and fear
11. Which two abstract ideas are personified, or given human qualities, in
these stanzas?
a. evil and good
b. good and nature
c. evil and intellect
d. nature and intellect
12. What assumption does Wordsworth most clearly make in these stanzas?
a. Education is the key to a happy and successful life.
b. Common sense is more important than education.
c. Human life is fleeting and must be appreciated.
d. It is important for human beings to be close to nature.
13. Consider the connotation, or emotional overtones, of the word lore in line
5. What is the most likely reason Wordsworth chooses that word instead of
another synonym, such as knowledge?
a. He wants to stress the difference between nature’s older wisdom and
science.
b. He wants to stress the awesome quality of nature’s profound teachings.
c. He wants to indicate that nature teaches its lessons only to common folk.
d. He wants to suggest that nature’s teachings are eerie and mysterious.

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14. Read the following poem, “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer” by
American poet Walt Whitman, and compare it with the Wordsworth poem.
When I heard the learn’d astronomer;
When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me;
When I was shown the charts and the diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them;
When I, sitting, heard the astronomer, where he lectured with much applause in the
lecture-room,
5 How soon, unaccountable, I became tired and sick;
Till rising and gliding out, I wander’d off by myself,
In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time,
Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.
Which theme characteristic of Romantic literature is most clearly evident in

both the Wordsworth and the Whitman poem?
a. the power of human emotion
b. the nature and uses of intuition and imagination
c. the importance of individualism and independence
d. the superiority of the natural world to human endeavor
LITERARY TEXT
from Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens
Read this passage from the novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. Then, answer the
question(s).
The members of this board were very sage, deep, philosophical men; and when they came
to turn their attention to the workhouse, they found out at once, what ordinary folks would
never have discovered—the poor people like it! It was a regular place of public entertainment
for the poorer classes; a tavern where there was nothing to pay; a public breakfast, dinner,
tea, and supper all the year round; a brick and mortar elysium, where it was all play and no
work. “Oho!” said the board, looking very knowing; “we are the fellows to set this to rights;
we’ll stop it all, in no time.” So, they established the rule, that all poor people should have the
alternative (for they would compel nobody, not they) of being starved by a gradual process in
the house, or by a quick one out of it. With this view, they contracted with the waterworks to
lay on an unlimited supply of water; and with a corn factor to supply periodically small
quantities of oatmeal; and issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a week,
and half a roll on Sundays.

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15. The following question has two parts. Answer Part A first, and then Part
B.
Part A From the details in this passage, choose the inference that Dickens most
likely wants readers to make about the members of the board in charge of the
workhouse.
a. They are truly interested in helping the poor people whom the workhouse
serves.
b. They are completely disconnected from the poor people whom the
workhouse serves.
c. They are too philosophical to understand the practical problems of the
poor.
d. They are ultimately compromised because they also are members of the
waterworks board.
Part B Which of the following is the clearest instance of verbal irony in the
passage that supports the answer to Part A?
a. [The board] found out at once, what ordinary folks would never have
discovered.…
b. “Oho!” said the board, looking very knowing.…
c. With this view, [the board] contracted with the waterworks to lay on an
unlimited supply of water.
d. [The board] issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a
week, and half a roll on Sundays.
16. In this passage, what point of view does Dickens’s satire express about the
society of his day?
a. Those who oversee workhouses have done much to help the poor.
b. Even the wealthy live under dangerously harsh conditions.
c. The poor live under dangerously harsh conditions.
d. Tensions between the social classes will lead to violence.

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17. What point of view does Dickens indirectly suggest in the following
sentence from the passage?
So, they established the rule, that all poor people should have the alternative (for
they would compel nobody, not they) of being starved by a gradual process in the
house, or by a quick one out of it.
a. Those who run the workhouse are committed to an ideal of freedom.

b. Those who run the workhouse contribute to a situation in which the poor
have no good alternatives.
c. Those who run the workhouse are too weak to compel the poor to do
what is in their own interest.
d. Those who run the workhouse present the poor with the best alternative
possible under the circumstances.
B.
Part A What is the most likely meaning of elysium, underlined in the passage?
Base your answer on context.
a. paradise
b. prison
c. poverty
d. philosophy
Part B Which phrase from the passage provides the best clue to the meaning of
elysium?
a. for the poorer classes
b. public breakfast
c. brick and mortar
d. all play and no work

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INFORMATIONAL TEXT
Press Release
Read this passage from a press release. Then, answer the question(s).
Notice of Public Hearing on a Proposed Local Law
NOTICE IS HEREBY given that the Town Board of Novalis Township will hold
public hearings on the proposed location for the new town recycling center.
Issue: On December 12, the Town Board of Novalis Township heard a proposal from the
firm of Dewson & Sons regarding the location of a new town recycling center. Pursuant to
Ordinance 20.5, the town will hold a public hearing during two (2) consecutive regularly
scheduled Board meetings to hear public opinion on the proposed location.
Location: Hearings will be held at Novalis Town Hall at 201 South Cumberland Drive.
Parking is in the back.
Dates and Times: The first hearing will be held on January 21st at 8:00 p.m. The second
hearing will be held on February 3rd at 10:00 a.m. The Town Board may elect to postpone
and reschedule either hearing and may do so under Ordinance 20.5, provided it issue a
public notice two weeks prior to the date of said hearing announcing the change of date or
time.
Public Filings: Full information on the proposal, including maps showing the exact location
of the proposed new recycling facility, details regarding the construction of the facility,
information about the firm awarded the contract, and an environmental impact statement,
may be found on the town Web site under “Recycling Center” or may be inspected in person
at the office of the Town Clerk.
19. Under which heading should a reader most logically look for more
information about the firm of Dewson & Sons?
a. Issue
b. Location
c. Dates and Times
d. Public Filings

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INFORMATIONAL TEXT
from The Way to Wealth by Benjamin Franklin
Read this excerpt from The Way to Wealth by Benjamin Franklin. Then, answer the
question(s).
(1) It would be thought a hard government that should tax its people one-tenth part of their
time to be employed in its service: but idleness taxes many of us much more; sloth, by
bringing on diseases, absolutely shortens life. (2) “Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than
labor wears, while the used key is always bright,” as Poor Richard says. (3)—”But dost thou
love life? then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is made of,” as Poor Richard
says. (4) —How much more than is necessary do we spend in sleep! forgetting that, “the
sleeping fox catches no poultry, and that there will be sleeping enough in the grave,” as Poor
Richard says.
(5) “If time be of all things the most precious, wasting time must be” as Poor Richard says,
“the greatest prodigality”; since, as he elsewhere tells us, “Lost time is never found again;
and what we call time enough, always proves little enough.” (6) Let us then up and be doing,
and doing to the purpose: so by diligence shall we do more with less perplexity. (7) “Sloth
makes all things difficult, but industry all easy; and he that riseth late, must trot all day, and
shall scarce overtake his business at night; while laziness travels so slowly, that poverty
soon overtakes him. (8) Drive thy business, let not that drive thee; and early to bed, and
early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise,” as Poor Richard says.
20. Based on the context of the passage, choose the most likely meaning of
sloth.
a. poverty based on over-taxing
b. laziness leading to inactivity
c. ill health caused by overwork
d. diligence upheld as a work ethic

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B.
Part A In sentence 2, Poor Richard is quoted as saying

[T]he used key is always bright.…
Which answer correctly identifies the figure of speech used in this phrase?
a. simile
b. metaphor
c. hyperbole
d. definition
Part B Which answer best restates the meaning of the figure of speech in Part
A?
a. Life is like a rusty key and should be polished.
b. By maintaining one's possessions, one shows self-respect.
c. Industry is the key that will unlock a person's potential.
d. By staying active, one thrives and extends one's life.
B.
Part A Which sentence best restates Franklin’s major claim in this passage?
a. It is better to wake up early than to stay up late.
b. A government that taxes ten percent is harsh.
c. Slothfulness has negative consequences.
d. Life is short, so people should enjoy it.
Part B Which excerpt from the text best supports the answer to Part A?
a. It would be thought a hard government that should tax its people one-tenth
part of their time . . . . (sentence 1)
b. [W]hat we call time enough, always proves little enough. (sentence 5)
c. [B]y diligence shall we do more with less perplexity. (sentence 6)
d. [L]aziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon overtakes him. (sentence 7)
23. What is the most likely reason Franklin quotes Poor Richard in this text?
a. Franklin wants to contrast his opinions with those of Poor Richard.
b. Franklin wants to show how Poor Richard exemplifies the qualities that
Franklin describes.
c.

Citing Poor Richard enables Franklin to express ideas that he fears to

express on his own.
d. Citing Poor Richard adds a feeling of authority to Franklin’s arguments.

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24. Which choice best describes how Franklin structures his argument?
a. To support his main point, he gives an example from his life, which
illustrates the main point of his argument.
b. To support his main point, he makes an extreme claim that makes his
main claim seem reasonable in comparison.
c. To support his main point, he presents a general claim about
governments and then relates it to a specific claim about people and
business.
d. To support his main point, he provides a variety of common-sense
comparisons and observations involving claims his audience is likely to
agree with.
25. Which choice best explains the effect of introducing sentence 4 with an
exclamatory statement?
a. It causes readers to question their own sleep habits.
b. It emphasizes Franklin’s strong feeling about the topic.
c. It emphasizes the quotation from Poor Richard about lost time.
d. It introduces the solution to the problem that Franklin describes.
REFERENCE WORK
Style Guide Entry
Read this entry from a style guide. Then, answer the question(s).
Serial Comma Usage: (1) Use commas between words, phrases, and clauses which form a
series of more than two. (2) The final comma preceding a conjunction may be included or
omitted based on preference. (3) In cases where omitting the final comma may result in
ambiguity, however, the comma should be inserted.
(4) In cases where the elements in a series themselves contain commas, the items should
be separated by semicolons. (5) If all elements in a series are separated by conjunctions, no
commas are necessary, except in cases of ambiguity.

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B.
Part A According to the style guide, which of these sentences featuring a series
should be revised?
a. The final exam covered algebra, geometry, and even a few challenging
calculus problems.
b. I needed to leave for the train station by 3:00 to meet Sandy, my sister and
my best friend.
c. The wolf threatens to huff and puff and blow the house down, but the pigs
win in the end.
d. The athletes exercised, trained and followed the coach’s regimen of
maintaining a healthy diet.
Part B Which sentence from the style guide best explains why the sentence
identified in Part A should be revised?
a. The final comma preceding a conjunction may be included or omitted,
based on preference. (sentence 2)
b. In cases where omitting the final comma may result in ambiguity,
however, the comma should be inserted. (sentence 3)
c. In cases where the elements in a series themselves contain commas, the
items should be separated by semicolons. (sentence 4)
d. If all elements in a series are separated by conjunctions, no commas are
necessary, except in cases of ambiguity. (sentence 5)
INFORMATIONAL TEXT
from Hamdi v. Rumsfeld: Opinion of the Court, Sandra Day O’Connor
Read this excerpt from a 2004 Supreme Court decision regarding the constitutionality of
detaining, without an attorney or trial, an American citizen who fought for an enemy of
the United States. Then, answer the questions.
(1) At this difficult time in our Nation’s history, we are called upon to consider the legality of
the Government’s detention of a United States citizen on United States soil as an “enemy
combatant” and to address the process that is constitutionally owed to one who seeks to
challenge his classification as such. (2) The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth
Circuit held that petitioner’s detention was legally authorized and that he was entitled to no
further opportunity to challenge his enemy-combatant label. (3) We now vacate and remand.
(4) We hold that although Congress authorized the detention of combatants in the narrow
circumstances alleged here, due process demands that a citizen held in the United States as
an enemy combatant be given a meaningful opportunity to contest the factual basis for that
detention before a neutral decisionmaker.

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27. According to O'Connor's summary, what is the main claim the Supreme Court
made in its ruling on this case?
a. Congress has the right to authorize the detention of some citizens as
"enemy combatants."
b. Congress has the right to classify some citizens as "enemy combatants,"
but it does not have the right to authorize their detention.
c. A lower court has held that a person detained under Congressional
authority as an "enemy combatant" has no right to a hearing.
d. A person detained under Congressional authority as an "enemy
combatant" must still be given due process, such as a hearing.
28. What is the most likely meaning of the word vacate in this excerpt?
a. begin to analyze
b. seek a solution for
c. declare to be invalid
d. establish a legal basis for
STANDARDS AND SKILLS QUESTIONS (WITHOUT TEXT SELECTIONS)
Identify the choice that best answers the question.
29. Based on your knowledge of the Anglo-Saxon suffix -some, choose the
most likely meaning of loathsome.
a. some loathing
b. causing loathing
c. filled with loathing
d. without loathing
30. Based on your knowledge of the Greek prefix a-, choose the most likely
meaning of asymptomatic.
a. having many symptoms
b. having early symptoms
c. having no symptoms
d. having unknown symptoms

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31. Which reference work could best help you determine the meaning of the
word designs in this sentence?
Carl knows that Anna has designs on his property, so he has warned her to stay
away.
a. a dictionary
b. a thesaurus
c. an encyclopedia
d. a book of quotations
32. Which sentence contains a subordinate clause used as an adverb?

a. Shakespeare, whose father was a glovemaker, attended a local grammar
school.
b. What little we know of his life comes mostly from public records.
c. He married Anne Hathaway, a woman who lived in his hometown.
d. When he wrote his will, he bequeathed to his wife his second-best bed.
33. Which clause in this sentence is used as an adjective?

When we visited northern England, we went to the cathedral in York, and we also
visited the home where the Brontës lived.
a. When we visited northern England

b. we went to the cathedral in York
c. we also visited the home
d. where the Brontës lived

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34. Which passage most clearly illustrates first-person narration?

a. With a sigh, Lupita packed the contents of the locker. “Is this really the
last day of high school?” she thought. It seemed incredible that her
world was about to change so dramatically. What would the next chapter
of her life be like?
b. Justin sat down and opened his laptop. “Marc,” he said, looking me
straight in the eye, “You’ll be shocked by what you’re about to see. It
proves that my theory about time travel will work!” I swallowed hard as
the screen lit up.
c. The mayor came to the microphone and smiled. “Greetings, everyone,”
she said. “We gather today to show our appreciation for the firefighters
of Oakdale Fire Department 2 and their heroic actions in the fire at the
mall last week.”
d. “Yes, I said that I wanted to see the world,” Dr. Chan told his patients,
“but I never imagined that I would be heading to work at a clinic in
Haiti!” Little could the good doctor know just then what surprises
awaited him there.
35. Which passage shows the best sentence variety?

a. When you go to a sporting event, you can have lots of fun. If you are
rooting for one of the teams, the game is even more exciting. If your
team wins, you will be overjoyed.
b. You can have lots of fun at a sporting event. You will enjoy rooting for
one of the teams. You will find the game more exciting then. You will
be overjoyed if your team wins.
c. A sporting event can be great fun. If you are rooting for one of the
teams, the game is even more exciting. You will be overjoyed to see
your team win.
d. When you go to a sporting event, you can have lots of fun, and rooting
for one of the teams will add to the fun. If you root for one of the teams,
the game is even more exciting, and you will be overjoyed to see your
team win.
36. Which sentence observes correct hyphenation?

a. It was difficult to navigate through the snow-covered streets.
b. My doctor is nearing her retirement at the prime-age of sixty four.
c. The governor wasn’t even born in the early-sixties, let alone the fifties.
d. A peanut-covered-street remained after the circus parade had made its
trek.

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37. Read the sentence to determine the meaning of culture as used in this
context. Then, read the dictionary entry.
My family valued all manner of culture, instilling in me a desire to learn at a young
age.
culture (CUL cher) noun 1. the shared values, customs, and beliefs of a people; 2.
the process of growing, or cultivating, bacteria; 3. knowledge of and good taste in
fine arts and humanities, as well as general scientific knowledge; 4. the raising of a
crop through careful management.
Which definition best corresponds to the meaning of culture as it is used in the

sentence?
a. definition 1
b. definition 2
c. definition 3
d. definition 4
B.
Part A Read these sentences. Then, choose the best meaning of the underlined
example of figurative language.
The kids scrambled across the soccer field like firefighters called to a five-alarm fire.
The swarm of preschoolers made countless jabs at the ball. Finally a petite girl, her
soccer shirt reaching down to her knees, maneuvered her way to the vanguard.
With one mighty kick from the miniature giant, the ball shot toward the goal. The
parents roared with enthusiasm as the rest of the offense raced toward the ball.
a. a very small soccer player

b. a soccer player taller than the rest
c. a small child with great ability
d. a child with an oversized shirt
Part B Which words from the text best support the answer to Part A?
a. firefighters, kick
b. jabs, vanguard
c. scrambled, maneuvered
d. petite, mighty

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39. The noun pretense refers to actions taken to create a false appearance.
Choose the best form of the word pretense to fit the context below.
I saw one of our high school football stars at the movies last weekend, and you
would never have known he was a winning quarterback. There was not even a hint
of in his demeanor.
a. pretend
b. pretentiousness
c. pretender
d. pretentiously
40. Read this passage, which is the text of the 6th Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public
trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been
committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be
informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the
witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his
favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
What is the main purpose of this passage?

a. to explain the rights due to someone charged with a crime
b. to identify who can make a legal ruling in a criminal trial
c. to contrast criminal trials with civil trials
d. to describe the responsibilities of jurors
41. Read this passage, focusing on the underlined word.

Try pouring a cup of water into a bowl and then a cup of honey. Because water has
a low viscosity and honey a high one, you can empty the cup of water more quickly
than the cup of honey.
To which aspect of water and honey does the term viscosity most likely refer?
Use context clues as a guide.
a. ability to float
b. electrical charge
c. resistance to flow
d. chemical composition

Grade 12 Beginning-of-Year Test

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