STATISTICS JEE-MAIN-SR-MATHS VOL-I

STATISTICS
characteristic of the entire data. Such a value is
SYNOPSIS called the central value or an average.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION The following are the important types of averages:
1. Arithmetic Mean 2. Geometric Mean
 Class Limits: The starting and end vlaues of each
3. Harmonic mean 4. Median 5. Mode
class are called the lower limit and upper limit
We consider these measures in three cases (i)
respectively of that class.
Individual series (i.e. each individual observation is
Ex. 1) The lower limit of the class 0-9 is 0
given) (ii) discrete series (i.e the observations along
2) The upper limit of the class 50-59 is 59
with number of times a particular observation called
 Class boundaries : The average of the upper
the frequency is given) (iii) continuous series (i.e.
limit of a class and the lower limit of the next class
the class intervals along with their frequencies are
is called the upper boundary of that class.
given)
The upper boundary of a class becomes the lower
boundary of the next class. These boundaries are
Arithmetic Mean
called True class limits.  Individual Series : If x1 , x 2 .........xn are the
Ex. 1) 1-10, 11-20, 21-30 ..... are the classes, the values of the variable x , then the arithmetic mean
lower boundary of the class 11-20 is
usually denoted by x or  or E  x  is given by
10  11
 10.5
2 x1  x2 .....  xn 1 n
x   xi
2) 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99 .......... are the n n i 1
classes, the upper boundary of the class 70-79 is
Note: A.M. (x )  A  
( xi  A)
79  80 where A is the
 79.5 n
2 assumed average. (For individual series)
 Class interval (or) the size of the class :  Discrete Series : If a variable takes values
The difference between the lower limits or the upper
x1 , x 2 .........xn with corresponding frequencies f1,
limits of two consecutive classes is called the Class-
interval (or) the size of the class. f2 ….. fn then the arithmetic mean x is given by
Ex. The class interval in the frequency distribution n
with the classes 1-8, 9-16, 17-24 ... length of class f1 x1  f 2 x2 .....  f n xn 1
x
f1  f 2 ....  f n

N
fx i i ,
= 9-1 = 8 i 1

 Mid value of the class : Mid value of class n

where N   fi
1  10 i 1
1-10 is  5.5
2  Continuous Series : In case of a set of data
 For over lapping classes 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 etc with class intervals, we cannot find the exact value
0  10
of the mean because we do not know the exact
the class mark of the class 0-10 is 5 values of the variables. We, therefore, try to obtain
2
an approximate value of the mean. The method of
3) For non over lapping class 0-19, 20-39, approximate is to replace all the observed values
40-59,...... etc the class mark of the class 20-39 is belonging to a class by mid-value of the class. If
 20  39  x1, x2 … xn are the mid values of the class intervals
   29.5 having corresponding frequencies f1, f2 … fn then
 2 
we apply the same formula as in discrete series.
 Measures of Central Tendency: One of the
n n
most important objectives of statistical analysis is 1
x
N
fx, i i N   fi
to get one single value that describes the i 1 i 1

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 Combined Arithmetic Mean: If  The sum of the squared deviation of the variate from
x i (i  1, 2, ....., k ) are the means of k - series of sizes their mean is minimum i.e., the quantity
2 2
ni (i  1, 2, 3, .......... ., k ) respectively, then the i i is minimum when A  x
  x  A or  f  x  A
i

combined or composite mean x can be obtained  E(aX  b)  aE( X )  b (where E(X) = Mean of X)
by the formula :
W.E-1: The weighted mean of the first n natural
n x  n x  .....  nk x k
x 1 1 2 2 
 ni xi numbers, the weights being the corresponding
n1  n2  .....  nk  ni numbers, is
 Weighted Arithmetic Mean: Sol. First n natural numbers are 1, 2, 3,...,n; whose
Let w1 , w2 , ...., wn be the weights assigned to the corresponding weights are 1, 2, 3,...,n respectively.
11  2 2  .....  n n
values x1, x2 , ....., xn respectively of a variable x,  weight mean  1  2  ....  n
 i i wx 12  2 2  .....  n 2
then the weighted A.M. is x  
 wi . 1  2  .....  n

Properties of Arithmetic Mean n n  12n  1 2n  1

 
 Sum of all the deviations from arithmetic mean is 6n n  1 3
zero i.e., 2

n W.E-2: The weighted mean of the first n natural

  x  x   0 (in case of individual series)
i 1
i numbers whose weights are equal to the
squares of the corresponding numbers is
n

 f  x  x  0 (in case of discrete or Sol. weighted mean  1.1  2.2  ....  n.n
2 2 2
i i
i 1 12  22  ....  n 2
continuous series)
 If each observation is increased or decreased by a n n  1 n n  1
n 3
2 2 3n n  1
given constant K, the mean is also increased or  2 
decreased by K n n n  12n  1 2 2n  1
The property is also known as effect of change of 6
origin. K can be taken to be any number. However, W.E-3: The average salary of male employees in a
to simplify the calculations, K should be taken as a firm is Rs. 5200 and that of females is Rs.4200.
value which is in the middle of the table. The mean salary of all the employees is
 Step Deviation Method or change of scale Rs.5000. The percentage of male and female
If x , x ,............., x are mid values of class intervals employees are respectively is
1 2 n

with corresponding frequencies f1, f2,….,fn then Sol. Let x1  5200, x2  4200, x  5000
xi  A n1 x1  n2 x2
we may change the scale by taking d i 
h
, in Also, we know that x  n1  n2
this case.
n1 4
1   5000n1  n2   5200n1  4200n2  
x  A  h    f i di  (if A is assumed mean) n2 1
N   The percentage of male employees in the firm
A and h can be any numbers but if the lengths of 4
class intervals are equal then h may be taken as  100  80%
4 1
width of the class interval.
and the percentage of female employees in the firm
In particular if each observation is multiplied or
divided by a constant, the mean is also multiplied 1
 100  20%
or divided by the same constant. 4 1
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W.E-4: If the mean of 9 observations is 100 and W.E-8: A student obtain 75%, 80% and 85% in
mean of 6 observations is 80, then the mean of three subjects. If the marks of another subject
15 observations is is added, then his average cannot be less than
Sol. Marks obtained from three subjects out of 300 is
Sol. n1  9, x1  100 and n2  6, x2  80
75  80  85  240
n1 x1  n2 x2 9100  680 If the marks of another subject is added, then the
x   92
n1  n2 96 marks will be  240 out of 400
240
W.E-5: If a variate X is expressed as a linear  minimum average marks   60%
function of two variates U and V in the form 4
[when marks in the fourth subject = 0]
X  aU  bV then the mean X of X is
Sol. we have X  aU  bV W.E-9: The mean of 100 items is 49. It was
discovered that three items which should have
1 1 1
X  X  a. U  b. V been 60, 70, 80 were wrongly read as 40, 20,
n n n 50 respectively. The correct mean is
 X  aU  bV Sol. Sum of 100 items = 49 × 100 = 4900
sum of items added = 60+ 70+80=210
W.E-6:If the arithmetic mean of the numbers new sum = 4900+210–110=5000
x1 , x2 , x3 ....xn is x , then the arithmetic mean 5000
of the numbers  correct mean   50
100
ax1  b, ax2  b, ax3  b,....axn  b , where a, b
W.E-10: The mean weight per student in a group
are two constants, would be of seven students is 55kg. If the individual
Sol. Required mean weights of six students are 52, 58, 55, 53, 56
ax1  b  ax2  b  ....  axn  b and 54, then the weight of the seventh student
 is
n
Sol. The total weight of seven students is 55×7 = 385kg
a  x1  x2  ....  xn  The sum of the weights of six students is
  b  ax  b
n 52+58+55+53+56+54=328kg
Hence, the weight of the seventh student is
 x1  x2  ....  xn 
  x   385  328  57kg
 n 
Geometric Mean
W.E-7: If the mean of the numbers 27  x,31  x ,  In case of individual series x1 , x2 .............xn
89  x , 107  x,156  x is 82, then the mean 1/n
G.M. = ( x1 x2 ............. xn )
of 130  x,126  x, 68  x, 50  x,1  x is
In case of discrete or continuous series
Sol. Given n
27  x   31  x   89  x   107  x   156  x f n 1/ N
82  G.M.   x x ....x
1
f1 f 2
2 n  , where N   fi
5 i 1

 825  410  5 x  410  410  5 x  x  0 W.E-11: The geometric mean of the numbers
Therefore, the required mean is
3,32 ,33 ,....,3n is
130  x  126  x  68  x  50  x  1  x
x
Sol.  G.M  3.32......3n 
1/ n
5
375  5 x 12.....n nn1 n1
  75
7 3 n
3 2n
3 2

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 Harmonic Mean: The harmonic mean is based Median
on the reciprocals of the value of the variable  Individual Series : If the items are arranged in
ascending or descending order of magnitude then
1
1 1 n 1 the middle value is called median.
1 1 1 1 
H.M. =    ....   or H  n  x In case of odd number of values Median = size of
n  x1 x2 xn  i 1 i
n 1
(Incase of Individual series) th item. In case of even number of values
2
n
1 1 1 n n2
and 
H N
f
i 1
i
xi
(in case of discrete series Median = average of
2
th and
2
th

or continuous series) observation.

If x1, x2, …xn > 0 then it is known that  Discrete Frequency Distribution :Arrange
the data in ascending or descending order. Find the
A.M  G.M  H.M cumulative frequencies.
Apply the formula :
W.E-12: Find the harmonic mean of
 N 1
1 2 3 n Median = Size of  2  th item (N is odd)
, , ,....., , occurring with frequencies  
2 3 4 n 1
th th
1, 2, 3,.....n, respectively. 1  N  N  

= 2  2  observation   2  1 observation 
f  

f (N is even)
Sol. We know that, Harmonic mean   
 x  N=  fi = sum of frequencies
 Continuous Frequency Distribution :
n  n  1
 f  1  2  3  ....  n  N
2 Consider the cumulative frequency (c.f.). Find ,
2
f 1 2 3 n
and  x  1/ 2  2 / 3  3 / 4  ....  n / n 1 n

where N   f i . Find the cumulative frequency

i 1

3 2 43 n n  1 (c.f.) just more than N/2. The corresponding value

 2   ... 
2 3 n of x is median.In case of continuous distribution,
N
 2  3  4  ....  n  n 1 the class corresponding to c.f. just more than is
2
Which is an arithmetic progression with a = 2 and called the median class and the median is obtained
d = 1.
hN 
By the formula of sum of n term of an A.P, by Median = l   C
f 2 
 f  n 
     2a  n 1 d  Where l  the lower limit of the median class;
 x   2 
f  the frequency of the median class;
n n h  the width of the median class;
we have  2 2  n 1  3  n
2 2 C  the c.f. of the class preceding to the
 Harmonic mean median class and
n n  1 2 n  1
n
2 N   fi
  
n 3  n n 3  n 2 3  n i 1

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W.E-13: The median of a set of nine distinct Mode : The mode is that value in a series of
observations is 20.5. If each of the last four observations which occurs with greatest frequency.
observations of the set is increased by 2, then In case of individual series, the mode is the value
the median of the new set is which occurs more frequently
In case of discrete series, quite often mode can
 9  1
th
be determined just by inspection i.e. by looking to
Sol. Since n = 9, median term =    5th term.
 2  that value of variable around which the items are
most heavily concentrated.
Now, the last four observations are increased by In case of continuous series,
2. Since the median is the 5th observation, which
remains unchanged, there will be no change in f1  f 0
Mode  l  h
median. 2 f1  f 2  f 0
Where l  the lower limit of the modal class i.e.
W.E-14: If a variable takes the discrete value
the class having maximum frequency;
7 5 1 f 1 = frequency of the modal class;
  4 ,   2 ,   2 ,  3 ,   2 ,   2 , f0= frequency of the class preceding the modal class;
f2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal
1
  ,   5 a  0 , then the median is class and
2 h = width of the modal class.
Sol. Arrange the data as follows:  Relation between Mean, Median and Mode is
7 5 1 mean - mode = 3 (mean - median) or
  ,  3,   ,   2 ,   , Mode = 3 median - 2 mean
2 2 2
W.E-16:The mode of the following distribution is
1
  , 4 ,  5 Class
2 interval
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

1 Frequency 5 8 7 12 28 20 10 10
median  [value of 4th item+value of 5th item] Sol. Here, maximum frequency is 28. Thus, the class
2
40-50 is the modal class.
1
2 f1  f 0
 median  2   5 Mode  l  h
2 f1  f 2  f 0
2 4
10 28 12
W.E-15: The median of distribution 83, 54, 78, 64,  40 
2 28 12  20
90, 59, 67, 72, 70, 73 is
Sol. On arranging in ascending order, we get 54, 59,  40  6.666  46.67 approx.
64, 67, 70, 72, 73, 78, 83, 90
n = 10 W.E-17: If in a frequency distribution, the mean
and median are 20 and 21 respectively, then
10 
th th
10
value of term  value of  1 term its mode is approximately
2 2  Sol. mode = 3 median - 2 mean = 3 (21) -2(20) =23
 median 
2
W.E-18: If in a moderately asymmetrical
value of 5th term  value of 6thterm
 distribution the mode and the mean of the data
2 are 6 and 9 , respectively, then the median is
70  72 Sol. For a moderately skewed distribution,
  71 mode = 3median – 2 mean
2
 6  3median 18  median  8
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Measures of Dispersion: Literally, Where l  the lower limit of the class whose c.f. is
dispersion means ‘scatteredness’. Dispersion just more than iN/4,
measures the degree of scatteredness of the variable f is its frequency and h is its width. C = c.f. of the
about a central value. Different measures of class preceding to the class whose c.f. is just more
dispersion are than iN/4, i = 1,2,3.
1. Range 2. Mean-deviation Note that i = 2 will given us median.
3. Quartile deviation 4. Standard deviation Q3  Q1
 Range: The range is the difference between the Coefficient of Quartile Deviation = Q  Q
3 1
largest and smallest observation.
Range W.E-19: The quartile deviation of daily wages of
Coefficient of Range =
Maximum  Minimum in (Rs.) of 11 persons given below 140, 145,
 Mean-deviation: If x1 , x2 ............xn are n 130, 165, 160, 125, 150, 170, 175, 120, 180
Sol. The given data in ascending order of magnitude is
observations then mean deviation about a point M
120, 125, 130, 140, 145, 150, 160, 165, 170,
is given by
175, 180
1
M.D.   | xi  M | where M is mean or median  n  1
th
n
 111
Here, Q    term  term3rd term
or mode 1
 4  4
= 130
In case of discrete or continuous series
3 n 1 311 1
th
n
1
M.D.  N f i | xi  M |, N   f i Q3    9th =170
i 1 4 4
M.D. is least when taken from the median
Q3  Q1 170 130 40
Mean Deviation QD     20
Coefficient of Mean Deviation = 2 2 2
M
where M is the Mean, Median or Mode  Standard Deviation: Variance  2 in case of
Q3  Q1 individual series is given by
 Quartile Deviation: Q.D. = , where
2 1 n 2 1 n 1 n 
2

Q3 and Q1, are the third quartile and the first quartile.
2
   xi  x
n i 1
    xi2    xi 
n i 1  n i 1 
Q1and Q3can be calculated in a similar manner as
median. In fact, quartiles divides the data into four If x1, x2, ……, xn occur with frequency f1, f2….fn
parts. respectively then  2 (variance)
In case of individual series, arrange the data in 2
ascending or descending order. 1 n 2 1 1 
n 1
 N

  xi  x   fi xi2    fi xi 
N i 1 n 
3  n  1
Q1 = size of 4 th and Q3 = size of th item
Standard deviation = the positive square root of
4
In case of discrete frequency distribution, Q1 is variance
obtained by considering cumulative frequency. Find There is no effect of change of origin on standard
N/4, where N   f i . Find the cumulative deviation
2
frequency (c.f.) just more than N/4. The 1 1  
 x2  h 2   f i d i2    fi di  
corresponding value of x is Q1. Similarly for  N N  
obtaining Q3, find 3N/4 and the c.f. just more than
3N/4. The corresponding value of x is Q3, In case 
Coefficient of Standard Deviation is .
of continuous distribution. x
h N  
Qi  l   i  c  , i  1, 2, 3 Coefficient of variation = 100
f  4  x
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 Combined variance: If there are two samples W.E-22: The mean of five observations is 4 and
of sizes n1 and n2 with x1 and x2 as their means  1 their variance is 5.2. If three of these
observations are 1, 2 and 6, then the other two
and  2 their standard deviations respectively, then
observations are
the combined variance is given by Sol. Let the two unknown items be x and y, then

2 
1  2 2 n1n2 
( x1  x2 )2  1 2  6  x  y
n1  n2
 n11  n2 2 
n1  n2 Mean = 4  4
  5
 x  y  11 .....(1) and variance = 5.2
2
n1  12  d12   n2  22  d 22 
or   12  22  62  x 2  y 2
n1  n2   mean  5.2
2

5
where d1  x1  x and d 2  x2  x , x being the
41  x 2  y 2  5 5.2   4 

combined mean.  
Note :1
if  (X) is variance of X then 41  x 2  y 2  106
V ( X  a)  V ( X ) x 2  y 2  65 ......(2)
V (aX )  a 2V ( X ) Solving (1) and (2) for x and y, we get
x = 4, y = 7 or x = 7, y = 4.
V (aX  b)  a 2V ( X )
V  aX  bY   a 2v  X   b 2v Y  C.U.Q
Note :2 1. The arithmetic mean of the series
For a, a + d, a + 2d, ....., a + (n – 1)d,
n C , n C , n C ,......n C is
2 0 1 2 n
(n  1)d 2 n  1 2
x a ;  d n
2 12 2n 2n 2 n 1 2
Note:3 1) 2) 3) 4)
(n  1) n (n  1) (n 1)
1) Q.D  M.D  S.D 2. The arithmetic mean of the squares of the first
Q.D M.D S.D n natural numbers is
2)  
10 12 15 ( n  1) ( n  1)(2n  1)
1) 2)
6 6
W.E-20: The variance of the first ‘n’ natural
numbers is (n 2  1)
3) 4) n
Sol. Variance 6
3. The standard deviation of a variable x is  .
 x   x 
2
1
  SD   x 2    ,  x 
2

 n   n 
ax  b
n The standard deviation of the variable
c
n n  12n  1  n  n  1
2
n 2 1 where a, b, c are constants is ...
    
6n  2n  12 a2
a a   2a 
1)   2).  3). 4)  
W.E-21: If the M.D is 12, the value of S.D will be c c c2 c
5 5 4. If the mean of the set of numbers x1 , x2, ……
Sol. We know that Q.D =  M .D  12  10 x n is x , then the mean of the numbers
6 6
3 3 x i  2i, 1  i  n is
 S.D  Q.D  10  15
2 2 1) x  n  1 2) x  2n 3) x  2 4) x  n

NARAYANAGROUP 129
 STATISTICS JEE-MAIN-SR-MATHS VOL-I
5. If each observation of a raw data, whose
variance is  2 , is multiplied by  , then the LEVEL-I (C.W)
variance of the new set is 1. For overlapping classes 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, etc.
1)  2 2)  22 3)  2   4)  2  2 Then the class mark of the class
6. If a variable takes values 0, 1, 2, 3, ....... with 0-10 is
1) 0 2) 10 3) 5 4) 6
e  2
  2. Which one of the following measures is the
frequencies proportional to e , e  , ,
2! most suitable one of central location for
e   3 computing intelligence of students?
, ....then the mean of the distribution is 1) Mode 2) A.M. 3). G.M. 4). Median
3!
   2 1 MEAN ( A.M, G.M, H.M)
1) e   2)  3) e    4)  2 e  3. The mean of 20 observations is 15. On
 
7. A cyclist covers his first three miles at an checking it was found that two observations
average speed of 8 m.p.h. Another two miles were wrongly copied as 3 and 6. If wrong
at 3 m.p.h. and the last two miles at 2 m.p.h. observations are replaced by correct values 8
The average speed for the entire journey and 4, then the correct mean is
is : (in m.p.h.) 1) 15 2) 15.15 3) 16.15 4) 17
1) 3 2) 2.4 3) 3.8 4) 3.43 4. The mean weight of 9 items is 15. If one more
item is added to the series the mean becomes
C.U.Q - KEY 16. The value of 10th item is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 1 5) 2 6)2 7) 4 1) 35 2) 30 3) 25 4) 20
5. When 15 was subtracted from each of the
C.U.Q - HINTS seven observations the following number
nco  nc1  ..............  ncn 2n resulted : -3,0,-2,4,6,1,1. The mean of the
1  distribution is
n 1 n 1
1) 14 2) 15 3) 16 14) 17
n  n  1 2n  1  n  1 2n  1 6. Mean of 100 items is 49. It was discovered
2. 
6n 6 that three items which should have been 60,
70, 80 were wrongly read as 40, 20, 50
3. S .D  ax  b   a S .D  x  respectively. The correct mean is.
x1  2  x2  4  x3  6  .....  xn  2n 1
4. 1) 48 2) 82 3) 80 4) 50
n 2
xi 2  4  6  .....2n 7. If the arithmetic and harmonic means of two
   x   n  1 numbers are 4.5 and 4 respectively, then one
n n
of the number is
5.  2 2 1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 4
 2 2 3 3 4 4  MEDIAN & MODE
e        ............. 
6. Mean  2 3 4  8. If the mode of a data is 18 and the mean is 24,

1 then median is
1) 18 2) 24 3) 21 4) 22
  2 3 
  e   1     ........  9. If the median of 21 observations is 40 and if
 1 2 3  the observations greater than the median are
increased by 6 then the median of the new data
Mean   e  e   
 
will be
total distance 40 40
7. 1) 40 2) 46 3) 46 + 4) 46 -
total time 21 21
130 NARAYANAGROUP
 STATISTICS JEE-MAIN-SR-MATHS VOL-I
10. Mode of the data 3, 2, 5, 2, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 2, LEVEL-I (C.W) - HINTS
5 is 1. 5 (mid value of the class)
1) 6 2) 4 3) 3 4) 5
20  15  3  6  8  4
11. Mode of the distribution 3.
Marks 4 5 6 7 8 20
No.of students 3 5 10 6 1 9.15  x
4.  16  135  x  160  x  25
1) 6 2) 10 3) 8 4) 4 10
RANGE, Q.D, S.D AND VARIANCE 3  0  2  4  6  1
5. Mean = 1
12. The range of the following set of observations 7
2, 3, 5, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 7, 4, 3 is The mean of the original distribution=1+15=16
1) 11 2) 7 3) 5.5 4) 6 4900  40  20  50  60  70  80 5000
13. The quartile deviation of daily wages (in Rs.) 6.   50
100 100
of 7 persons given below is 12, 7, 15, 10, 17,
17, 25 is ab 2ab
7.  4.5,  4, a  b  9 ,
1) 14.5 2) 5 3) 3.5 4). 4.5 2 ab
14. If the standard deviation of 0,1,2,3…..9 is K, ab = 18  a = 6
then the standard deviation of 10,11,12,13…. 8. Mode = 3 median - 2 mean, 18 = 3 (median) -2
19 is 66
(24), Median =  22
1) K + 10 2) K 3) 10  K 4) 10 K 3
15. The variance of the first n natural numbers is 9. 40
10. 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6 mode = 5
n 2 1 n 2 1 n2 1 n 2  1 11. The number having maximum frequency
1). 2) 3) 4)
12 6 6 12 12. 9-2=7
16. The mean of four observations is 3. If the sum Q3  Q1
of the squares of these observations is 48 then 13. where Q1  10, Q3  17
2
their standard deviation is [EAMCET-2014] 14. K
1) 2 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7 n2  1
17. I f x1 , x 2 ,....x n are n observations such that 15. 12
n n
1
x x 16. x  3,  x i  48 ;   
2
2
i  400 and i  80 then the least 2 2
x i  (x) 2
i1 i1 n
value of n is [EAMCET-2014] 1
1) 12 2) 15 3) 16 4) 18  x 48  9  12  9  3 ;   3
4
18. The sum of 10 items is 12 and sum of their
1
17.   0,  x i  (x)  0
2
squares is 18, then standard deviation is 2 2

1) –3/5 2) 6/5 3) 4/5 4) 3/5 n

19. The mean of two samples of sizes 200 and 300 18.  xi  12,  xi2  18, n  10
were found to be 25, 10 respectively. Their
2
standard deviations were 3 and 4 respectively.
S .D 
 xi2    xi 
The variance of combined sample of size 500 n  n 
 
is
1) 64 2) 65.2 3) 67.2 4) 64.2 n1 x1  n2 x2
19. Combined mean x  n  n ; d1  x1  x,
1 2
LEVEL-I (C.W) - KEY
1) 3 2) 4 3) 2 4) 3 5) 3 6) 4 7) 2 d 2  x 2  x and use the formula Variance of
8) 4 9) 1 10) 4 11) 1 12) 2 13) 3 14) 2 2
n1  12  d12   n2  22  d 23 
combined data   
15) 1 16) 2 17) 3 18) 4 19) 3  n1  n2 
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 STATISTICS JEE-MAIN-SR-MATHS VOL-I
11. Variance of the data 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is
LEVEL-I (H.W) 1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4) 9

1. For the class intervals 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, etc. LEVEL-I (H.W) - KEY
The length of the class is ...... 1) 1 2) 3 3) 4 4) 2 5) 1 6) 1 7) 3
1). 5 2) 10 3) 0 4) 6
2. Which of the following is not a measure of 8) 1 9) 2 10) 4 11) 3
dispersion?
1) Variance 2) Mean Deviation LEVEL-I (H.W) - HINTS
3) Mode 4) Standard Deviation
1. 5
MEAN ( A.M, G.M, H.M) 2. Mode
3. Which of the following would you regard as 3. Number of persons in family
discrete variable
1) height 2) weight n1 x1  n2 x2
4. x
3) time 4) number of persons in family n1  n2
4. The average salary of male employees in a
firm was Rs. 520 and that of females was Rs. 60  9  x
7
420. The mean salary of all the employees was 5. 10
Rs. 500. The percentage of male and female 6. 25, 28, 20, 8, 10, 15à 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 28,
employees are
1) 30, 70 2) 80, 20 3) 40, 60 4) 50, 50 15  20 35
  17.5
5. Mean of 10 numbers is 6. It was later observed 2 2
that one number was misread as 9. When the 7. The number having maximum frequency
correct mean was 7, then the correct value of
8. Mode = 3 median - 2mean, 34.1 = 3
that number is
1) 19 2) 20 3) 8 4) 10 median -2 (20.6)  34.1  3 median -41.2,

MEDIAN & MODE 75.3

Median   25.1
6. The median of the scores 25,28,20,8,10,15 is 3
1. 17.5 2. 16.5 3. 20.2 4. 13.5
7. A data consists of two 2’s, four 4’s, six 6’s, 9. Q3  Q1
three 8’s, and 10. Then the mode of data is 2
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8
n
8. In a moderately asymmetrical series, the 10. Mean = np 
values of arithmetic mean and mode are at 20.6 2
and 34.1 respectively. The value of the median nc1  2.nc 2  3.nc 3  ..................  n.ncn
is ,
2n
1) 25.1 2) 28.0 3) 23.4 4) 35.3
RANGE, Q.D, S.D AND VARIANCE n n
Variance = , S.D. 
9. For a symmetric distribution Q1=20, Q3=40 the 4 2
median of data is
2
1) 20 2) 30 3) 40 4) 10 2 xi 2  xi 
10. The standard deviation of the data given by 11.     
n  n 
Variate (x) 0 1 2 3. . . . . n
2
Frequency (f) n C0 n C1 n C 2 nC . . . .n
3 Cn 4  16  36  64  100  30 
  
44
 36  8
5  2  5
(n  1) n 2n n
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 n 2
132 NARAYANAGROUP
 STATISTICS JEE-MAIN-SR-MATHS VOL-I
7. The frequency distribution of discrete data
LEVEL-II - (C.W) given below, the frequency x against value 0
is missing.
MEAN (A.M, G.M, H.M) Variable x : 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. The geometric mean of 10 observations on a Frequency f : x 20 40 40 20 4
certain variable was calculated as 16.2. It was If the mean is 2.5, then the missing frequency
later discovered that one of the observations x will be____
was wrongly recorded as 12.9; infact it was 21.9. 1) 0 2) 1 3) 3 4) 4
The correct geometric mean is
8. The minimum value of ( x  6)2  ( x  3)2 
1/10 1/10
 (16.2)9  21.9   (16.2)10  21.9  ( x  8)2  ( x  4)2  ( x  3) 2 is
1)  
 2)  

 12.9   12.9  1) 114 2) 141 3) 104 4) 2
9. Product of n positive numbers is unity. The sum
10 1/10 11 1/11 of these numbers cannot be less than
 (16.2) 12.9   (16.2)  21.9 
3)      1) 1 2) n 3) n2 4) 2
21 .9  4)  12 .9 
    10. An automobile driver travels from plane to hill
station 100 km distance at an average speed
2. The A.M. of the observations of 30 km per hour. He then makes the return
1.3.5, 3.5.7, 5.7.9, ......., (2n-1)(2n+1)(2n+3) trip at average speed of 20 km per hour. What
is   n  N  is his average speed over the entire distance
(200 km)?
1) 2n 3  6n 2  7 n  2 2) n 3  8n 2  7 n  2
1) 25 km/hr 2). 24.6 km/hr
3) 2n 3  5n 2  6n  1 4) 2n 3  8n 2  7 n  2 3) 24 km/hr 4) 24.5 km/hr
3. The mean weight of 9 items is 15. If one more 11. If A.M. = 24.5, G.M. = 24.375 then H.M. =
item is added tot he series the mean becomes 1) 24 2) 24.125 3) 24.5 4) 24.25
16. The value of 10th item is MEDIAN & MODE
1) 35 2) 30 3) 25 4) 20 12. The minimum value of | x  6 |  | x  3 | 
4. The mean marks got by 300 students in the
| x  8 |  | x  4 |  | x  3 | is
subject of statistics was 45. The mean of the
1) 11 2) 21 3) 31 4) 42
top 100 of them was found to be 70 and the
13. If in a frequency distribution, the mean and
mean of the last 100 was known to be 20, then
median are 21 and 22 respectively, then its
the mean of the remaining 100 students is
mode is approximately
1) 45 2) 58 3) 68 4) 88
1) 20.5 2) 22.0 3) 24.0 4) 25.5
5. The average marks of boys in a class is 52
and that of girls is 42. The average marks of M.D, S.D & VARIANCE
boys and girls combined is 50. The percentage 14. Mean deviation of the series a, a+d, a + 2d,--
of boys in the class is AIEEE - 2007 --------, a + 2nd from its mean is
1) 60 2) 40 3) 20 4) 80 n  1d nd 2n  1d n n  1d
1)
6. Mean of ‘n’ items is x . If these n items are 2n  1 2n  1 n (n  1) 4) 2n  1
2) 3)
2 3 n
successively incr eased by 2, 2 , 2 , ..... 2 , then 15. If mean deviation through median is 15 and
the new mean is median is 450, then coefficient of mean
deviation is
2n 1 2n 1 2
1) x  2) x   1) 1/30 2) 30 3) 15 4) 45
n n n 16. The mean and S.D. of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is
2n 7 35 7 35
3) x  4) x  2n 1) 3, 3 2) , 3) , 3 4)
n 2 12 2 12

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17. If the S.D. of n observations x1, x2, ..., xn is 4 LEVEL-II (C.W) - HINTS
and another set of n observations y1, y2, ...., yn 1
is 3 the S.D. of n observations x1-y1, x2-y2, .......,  16.2 10  21.9 10
xn- yn is 1.  
 12.9 
 
1) 1 2) 2 / 3 3) 5 4) 7
  2n  1 2n  1 2n  3   4n  1  2n  3
2
18. The variance of first 10 multiples of 3 is
2. 
1) 64.25 2) 54.25 3) 70.25 4) 74.25 n n
2 1
19. Let r be the range and S 
n 1
 x i  x 2 .   8n3  12n 2  2n  3

n
If S2  r 2 k then k is equal to
 2 n 3  8n 2  7 n  2
1 n n 1 1 3. 15 x 9 = 135
1) 2) 3) 4) 2  n  1
n 1 n 1 2(n  1) 16 x 10 = 160
20. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 and 10th item is 160 - 135 = 25
the variance is 6.80, then which of the following
gives possible values of a and b (AIEEE-2008) 4. fx i i

1) a = 0, b = 7 2) a = 5, b = 2 f i
3) a = 1, b = 6 4) a= 3, b = 4 5. no. of boys = b, no. of girls = g
21. Suppose a population A has 100 observations
101, 102....., 200 and another population B has  b  52    g  42    b  g  50  b : g  4 :1
100 observations 151, 152, ..... 250. If VA 2  2 n  1 2n 1 2
6. X X 
and VB represent the variances of the two n n n
populations, respectively, respectively, then
fx i i
 2.5
VA / VB is 7.
f i
1) 1 2) 9/4 3) 4/9 4) 2/3
8. Minimum value obtained at the mean of
22. If the mean deviation about the median of the
6, -3, 8, -4, 3
numbers a, 2a, ........, 50a is 50, then a equal to 9. A.M.  G.M
1) 4 2) 5 3) 2 4) 3 x1  x2  x3  ........  xn n
23. The variance of first 50 even natural numbers  x1 x2 ........xn ,
n
is
n
x1  x2  .......xn
833 437  1   xi  n
1) 2) 833 3) 437 4) n i 1
4 4
24. All the students of a class performed poorly in 2V V 2  30  20
10. V  Average   V  V  30  20  24 km / hr
1 2

Mathematics. The teacher decided to give 1 2

grace marks of 10 to each of the students. 11. G 2  A.H

Which of the following statistical measures will
12. Minimum value obtained at median of
not change even after the grace marks were
-4, -3, 3, 6, 8
given? [JEE MAIN-2013]
13. Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
1) mode 2) variance 3) mean 4) median
14. Mean x  a  nd
LEVEL-II (C.W) - KEY
1) 2 2) 4 3) 3 4) 1 5) 4 6) 2 7) 4 1 n  n  1
M .D. 
 2n  1  xi  x 
 2n  1
d
8) 1 9) 2 10) 3 11) 4 12) 2 13) 3 14) 4
15) 1 16) 2 17) 3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 4 21) 1 M .D
15.
22) 1 23) 2 24) 2 Median

134 NARAYANAGROUP
 STATISTICS JEE-MAIN-SR-MATHS VOL-I
2. If a variable takes values 0, 1, 2, ....., n with
x
 x , i 2  n2  1  2
 d frequencies proportional to q n , nC1 pq n 1 ,
16.
n  12  n
C2 p 2 q n  2 ,...... p n where p+q=1 then the mean is
2 2
17. V  aX  bY   a V  X   b V Y 
1). np 2) nq 3) npq 4) np 2
2  n2  1 
2
3. The A.M. of n observations is M, If the sum
18.     d where n = 10, d = 3 of (n-4) observations is a then the mean of
 12 
remaining 4 observations is
19. range ' r ' and variance " 2 " related by,,  2  r 2 nM  a nM  a nM  a
1) 2) 3) 4) n M + a
2 4 4 2

 xi  x  2

n
  2   xi  x    n 2 , 4. A distribution consists of three components
with frequencies 300, 200 and 600 having their
means 16, 8 and 4 respectively, then the mean
1 2
S2   xi  x , S 2  n  2  r 2 k
  of combined distribution is
 n  1 n 1 1) 11 2) 10 3) 9 4) 8
5. When 10 is subtracted from all the
n
k  observations, the mean is reduced to 60% of
 n  1 its value. If 5 is added to all the observations,
then the mean will be
a  b  8  5  10
20.  6 ab  7 1) 25 2) 30 3) 60 4) 65
5 6. A student has obtained 75%, 80% and 85%
now use verification for variance in three subjects. If the marks of another
21. VB  x   VA  X  50   VA  X  subject are added then his average can not be
less than
 xi  M 51a 1) 60% 2) 65% 3) 80% 4) 90%
22. M.D  ,M  and n  50  a  4 7. The mean weight of 150 students in a certain
n 2
class is 60 kilograms. The mean weight of boys
23. X 
x i

2  4  ...100
 51
in the class is 70 kilograms and that of the girls
n 50 is 55 kilograms, then the number of boys and
girls are
1 2
variance =
n
 x12  x   8.
1) 100,50 2) 50,100 3) 75,75 4) 60, 90
The following table given, the average score
1 2 
of the students is
50
 2  4 2  ...  100 2    51  833 No. of students (f) 8 12 20 10 6 4
Marks(x) 20 30 40 50 60 70
24. Median will go up by 2 and S.D. will remain same. 1) 41 2) 42 3) 40 4) 39
9. The mean of following frequency table is 50.
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Total
LEVEL-II - (H.W) Frequency 17 f1 32 f2 19 120
The missing frequencies are
MEAN (A.M, G.M, H.M) 1) 28, 24 2) 24, 36 3) 36, 28 4) 28, 34
1. If a variable takes the values 0, 1, 2, ..... n with 10. Let G1, G2 be the geometric means of two
frequencies proportional to the binomial series x1, x2, ......, xn; y1, y2, ....., yn. If G is the
xi
coefficients n C0 , n C1,......n C n then the mean geometric mean of y , i = 1, 2, ...... n, then G
i
of the distribution is
is equal to
n (n  1) n n (n  1) n (n  1) log G1 G1
1) 2). 3) 4) 1) G1 - G2 2) log G 3) G 4) G1 + G2
4 2 2 2 2 2

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11. If x1, x2, x3 are three non zero real numbers 18 18
such that  x12  x22  x22  x32   x x
1 2  x2 x3 
2
18. If  (x i  8)  9 and  (x i  8)2  45 then
i 1 i 1
then the G.M. of x1, x2, x3 is
the standard deviation of x1, x2, ...., x18 is
x1x 2 x 3 1) 4/9 2) 9/4 3) 3/2 4) 2/3
1) x1 2) x2 3) x3 4) 19. The mean square deviation of n observations
3
12. The harmonic mean of the numbers 2, 3, 4 is x1, x2, ....., xn about -2 and 2 are 18 and 10
respectively. Then S.D. of the given set is
1 36 13 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
1) 3 2) 3) 4)
(24) 3 13 36 20. The median and S.D. of a distribution are 20
and 4 respectively. If each item is increased
MEDIAN & MODE by 2, the new median and S.D. are
7 1) 20, 6 2) 22, 6 3) 18, 6 4) 22, 4
13. If a variable taken discrete values x+4, x  , 21. The mean of five observations is 4 and their
2
variance is 5.2. If three of these observations
5 1 1
x , x - 3, x - 2, x  , x  , x + 5 (x>0) are 1, 2, and 6. Then the other two are
2 2 2
1) 2 and 9 2) 3 and 8 3) 4 and 7 4) 5 and 6
then Median is
22. For two data sets, each of size 5, the variances
5 1 5 are given to be 4 and 5 and the corresponding
1) x  2) x  3) x - 2 4) x  means are given to be 2 and 4, respectively.
4 2 4
14. The median wage of the worker in the following The variance of the combined data set is
table is AIEEE - 2010
Wages/ Week No. of workers c.f 1) 5/2 2) 11/2 3) 6 4) 13/2
23. The sum of squares of deviations for 10 items
(Rs.) F
from the mean (=50) is 250. The coefficient of
50 - 59 15 15
variation is
60 - 69 40 55 1) 25 2) 50 3) 10 4) none
70 - 79 50 105 24. If the standard deviation of 10 observations
80 - 89 60 165
x1 x2 ,.....x10 is 4 and that of another set of 10
90 - 99 45 210
100 - 109 40 250 observations y1 , y2 ,....... y10 is 3 and also
110 - 119 15 265
1) Rs. 80.08 2) Rs 82.08 3) 84.08 4) 81.04
X i  xi  x yi  y , x is mean of all xi' s and   
15. The value of the mode given below is 10

y is mean of all yi .  X i  80 then standard

's
Mark 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 i 1

Freq. 5 15 20 20 32 14 14 deviation of ten observations

1) 43 2) 42 3) 41 4) 44
 x1  y1  ,  x2  y2  ,.....  x10  y10  is
M.D, S.D & VARIANCE 1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 5
16. Mean deviation of numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 is
1) 0 2) 1.2 3) 5 4) 25 LEVEL-II (H.W) - KEY
17. The mean deviation of the following distribution 1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4 5) 2 6) 1 7) 2
is 8) 1 9) 1 10) 3 11) 2 12) 3 13) 1 14) 3
x 10 11 12 13 14
15) 4 16) 2 17) 2 18) 3 19) 3 20) 4 21) 3
f 3 12 18 12 3
22) 2 23)3 24) 2
1) 12 2) 0.75 3) 1.25 4) 26
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LEVEL-II (H.W) - HINTS

N 
1. Mean  2 m
l C
0.nco  1.nc1  2.nc2  3.nc3  ...............  n.ncn 14. Median =  f  ,
 
  
2n
l  79.5, N  265, m  105, f  60, c  10 ,
n.2n 1 n
 n  Median = 84.08
2 2
 f 0  f1 
nM  a fx i i 15. Mode = l  2 f  f  f  C ,
 1 2
2. np, 3. , 4. 0
4 f i
l  40, f 0  32, f1  20, f 2  14, c  10 ,
3
5.  5

x  10  x  x  25 . Mode=44
The mean required = 25 + 5 = 30 3 45 67
6. Average cannot be less than the average of 16. x   5,
5
75, 80, 85, 0
1 6
7.  b  70    g  55   b  g  60  b : g  1: 2 Mean deviation (M.D) =  x  xi   1.2
n 5

fx i i 1
fi xi  x , where
8. 17. Mean deviation (M.D.) =
f i N
f i xi x  A.M . N = 48, X  12 , M.D.=0.75
9. f1  f 2  52 , use x  , 3 f1  7 f 2  252 ,
N 2
2 1 18 2  1 18 
N  f i , f1  28, f 2  24 18.     i     xi  8 
x  8 
18 i 1 18 11 
10. n x1 x2 x3 ...........xn  G1 , 2
1 1  5 1 9
 .(45)   .9    
n y1 y2 ............... yn  G2 , 18  18  2 4 4

xi x2 x G 3
Gn . ........... n  1  S .D. 
y1 y2 yn G2 2
2
11.  x  x  x  x    x x  x x 
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3 1 2 2 3 on expanding
19.
1 2
  xi  2   18 ———— (1),
n
2 2
x x  x   0,  x  x x
1 3 2
2
2 1 3
1 2
  xi  2   10 ———— (2)
3 36 n
H .M  
12. 1 1 1 13
  1 2
2 3 4 adding equation 1 & 2, xi  10 ,
2
7 5 1 1
13. x  , x  3, x  , x  2, x  , x  , x  4, x  5 1
2 2 2 2 subtracting 2 from 1, xi  1,  S.D. =   3
n
1
x2 x 20. Median is increased by 2 and
Median  2  x5
2 4 S.D does not change

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xi2 STATEMENTS
21. x  y  11,  16  5.2 , xi2  106 , 2. Consider the following statements :
5
i) Mean of 100 observations is 50 and standard
x 2  y 2  65 , x  y  11, x 2  y 2  65  xy  28 ,
deviation is 10. If 5 is added to each
 x  7, y  4 observation the new mean and standard
deviation are 55, 10.
1  2 n1 n2 2
2
22.   n  n
2
 n1 1  n2 2 
n1  n2
x1  x2    ii) Mean of 100 observations is 50 and standard
1 2   deviation is 10. If each observation is multipled
23. d 2  250 , x  50, n  10 , by 3 then the new mean and standard deviation
10
d 2
2 are 50, .
   25    5 , 3
n
The true statements are :
 1) only (i) 2) only (ii)
Coefficient of variance  100 
x 3) both (i), (ii) 4) neither (i) nor (ii)
2
 x  x i
MATCHING
24.  x  4   x2  16    16 3. Match the correct parts to make a valid
10
statement :
2

 y  3   y2  9  
 y  y
i
9
List - I List - II
A) Arithmetic Mean 1) l  [ f 2 /( f1  f 2 )] i
10
2
B) Geometric Mean 2) ( x1  x2  .........  xn )1 / n

Let Zi   xi  yi  Then  z 
 z  z
i C) Harmonic Mean 3)  fX /  f
n
N / 2c f
D) Median 4) l  i
2 f
  x  x    y  y 
i i
 1
10 1  1 1 1 
E) Mode 5)  n  x  x  ......  x  
2 2
  1 2 n 

 x  x   y  y
i i
2
  x  x  y  y 
i i
f1  f 0
10 10 10 6) l  i
2 f1  f 0  f 2
80 A B C D E A B C D E
 16  9  2  3
10 1) 3 5 4 1 2 2) 2 4 1 5 3
3) 3 2 5 4 6 4) 1 3 2 4 6
LEVEL-III 4. A.Match the values of Q1 , Q2 & Q3 for the
following data values
ASCENDING & DESCENDING 13, 14, 7,12,17,8,10,6,15,18,21,20
1. I. The geometric mean of 2, 4, 16 and 32 is a
List - I List - II
II. The strength of 7 colleges in a city are 385,
1748, 1343, 1935, 786, 2874, 2108. Then the A) Q1 1) 13
median strength is b. B) Q2 2) 8.5
III.The algebric sum of the deviations of 20
observations measured from 30 is 2. The mean C) Q3 3) 17.5
of these observations is c. A B C A B C
1) a < b < c 2) b < c < a 1) 1 2 3 2) 2 1 3
3) c < a < b 4) a < c < b 3) 3 2 1 4) 3 1 2
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ASSERTION & REASON 1)Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true,

5. Statement-I : The variance of first n even Statement-II is a correct explanation for
Statement-I
n2  1
natural numbers is 2)Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ;
4
Statement-II is not a correct explanation for
Statement-II : The sum of first n natural Statement-I
n  n  1 3)Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false
numbers is and the sum of squares
2 4)Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true
n  n  1  2 n  1 
of first n natural numbers is
6 LEVEL-III - KEY
(AIEEE-2009)
1) 4 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 3 6) 4 7) 3
1) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ;
Statement-II is not a correct explanation for
Statement-I LEVEL-III - HINTS
2) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false
3) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true 1. a  (2.4.16.32)1/ 4  8
4) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true, b 1748
Statement-II is a correct explanation for
Statement-I
c  A
 ( x  A)
i

6. Observe the following statements : n

Statement-I : 10 is the mean of a set of 7
2
observations and 5 is the mean of a set of 3  30   30.1
observations. The mean of a combined set is 9. 20

Statement-II : If x i ( i  1, 2, ....., k ) are the 2. Mean of axi  b  ax  b

means of k-series of sizes ni (i  1, 2,3,......, k )
respectively, then the combined or composite S .D. of axi  b  a 

n1 x1  n2 x 2  .....  nk x k th
mean is x   n 1 
n1  n2  .....  nk 4. Q1    value
 4 
1)Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true,
th th
Statement-II is a correct explanation for n n 
Statement-I   value    1 value
2 2 
2)Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true; Q2   
2
Statement-II is not a correct explanation for
Statement-I th
 n 1
3)Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false Q3  3   value
4)Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true  4 
____
7. Let x1 , x2 ,...., xn be n observations, and let x 7. V  ax  b   a 2 v  x  2 x  2.x
be their arithmetic mean and  2 be their
variance,
Statement I: Variance of 2 x1 , 2 x2 ,...2 xn is 4 2
Statement II: Arithmetic mean of
2 x1 , 2 x2 ,...., 2 xn is 4x (AIEEE - 2012)
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