HL-chapter 14 revision [220 marks]

Paper 1 questions
1a. [2 marks] Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), for −0.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5. The
following diagram shows the graph of 𝑓 , the derivative
of 𝑓.
The graph of 𝑓 has a local maximum when 𝑥 = 2, a local
minimum when 𝑥 = 4, and it crosses the 𝑥-axis at the
point (5, 0).
Explain why the graph of 𝑓 has a local minimum when
𝑥 = 5.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
𝑓 (5) = 0 (A1)
valid reasoning including reference to the graph of 𝑓
R1
eg   𝑓 changes sign from negative to positive at 𝑥 = 5,
labelled sign chart for 𝑓
so 𝑓 has a local minimum at 𝑥 = 5 AG N0
Note: It must be clear that any description is referring to the graph of 𝑓 , simply giving the
conditions for a minimum without relating them to 𝑓 does not gain the R1.
METHOD 2
𝑓 (5) = 0 A1
valid reasoning referring to second derivative R1
eg   𝑓 (5) > 0
so 𝑓 has a local minimum at 𝑥 = 5 AG N0
1b. [2 marks] Find the set of values of 𝑥 for which the graph of 𝑓 is concave down.

Markscheme
attempt to find relevant interval (M1)
eg   𝑓 is decreasing, gradient of 𝑓 is negative, 𝑓 < 0
2 < 𝑥 < 4   (accept “between 2 and 4”) A1 N2
Notes: If no other working shown, award M1A0 for incorrect inequalities such as 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4, or
“from 2 to 4”
1c. [5 marks] The following diagram shows the shaded
regions 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶.
The regions are enclosed by the graph of 𝑓 , the 𝑥-axis,
the 𝑦-axis, and the line 𝑥 = 6.
The area of region 𝐴 is 12, the area of region 𝐵 is 6.75
and the area of region 𝐶 is 6.75.
Given that 𝑓(0) = 14, find 𝑓(6).

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (one integral)
correct application of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
(A1)

eg   ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 = 𝑓(6) − 𝑓(0), 𝑓(6) = 14 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥

attempt to link definite integral with areas (M1)

eg   ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 = −12 − 6.75 + 6.75, ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 =

Area 𝐴 + Area 𝐵 + Area 𝐶

correct value for ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 (A1)

eg   ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 = −12

correct working A1
eg   𝑓(6) − 14 = −12, 𝑓(6) = −12 + 𝑓(0)
𝑓(6) = 2 A1 N3
METHOD 2 (more than one integral)
correct application of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (A1)

eg   ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 = 𝑓(2) − 𝑓(0), 𝑓(2) = 14 + ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)

attempt to link definite integrals with areas (M1)

eg   ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 = 12, ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 = −6.75 , ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥) = 0

correct values for integrals (A1)

eg   ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 = −12, ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥) d𝑥 = 6.75, 𝑓(6) − 𝑓(2) = 0

one correct intermediate value A1

eg   𝑓(2) = 2, 𝑓(5) = −4.75
𝑓(6) = 2 A1 N3
1d. [6 marks] The following diagram shows the shaded
regions 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶.
The regions are enclosed by the graph of 𝑓 , the x-axis, the
y-axis, and the line 𝑥 = 6.
The area of region 𝐴 is 12, the area of region 𝐵 is 6.75 and
the area of region 𝐶 is 6.75.
Let 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑓(𝑥)) . Given that 𝑓 (6) = 16, find the
equation of the tangent to the graph of 𝑔 at the point where
𝑥 = 6.

Markscheme
correct calculation of 𝑔(6) (seen anywhere) A1
eg   2 , 𝑔(6) = 4
choosing chain rule or product rule (M1)

eg   𝑔 (𝑓(𝑥))𝑓 (𝑥), = × , 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑓(𝑥)

correct derivative (A1)

eg   𝑔 (𝑥) = 2𝑓(𝑥)𝑓 (𝑥), 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑓(𝑥)
correct calculation of 𝑔 (6) (seen anywhere) A1
eg   2(2)(16), 𝑔 (6) = 64
attempt to substitute their values of 𝑔 (6) and 𝑔(6) (in any order) into equation of a line (M1)
eg   2 = (2 × 2 × 16)6 + 𝑏, 𝑦 − 6 = 64(𝑥 − 4)
correct equation in any form A1 N2
eg   𝑦 − 4 = 64(𝑥 − 6), 𝑦 = 64𝑥 − 380

2a. [6 marks] The following diagram shows the graph of

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥√𝑎 − 𝑥 , for −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎, where 𝑎 > 1.
The line 𝐿 is the tangent to the graph of 𝑓 at the origin, O.
The point P(𝑎, 𝑏) lies on 𝐿.

(i) Given that 𝑓 (𝑥) = √

, for −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑎, find the
equation of 𝐿.
(ii) Hence or otherwise, find an expression for 𝑏 in terms
of 𝑎.

Markscheme
(i) recognizing the need to find the gradient when 𝑥 = 0
(seen anywhere) R1
eg     𝑓 (0)
correct substitution (A1)
 2𝑎 − 4(0)
𝑓 (0) =
√𝑎 − 0
𝑓 (0) = 2𝑎 (A1)
correct equation with gradient 2𝑎 (do not accept equations of the form 𝐿 = 2𝑎𝑥) A1 N3
eg     𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑥, 𝑦 − 𝑏 = 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑎), 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑎 + 𝑏
(ii) METHOD 1
attempt to substitute 𝑥 = 𝑎 into their equation of 𝐿 (M1)
eg     𝑦 = 2𝑎 × 𝑎
𝑏 = 2𝑎 A1 N2
METHOD 2
equating gradients (M1)

eg      = 2𝑎

𝑏 = 2𝑎 A1 N2
2b. [6 marks] The point Q(𝑎, 0) lies on the graph of 𝑓. Let 𝑅 be the
region enclosed by the graph of 𝑓 and the 𝑥-axis. This information is
shown in the following diagram. Let 𝐴 be the area of the region 𝑅.

Show that 𝐴 = 𝑎 .

Markscheme
METHOD 1

recognizing that area = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)d𝑥 (seen anywhere) R1

valid approach using substitution or inspection (M1)

eg     ∫ 2𝑥√𝑢d𝑥, 𝑢 = 𝑎 − 𝑥 , d𝑢 = −2𝑥d𝑥, (𝑎 − 𝑥 )

correct working (A1)

eg     ∫ 2𝑥√𝑎 − 𝑥 d𝑥 = ∫ − √𝑢d𝑢

∫ − √𝑢d𝑢 = − (A1)

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)d𝑥 = − (𝑎 − 𝑥 ) + 𝑐 (A1)

substituting limits and subtracting A1

eg     𝐴 = − (𝑎 − 𝑎 ) + (𝑎 − 0) , (𝑎 )

𝐴 = 𝑎 AG N0

METHOD 2

recognizing that area = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)d𝑥 (seen anywhere) R1

valid approach using substitution or inspection (M1)

eg     ∫ 2𝑥√𝑢d𝑥, 𝑢 = 𝑎 − 𝑥 , d𝑢 = −2𝑥d𝑥, (𝑎 − 𝑥 )

correct working (A1)

eg     ∫ 2𝑥√𝑎 − 𝑥 d𝑥 = ∫ − √𝑢d𝑢

∫ − √𝑢d𝑢 = − (A1)

new limits for u (even if integration is incorrect) (A1)

eg     𝑢 = 0 and 𝑢 = 𝑎 , ∫ 𝑢 d𝑢, − 𝑢

substituting limits and subtracting A1

eg     𝐴 = − 0 − 𝑎 , (𝑎 )

𝐴 = 𝑎 AG N0

2c. [4 marks] Let 𝐴 be the area of the triangle OPQ. Given that 𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴 , find the value of 𝑘.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
valid approach to find area of triangle (M1)

eg      (OQ)(PQ), 𝑎𝑏

correct substitution into formula for 𝐴 (seen anywhere) (A1)

eg     𝐴 = × 𝑎 × 2𝑎 , 𝑎

valid attempt to find 𝑘 (must be in terms of 𝑎) (M1)

eg     𝑎 = 𝑘 𝑎 , 𝑘 =

𝑘= A1 N2

METHOD 2
valid approach to find area of triangle (M1)

eg     ∫ (2𝑎𝑥)d𝑥

correct working (A1)

eg     [𝑎𝑥 ] , 𝑎
valid attempt to find 𝑘 (must be in terms of 𝑎) (M1)

eg     𝑎 = 𝑘 𝑎 , 𝑘 =

𝑘= A1 N2
3. [7 marks]
A particle moves in a straight line. Its velocity 𝑣 m s after 𝑡 seconds is given by
𝑣 = 6𝑡 − 6, for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2.
After 𝑝 seconds, the particle is 2 m from its initial position. Find the possible values of 𝑝.

Markscheme
correct approach (A1)

eg     𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣, ∫ 6𝑡 − 6d𝑡

correct integration (A1)

eg     ∫ 6𝑡 − 6d𝑡 = 3𝑡 − 6𝑡 + 𝐶, [3𝑡 − 6𝑡]
recognizing that there are two possibilities (M1)
eg     2 correct answers, 𝑠 = ±2, 𝑐 ± 2
two correct equations in 𝑝 A1A1
eg     3𝑝 − 6𝑝 = 2, 3𝑝 − 6𝑝 = −2
0.42265, 1.57735
𝑝 = 0.423 or 𝑝 = 1.58 A1A1 N3

4a. [4 marks] Find ∫ 𝑥e d𝑥.

Markscheme
valid approach to set up integration by substitution/inspection (M1)

eg     𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1, d𝑢 = 2𝑥, ∫ 2𝑥e d𝑥

correct expression (A1)

eg      ∫ 2𝑥e d𝑥, ∫ e d𝑢

e +𝑐 A2 N4

Notes: Award A1 if missing “+𝑐”.

4b. [3 marks] Find 𝑓(𝑥), given that 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥e and 𝑓(−1) = 3.

Markscheme
substituting 𝑥 = −1 into their answer from (a) (M1)

eg      e , e =3

correct working (A1)

eg      + 𝑐 = 3, 𝑐 = 2.5

𝑓(𝑥) = e + 2.5 A1 N2
5. [6 marks] Let 𝑓 (𝑥) = ( )
. Given that 𝑓(0) = 1, find 𝑓(𝑥).

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)

eg     ∫ 𝑓 d𝑥, ∫ ( )
d𝑥

correct integration by substitution/inspection A2

eg     𝑓(𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐, ( )

correct substitution into their integrated function (must include 𝑐) M1

eg     1 = ( )
+ 𝑐, − + 𝑐 = 1

Note: Award M0 if candidates substitute into 𝑓 or 𝑓 .

𝑐= (A1)
( )
𝑓(𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 1) + = ( )
+ , ( )
A1 N4

6a. [3 marks] Let 𝑓(𝑥) = , for 𝑥 > . Find ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) d𝑥.

√

Markscheme
correct working (A1)

eg ∫ d𝑥,  ∫ (2𝑥 − 1) ,   ,  ∫

√

∫ 𝑓(𝑥) d𝑥 = ln(2𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐 A2 N3

Note: Award A1 for ln(2𝑥 − 1).

6b. [4 marks] Part of the graph of f is shown in the

following diagram.
The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f,
the x-axis, and the lines x = 1 and x = 9 . Find the
volume of the solid formed when R is revolved
360° about the x-axis.

Markscheme
attempt to substitute either limits or the function
into formula involving f 2 (accept absence of 𝜋 /
dx) (M1)

eg ∫ 𝑦 d𝑥,   𝜋∫ d𝑥,   ln(2𝑥 − 1)

√

substituting limits into their integral and subtracting (in any order) (M1)
eg ln(17) − ln(1) ,   𝜋 0 − ln(2 × 9 − 1)

correct working involving calculating a log value or using log law (A1)

eg ln(1) = 0,   ln

ln17     accept 𝜋ln√17 A1 N3

Note: Full FT may be awarded as normal, from their incorrect answer in part (a), however, do not
award the final two A marks unless they involve logarithms.

7. [8 marks] Let 𝑓(𝑥) = √ . The following diagram

shows part of the graph of 𝑓.
The region R is enclosed by the graph of 𝑓, the 𝑥-axis, and
the 𝑦-axis. Find the area of R.

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (limits in terms of 𝑥)
valid approach to find 𝑥-intercept (M1)

eg 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, √
= 0, 6 − 2𝑥 = 0

𝑥-intercept is 3 (A1)
valid approach using substitution or inspection (M1)

eg 𝑢 = 16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 , ∫ d𝑥, d𝑢 = 6 − 2𝑥, ∫ , 2𝑢 ,
√ √

𝑢 = √16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 , = (6 − 2𝑥) (16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 ) , ∫ 2 d𝑢, 2𝑢

∫ 𝑓(𝑥) d𝑥 = 2√16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 (A2)

substituting both of their limits into their integrated function and subtracting (M1)

eg 2 16 + 6(3) − 3 − 2 16 + 6(0) − 0 , 2√16 + 18 − 9 − 2√16

Note: Award M0 if they substitute into original or differentiated function. Do not accept only “– 0” as
evidence of substituting lower limit.
correct working (A1)

eg 2√25 − 2√16, 10 − 8
area = 2 A1 N2
METHOD 2 (limits in terms of 𝑢)
valid approach to find 𝑥-intercept (M1)

eg 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, √
= 0, 6 − 2𝑥 = 0

𝑥-intercept is 3 (A1)
valid approach using substitution or inspection (M1)
eg 𝑢 = 16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 , ∫ d𝑥, d𝑢 = 6 − 2𝑥, ∫ ,
√ √

𝑢 = √16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 , = (6 − 2𝑥) (16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 ) , ∫ 2 d𝑢

correct integration (A2)

eg ∫  d𝑢 = 2𝑢 , ∫ 2 d𝑢 = 2𝑢
√

both correct limits for 𝑢 (A1)

eg 𝑢 = 16 and 𝑢 = 25, ∫ d𝑢, 2𝑢 , 𝑢 = 4 and 𝑢 = 5, ∫ 2  d𝑢, [2𝑢]

√

substituting both of their limits for 𝑢 (do not accept 0 and 3) into their integrated function and
subtracting (M1)

eg 2√25 − 2√16, 10 − 8
Note: Award M0 if they substitute into original or differentiated function, or if they have not
attempted to find limits for 𝑢.
area = 2 A1 N2

8a. [2 marks] A particle P starts from point O and

moves along a straight line. The graph of its velocity,
𝑣 ms−1 after 𝑡 seconds, for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 6 , is shown in the
following diagram.
The graph of 𝑣 has 𝑡-intercepts when 𝑡 = 0, 2 and 4.
The function 𝑠(𝑡) represents the displacement of P
from O after 𝑡 seconds.
It is known that P travels a distance of 15 metres in
the first 2 seconds. It is also known that 𝑠(2) = 𝑠(5)
and ∫ 𝑣 d𝑡 = 9.

Find the value of 𝑠(4) − 𝑠(2).

Markscheme
recognizing relationship between 𝑣 and 𝑠 (M1)
eg ∫ 𝑣 = 𝑠, 𝑠 = 𝑣
𝑠(4) − 𝑠(2) = 9 A1 N2
8b. [5 marks] Find the total distance travelled in the first 5 seconds.

Markscheme
correctly interpreting distance travelled in first 2 seconds (seen anywhere, including part (a) or the
area of 15 indicated on diagram) (A1)

eg ∫ 𝑣 = 15, 𝑠(2) = 15

valid approach to find total distance travelled (M1)

eg sum of 3 areas, ∫ 𝑣 + ∫ 𝑣 , shaded areas in diagram between 0 and 5

Note: Award M0 if only ∫ |𝑣| is seen.

correct working towards finding distance travelled between 2 and 5 (seen anywhere including within
total area expression or on diagram) (A1)

eg ∫ 𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣, ∫ 𝑣 = ∫ |𝑣|, ∫ 𝑣 d𝑡 = −9, 𝑠(4) − 𝑠(2) − [𝑠(5) − 𝑠(4)],

equal areas
correct working using 𝑠(5) = 𝑠(2) (A1)
eg 15 + 9 − (−9), 15 + 2[𝑠(4) − 𝑠(2)], 15 + 2(9), 2 × 𝑠(4) − 𝑠(2), 48 − 15
total distance travelled = 33 (m) A1 N2

9a. [3 marks] Let 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑥) .

Hence find ∫ (3𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 + 𝑥 d𝑥.

Markscheme
integrating by inspection from (a) or by substitution (M1)

eg ∫ (3𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 + 𝑥 d𝑥, 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑥, = 3𝑥 + 1, ∫ 𝑢 , .

correct integrated expression in terms of 𝑥 A2 N3

.
eg (𝑥 + 𝑥) + 𝐶,
.
+𝐶

9b. [2 marks] Consider the functions 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 𝑥

and 𝑔(𝑥) = 6 − 3𝑥 √𝑥 + 𝑥, for 𝑥 ≥ 0.
The graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔 are shown in the following
diagram.
The shaded region 𝑅 is enclosed by the graphs of 𝑓, 𝑔,
the 𝑦-axis and 𝑥 = 1.
Write down an expression for the area of 𝑅.

Markscheme
integrating and subtracting functions (in any order) (M1)
eg ∫ 𝑔 − 𝑓, ∫ 𝑓 − ∫ 𝑔
correct integral (including limits, accept absence of d𝑥) A1 N2

eg ∫ (𝑔 − 𝑓)  d𝑥, ∫ 6 − 3𝑥 √𝑥 + 𝑥 − √𝑥 + 𝑥  d𝑥, ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) − ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)

9c. [6 marks] Hence find the exact area of 𝑅.

Markscheme
recognizing √𝑥 + 𝑥 is a common factor (seen anywhere, may be seen in part (c)) (M1)

eg (−3𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 + 𝑥, ∫ 6 − (3𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 + 𝑥, (3𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 + 𝑥

correct integration (A1)(A1)

eg 6𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑥)

Note: Award A1 for 6𝑥 and award A1 for − (𝑥 + 𝑥) .

substituting limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in any order) (M1)

eg 6 − (1 + 1) , 0 − 6 − (1 + 1)

correct working (A1)

eg 6 − × 2√2, 6 − × √4 × √2

√ √
area of 𝑅 = 6 −     = 6 − √8,    6 − × 2 ,    A1 N3
 
10a. [3 marks] Let 𝑓(𝑥) = where 𝑥 > 0, 𝑘 ∈ ℝ .
 
Show that 𝑓 (𝑥) = .

Markscheme
attempt to use quotient rule (M1)
correct substitution into quotient rule
   
𝑓 (𝑥) = ( )
(or equivalent) A1

   
= , (𝑘 ∈ ℝ ) A1
 
= AG

10b. [3 marks] The graph of 𝑓 has exactly one maximum point P.

Find the x-coordinate of P.

Markscheme
𝑓 (𝑥) = 0 M1
1 − ln 5𝑥
=0
𝑘𝑥
ln 5𝑥 = 1 (A1)

𝑥= A1
   
10c. [3 marks] The second derivative of 𝑓 is given by 𝑓 (𝑥) = . The graph of 𝑓 has exactly
one point of inflexion Q.

Show that the x-coordinate of Q is e .

Markscheme
𝑓 (𝑥) = 0 M1
2 ln 5𝑥 − 3
=0
𝑘𝑥
ln 5𝑥 = A1

5𝑥 = e A1

so the point of inflexion occurs at 𝑥 = e AG

10d. [7 marks] The region R is enclosed by the graph of 𝑓, the x-

axis, and the vertical lines through the maximum point P and the
point of inflexion Q.
Given that the area of R is 3, find the value of 𝑘.

Markscheme
attempt to integrate (M1)
d𝑢 1
𝑢 = ln 5𝑥 ⇒ =
d𝑥 𝑥
 
∫ d𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢 d𝑢 (A1)

EITHER

= A1

so ∫ 𝑢 d𝑢 = A1

OR
(   )
= A1

  (   )
so ∫ d𝑥 = A1

THEN
1 9
= −1
2𝑘 4
= A1

setting their expression for area equal to 3 M1

5
=3
8𝑘
𝑘= A1

11a. [3 marks] Consider the function 𝑓 defined by

𝑓(𝑥) = 6 + 6cos𝑥, for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4𝜋.
The following diagram shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).
The graph of 𝑓 touches the 𝑥-axis at points A and B, as
shown. The shaded region is enclosed by the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and the 𝑥-axis, between the points A and B.
Find the 𝑥-coordinates of A and B.

Markscheme
6 + 6cos𝑥 = 0 (or setting their 𝑓′(𝑥) = 0) (M1)
cos𝑥 = −1 (or sin𝑥 = 0)
𝑥 = 𝜋, 𝑥 = 3𝜋 A1A1
11b. [5 marks] Show that the area of the shaded region is 12𝜋.

Markscheme
attempt to integrate ∫ (6 + 6cos𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (M1)

= [6𝑥 + 6sin𝑥] A1A1

substitute their limits into their integrated expression and subtract (M1)
= (18𝜋 + 6sin3𝜋) − (6𝜋 + 6sin𝜋)
= (6(3𝜋) + 0) − (6𝜋 + 0) (= 18𝜋 − 6𝜋) A1
area= 12𝜋 AG
11c. [3 marks] The right cone in the following diagram has a total surface
area of 12𝜋, equal to the shaded area in the previous diagram.
The cone has a base radius of 2, height ℎ, and slant height 𝑙.
Find the value of 𝑙.

Markscheme
attempt to substitute into formula for surface area (including base)
(M1)
𝜋(2 ) + 𝜋(2)(𝑙) = 12𝜋 (A1)
4𝜋 + 2π𝑙 = 12𝜋
2π𝑙 = 8𝜋
𝑙=4 A1
11d. [4 marks] Hence, find the volume of the cone.

Markscheme
valid attempt to find the height of the cone (M1)
e.g. 2 + ℎ = (their 𝑙)

ℎ = √12 = 2√3 (A1)

attempt to use 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ with their values substituted M1

1
𝜋(2 ) √12
3
√ √
volume = = = A1
√

12a. [2 marks] Let 𝑓(𝑥) = √12 − 2𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎. The

following diagram shows part of the graph of 𝑓.
The shaded region is enclosed by the graph of 𝑓, the
𝑥-axis and the 𝑦-axis.
The graph of 𝑓 intersects the 𝑥-axis at the point
(𝑎, 0).
Find the value of 𝑎.

Markscheme
recognize 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 (M1)

eg √12 − 2𝑥 = 0, 2𝑥 = 12
𝑎 = 6 (accept 𝑥 = 6, (6, 0)) A1 N2
12b. [5 marks] Find the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is revolved 360 about the
𝑥-axis.

Markscheme
attempt to substitute either their limits or the function into volume formula (must involve 𝑓 )
(M1)

eg ∫ 𝑓 𝑑𝑥 , 𝜋∫ √12 − 2𝑥 , 𝜋 ∫ 12 − 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

correct integration of each term A1 A1

eg 12𝑥 − 𝑥 , 12𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐 , [12𝑥 − 𝑥 ]
substituting limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in any order) (M1)
eg 𝜋(12(6) − (6) ) − 𝜋(0) , 72𝜋 − 36𝜋 , (12(6) − (6) ) − (0)
Note: Award M0 if candidate has substituted into 𝑓, 𝑓 or 𝑓′.
volume= 36𝜋 A1 N2

Paper 2 questions
13a. [2 marks] Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2ln(𝑥 − 3), for 𝑥 > 3. The
following diagram shows part of the graph of 𝑓.
Find the equation of the vertical asymptote to the
graph of 𝑓.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg   horizontal translation 3 units to the right
𝑥 = 3 (must be an equation) A1 N2
13b. [2 marks] Find the 𝑥-intercept of the graph of
𝑓.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg   𝑓(𝑥) = 0, 𝑒 = 𝑥 − 3
4, 𝑥 = 4, (4, 0) A1 N2
13c. [3 marks] The region enclosed by the graph of 𝑓, the 𝑥-axis and the line 𝑥 = 10 is rotated 360°
about the 𝑥-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed.

Markscheme
attempt to substitute either their correct limits or the function into formula involving 𝑓 (M1)

eg   ∫ 𝑓 , 𝜋∫ (2ln(𝑥 − 3)) d𝑥

141.537
volume = 142 A2 N3

14a. [2 marks] Consider the function 𝑓 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 90e .

for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ .
The graph of 𝑓 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 intersect at point P.
Find the 𝑥-coordinate of P.

Markscheme
Attempt to find the point of intersection of the graph of 𝑓 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 (M1)
𝑥 = 5.56619 …
= 5.57 A1
14b. [4 marks] The line 𝐿 has a gradient of −1 and is a tangent to the graph of 𝑓 at the point Q.
Find the exact coordinates of Q.

Markscheme
𝑓′(𝑥) = −45e .
A1
attempt to set the gradient of 𝑓 equal to −1 (M1)
.
−45e = −1

Q has coordinates (2ln45, 2) (accept (−2ln , 2) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each value, even if the answer is not given as a coordinate pair.

Do not accept .
or .
as a final value for 𝑥. Do not accept 2.0 or 2.00 as a final value for 𝑦.

14c. [2 marks] Show that the equation of 𝐿 is 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2ln45 + 2.

Markscheme
attempt to substitute coordinates of Q (in any order) into an appropriate equation (M1)
𝑦 − 2 = −(𝑥 − 2ln45) OR 2 = −2ln45 + 𝑐 A1
equation of 𝐿 is 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2ln45 + 2 AG
14d. [1 mark] The shaded region 𝐴 is enclosed
by the graph of 𝑓 and the lines 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝐿.
Find the 𝑥-coordinate of the point where 𝐿
intersects the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.

Markscheme
𝑥 = ln45 + 1(= 4.81) A1
14e. [4 marks] Hence, find the area of 𝐴.

Markscheme
appropriate method to find the sum of two areas using integrals of the difference of two functions
(M1)
Note: Allow absence of incorrect limits.
. … . …
∫. …
𝑥 − (−𝑥 + 2ln45 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ . …
90e .
− (−𝑥 + 2ln45 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award A1 for one correct integral expression including correct limits and integrand.
Award A1 for a second correct integral expression including correct limits and integrand.
= 1.52196 …
= 1.52 A1
14f. [2 marks] The line 𝐿 is tangent to the graphs of
both 𝑓 and the inverse function 𝑓 .
Find the shaded area enclosed by the graphs of 𝑓
and 𝑓 and the line 𝐿.

Markscheme
by symmetry 2 × 1.52 … (M1)
= 3.04 A1
Note: Accept any answer that rounds to 3.0 (but do
not accept 3).

15a. [4 marks] Consider a function 𝑓(𝑥), for 𝑥 ≥ 0. The derivative of 𝑓 is given by 𝑓′(𝑥) = .

Show that 𝑓′′(𝑥) = ( )

.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
evidence of choosing the quotient rule (M1)

eg

derivative of 6𝑥 is 6 (must be seen in rule) (A1)

derivative of 𝑥 + 4 is 2𝑥 (must be seen in rule) (A1)
correct substitution into the quotient rule A1
( )( )
eg ( )

𝑓′′(𝑥) = ( )
AG N0

METHOD 2
evidence of choosing the product rule (M1)
eg 𝑣𝑢′ + 𝑢𝑣′
derivative of 6𝑥 is 6 (must be seen in rule) (A1)
derivative of (𝑥 + 4) is −2𝑥(𝑥 + 4) (must be seen in rule) (A1)
correct substitution into the product rule A1
eg 6(𝑥 + 4) + (−1)(6𝑥)(2𝑥)(𝑥 + 4)

𝑓′′(𝑥) = ( )
AG N0

15b. [2 marks] The graph of 𝑓 is concave-down when 𝑥 > 𝑛. Find the least value of 𝑛.
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (2nd derivative) (M1)
valid approach
eg 𝑓′′ < 0, 24 − 6𝑥 < 0 , 𝑛 = ±2, 𝑥 = 2
𝑛 = 2 (exact) A1 N2
METHOD 2 (1st derivative)
valid attempt to find local maximum on 𝑓′ (M1)
eg sketch with max indicated, (2, 1.5), 𝑥 = 2
𝑛 = 2 (exact) A1 N2

15c. [3 marks] Find ∫ d𝑥.

Markscheme
evidence of valid approach using substitution or inspection (M1)

eg ∫ 3(2𝑥) d𝑥 , 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 4 , d𝑢 = 2𝑥d𝑥 , ∫ 3 × d𝑢

∫ ( )
d𝑥 = 3ln(𝑥 + 4) + 𝑐 A2 N3

15d. [7 marks] Let 𝑅 be the region enclosed by the graph of 𝑓, the 𝑥-axis and the lines 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 =
3. The area of 𝑅 is 19.6, correct to three significant figures.
Find 𝑓(𝑥).

Markscheme
recognizing that area = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥)d𝑥 (seen anywhere) (M1)

recognizing that their answer to (c) is their 𝑓(𝑥) (accept absence of 𝑐) (M1)
eg 𝑓(𝑥) = 3ln(𝑥 + 4) + 𝑐 , 𝑓(𝑥) = 3ln(𝑥 + 4)

correct value for ∫ 3 ln(𝑥 + 4)d𝑥 (seen anywhere) (A1)

eg 12.4859

correct integration for ∫ 𝑐 d𝑥 (seen anywhere) (A1)

[𝑐𝑥] , 2𝑐
adding their integrated expressions and equating to 19.6 (do not accept an expression which involves
an integral) (M1)
eg 12.4859 + 2𝑐 = 19.6 , 2𝑐 = 7.114
𝑐 = 3.55700 (A1)
𝑓(𝑥) = 3ln(𝑥 + 4) + 3.56 A1 N4
16a. [2 marks] A particle P moves along a straight
line. The velocity v m s−1 of P after t seconds is given
by v (t) = 7 cos t − 5t cos t, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 7.
The following diagram shows the graph of v.
Find the initial velocity of P.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous
syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.
initial velocity when t = 0 (M1)
eg v(0)
v = 17 (m s−1) A1 N2
16b. [3 marks] Find the maximum speed of P.

Markscheme
recognizing maximum speed when |𝑣| is greatest (M1)
eg minimum, maximum, v' = 0
one correct coordinate for minimum (A1)
eg 6.37896, −24.6571
24.7 (ms−1) A1 N2
16c. [3 marks] Write down the number of times that the acceleration of P is 0 m s−2 .

Markscheme
recognizing a = v ′ (M1)

eg 𝑎 = , correct derivative of first term

identifying when a = 0 (M1)

eg turning points of v, t-intercepts of v ′
3 A1 N3
16d. [4 marks] Find the acceleration of P when it changes direction.

Markscheme
recognizing P changes direction when v = 0 (M1)
t = 0.863851 (A1)
−9.24689
a = −9.25 (ms−2) A2 N3
16e. [3 marks] Find the total distance travelled by P.
Markscheme
correct substitution of limits or function into formula (A1)
.
eg ∫ | 𝑣 |,  ∫ 𝑣d𝑡 − ∫ . 𝑣d𝑡 ,  ∫ | 7 cos 𝑥 − 5𝑥  
 | 𝑑𝑥,   3.32 = 60.6

63.8874
63.9 (metres) A2 N3

17a. [2 marks] Let 𝑓(𝑥) =   sin (𝑒 ) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤

1.5. The following diagram shows the graph of 𝑓.
Find the x-intercept of the graph of 𝑓.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 𝑓(𝑥) = 0,    𝑒 = 180 or 0…
1.14472
𝑥 = ln 𝜋 (exact), 1.14 A1 N2
17b. [3 marks] The region enclosed by the graph of
𝑓, the y-axis and the x-axis is rotated 360° about the
x-axis.
Find the volume of the solid formed.

Markscheme
attempt to substitute either their limits or the function into formula involving 𝑓 . (M1)
.
eg ∫ 𝑓 ,   𝜋∫ sin (𝑒 ) 𝑑𝑥,   0.795135

2.49799
volume = 2.50 A2 N3

18. [6 marks] Note: In this question, distance is in

metres and time is in seconds.
A particle moves along a horizontal line starting at a
fixed point A. The velocity 𝑣 of the particle, at time 𝑡, is
given by 𝑣(𝑡) = , for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5. The following
diagram shows the graph of 𝑣
There are 𝑡-intercepts at (0, 0) and (2, 0).
Find the maximum distance of the particle from A during
the time 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5 and justify your answer.
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (displacement)
recognizing 𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣d𝑡 (M1)
consideration of displacement at 𝑡 = 2 and 𝑡 = 5 (seen anywhere) M1

eg     ∫ 𝑣 and ∫ 𝑣

Note: Must have both for any further marks.

correct displacement at 𝑡 = 2 and 𝑡 = 5 (seen anywhere) A1A1
−2.28318 (accept 2.28318), 1.55513
valid reasoning comparing correct displacements R1
eg     |−2.28| > |1.56|, more left than right
2.28 (m) A1 N1
Note: Do not award the final A1 without the R1.
METHOD 2 (distance travelled)
recognizing distance = ∫ |𝑣|d𝑡 (M1)
consideration of distance travelled from 𝑡 = 0 to 2 and 𝑡 = 2 to 5 (seen anywhere) M1

eg     ∫ 𝑣 and ∫ 𝑣

Note: Must have both for any further marks

correct distances travelled (seen anywhere) A1A1
2.28318, (accept −2.28318), 3.83832
valid reasoning comparing correct distance values R1
eg     3.84 − 2.28 < 2.28, 3.84 < 2 × 2.28
2.28 (m) A1 N1
Note: Do not award the final A1 without the R1.

19a. [1 mark] A particle P moves along a straight line. Its

velocity 𝑣 m s after 𝑡 seconds is given by 𝑣 =
√𝑡sin 𝑡 , for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 8. The following diagram shows the
graph of 𝑣 .
Write down the first value of 𝑡 at which P changes direction.

Markscheme
𝑡=2 A1 N1
19b. [2 marks] Find the total distance travelled by P, for 0 ≤
𝑡 ≤ 8.
Markscheme
substitution of limits or function into formula or correct sum (A1)

eg     ∫ |𝑣|d𝑡, ∫ 𝑣 d𝑡, ∫ 𝑣d𝑡 − ∫ 𝑣d𝑡 + ∫ 𝑣d𝑡 − ∫ 𝑣d𝑡

9.64782
distance = 9.65 (metres) A1 N2
19c. [4 marks] A second particle Q also moves along a straight line. Its velocity, 𝑣 m s after 𝑡
seconds is given by 𝑣 = √𝑡 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 8. After 𝑘 seconds Q has travelled the same total distance as P.

Find 𝑘.

Markscheme
correct approach (A1)

eg     𝑠 = ∫ √𝑡, ∫ √𝑡 d𝑡, ∫ 𝑣 d𝑡

correct integration (A1)

eg     ∫ √𝑡 = 𝑡 + 𝑐, 𝑥 , 𝑘

equating their expression to the distance travelled by their P (M1)

eg      𝑘 = 9.65, ∫ √𝑡d𝑡 = 9.65

5.93855
5.94 (seconds) A1 N3

20a. [1 mark] Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ln𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 + ln , for 𝑥 > 0.

The graph of 𝑔 can be obtained from the graph of 𝑓 by two transformations:

a horizontal stretch of scale factor 𝑞 followed by
ℎ
a translation of .
𝑘
Write down the value of 𝑞;

Markscheme
𝑞=2 A1 N1
Note: Accept 𝑞 = 1, ℎ = 0, and 𝑘 = 3 − ln(2), 2.31 as candidate may have rewritten 𝑔(𝑥) as equal to
3 + ln(𝑥) − ln(2).
20b. [1 mark] Write down the value of ℎ;

Markscheme
ℎ=0 A1 N1
Note: Accept 𝑞 = 1, ℎ = 0, and 𝑘 = 3 − ln(2), 2.31 as candidate may have rewritten 𝑔(𝑥) as equal to
3 + ln(𝑥) − ln(2).
20c. [1 mark] Write down the value of 𝑘.

Markscheme
𝑘=3 A1 N1
Note: Accept 𝑞 = 1, ℎ = 0, and 𝑘 = 3 − ln(2), 2.31 as candidate may have rewritten 𝑔(𝑥) as equal to
3 + ln(𝑥) − ln(2).
20d. [2 marks] Let ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) × cos(0.1𝑥), for 0 < 𝑥 < 4. The
following diagram shows the graph of ℎ and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
The graph of ℎ intersects the graph of ℎ at two points. These
points have 𝑥 coordinates 0.111 and 3.31 correct to three
significant figures.
.
Find ∫ . (ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑥)d𝑥.

Markscheme
2.72409
2.72 A2 N2
20e. [3 marks] Hence, find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of ℎ and ℎ .

Markscheme
recognizing area between 𝑦 = 𝑥 and ℎ equals 2.72 (M1)

eg     
recognizing graphs of ℎ and ℎ are reflections of each other in 𝑦 = 𝑥 (M1)
eg     area between 𝑦 = 𝑥 and ℎ equals between 𝑦 = 𝑥 and ℎ
.
2 × 2.72 (𝑥 − ℎ (𝑥))d𝑥 = 2.72
.

5.44819
5.45 A1 N3
20f. [7 marks] Let 𝑑 be the vertical distance from a point on the graph of ℎ to the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. There is a
point P(𝑎, 𝑏) on the graph of ℎ where 𝑑 is a maximum.
Find the coordinates of P, where 0.111 < 𝑎 < 3.31.
Markscheme
valid attempt to find 𝑑 (M1)
eg     difference in 𝑦-coordinates, 𝑑 = ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑥
correct expression for 𝑑 (A1)

eg      ln 𝑥 + 3 (cos0.1𝑥) − 𝑥

valid approach to find when 𝑑 is a maximum (M1)

eg     max on sketch of 𝑑, attempt to solve 𝑑 = 0
0.973679
𝑥 = 0.974 A2 N4
substituting their 𝑥 value into ℎ(𝑥) (M1)
2.26938
𝑦 = 2.27 A1 N2
21a. [3 marks] Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3ln(𝑥 + 1), for 𝑥 > −1.
Solve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥).

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg sketch
0, 1.73843
𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1.74 (accept (0, 0) and (1.74, 3.02)) A1A1 N3
21b. [3 marks] Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔.

Markscheme
integrating and subtracting functions (in any order) (M1)
eg     ∫ 𝑔 − 𝑓
correct substitution of their limits or function (accept missing d𝑥)
(A1)
.
eg     ∫ 𝑔 − 𝑓, ∫ 3ln(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑥

Note: Do not award A1 if there is an error in the substitution.

1.30940
1.31 A1 N3
22a. [3 marks] The velocity 𝑣 ms of a particle after 𝑡 seconds is
given by
𝑣(𝑡) = (0.3𝑡 + 0.1) − 4, for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5
The following diagram shows the graph of 𝑣.
Find the value of 𝑡 when the particle is at rest.

Markscheme
recognizing particle at rest when 𝑣 = 0 (M1)
eg   (0.3𝑡 + 0.1) − 4 = 0, 𝑥-intercept on graph of 𝑣
𝑡 = 4.27631
𝑡 = 4.28 (seconds) A2 N3
22b. [3 marks] Find the value of 𝑡 when the acceleration of the particle is 0.

Markscheme
valid approach to find 𝑡 when 𝑎 is 0 (M1)
eg   𝑣 (𝑡) = 0, 𝑣 minimum
𝑡 = 1.19236
𝑡 = 1.19 (seconds) A2 N3