Buddhism and Jainism: QUASIF ANSARI (Use Code QALIVE For All Courses On Unacademy)

QUASIF ANSARI ( Use Code QALIVE for all courses on unacademy )
Buddhism and Jainism

• Causes of Origin
1. The Kshatriya reaction against the domination of the priestly class called
Brahmanas. Mahavira and Gautama Buddha, both belonged to the Kshatriya clan.
2. Indiscriminate killing of cattle for Vedic sacrifices and for food had led to the
destabilization of the new agricultural economy which was dependent on cattle
for ploughing the fields. Both Buddhism and Jainism stood against this killing.
3. The growth of cities with the increase in the circulation of Punch Marked coins and
trade and commerce had added to the importance of Vaishyas who looked for a
new religion to improve their position. Jainism and Buddhism facilitated their
needs
4. The new forms of property created social inequalities and the common people
wanted to get back to their primitive form of life
5. Growing complexity and degeneration of Vedic religion.
• Difference between Jainism and Buddhism and Vedic Religion

1. They did not attach any importance to the existing Varna system
2. They preached the Gospel of non-violence
3. They accepted Vaishyas, including the Moneylenders who were condemned by
Brahmanas
4. They preferred simple, puritan and ascetic living
Buddhism
Gautama Buddha and Buddhism
Gautama Buddha was born in 563 BC in the Republican clan of Shakyas in Lumbini near
Kapilavastu. His mother was a princess from the Kosalan dynasty.
Four Sights of Buddha’s life at the age of 29 had moved him to the path of renunciation. They are
• An old man
• A diseased person
• An ascetic
• A dead person
Important events in the life of Buddha

Events Places Symbols
Janma Lumbini Lotus and Bull
Mahabhinishkramana Horse
Nirvana Bodh Gaya Bodhi Tree
Dharmachakra Pravartana Saranath Wheel
Mahaparinirvana Kushinagar Stupa
Doctrines of Buddhism
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• Four noble truths

1. Dukha – life is full of sorrow
2. Samyuda – there are causes for the sorrow
3. Nirodha – they can be stopped
4. Nirodha Gamini Pratipada – Path leading towards cessation of sorrow
• Ashtangika Marga
1. Right observation
2. Right determination
3. Right exercise
4. Right action
5. Right speech
6. Right memory
7. Right meditation
8. Right livelihood
• Madhya Marga – to avoid the excess of both luxury and austerity

• Triratnas – Buddha, Dharma and Sangha
Special features of Buddhism and the causes of its spread

1. Buddhism does not recognize the existence of god and soul
2. Women were also admitted to the Sangha. Sangha was open to all, irrespective of caste
and sex
3. Pali language was used which helped in the spread of Buddhist doctrines among the
common people
4. Ashoka embraced Buddhism and spread it to Central Asia, West Asia and Srilanka
5. Buddhist Councils
First Council: The first council was held in the year 483 B.C at Saptaparni caves near
Rajgriha in Bihar under the patron of king Ajatshatru, during the first council two Buddhist
works of literature were compiled Vinaya and Sutta Pitaka by Upali
Second Council: The second council was held in the year 383 B.C at Vaishali under the
patron of king Kalashoka
Third Council: The third council was held in the year 250 B.C at Patliputra under the
patron of King Ashoka the Great, during the third council Abhidhamma Pitaka was added
and Buddhist holy book Tripitaka was compiled.
Fourth Council: The fourth council was held in the year 78 A.D at Kundalvan in Kashmir
under the patron of king Kanishka, during this council Hinayana and Mahayana were
divided.
Causes of the decline of Buddhism

1. Buddhism succumbed to the rituals and ceremonies which it had originally denounced

2. They gave up Pali and took Sanskrit. They began to practice idol worship and received
numerous offerings from devotees
3. Monasteries came under the domination of ease loving people and became the centre of
corrupt practices
4. Vajrayana form started to develop.
5. Buddhists came to look upon women as objects of lust.
Importance and influence of Buddhism

Literature
1. Tripitaka
1. Sutta Pitaka – Buddha’s sayings
2. Vinaya Pitaka – Monastic code
3. Abhidhamma Pitaka – religious discourses of Buddha
2. Milindapanho – the dialogue between Menander and Saint Nagasena
3. Dipavamsha and Mahavamsha – the great chronicles of Sri Lanka
4. Buddhacharita by Ashvagosha
Sects
1. Hinayana (Lesser Wheel) - They believe in the real teachings of Gautam Buddha of
attaining Nirvana. They do not believe in idol worship and Pali language was used in the
Hinayana text
2. Mahayana (Greater Wheel) - They believe that Nirvana is attained by the grace of
Gautam Buddha and following Boddhisattvas and not by following his teachings. They
believe in idol worship and Sanskrit was used in Mahayana text
3. Vajrayana - They believe that Nirvana is attained by the help of magical tricks or black
magic.
Bodhisattvas
1. Vajrapani
2. Avalokitesvara or Padmapani
3. Manjushri
4. Maitreya
5. Kshitigriha
6. Amitabha/Amitayusha
Buddhist architectures
1. Places of Worship – Stupas containing the relics of Buddha or Bodhisattvas. Chaityas are
the prayer hall while Viharas are the place of residence of monks
2. Development of Cave architecture eg. Barabar caves in Gaya
3. Development of Idol worship and sculptures
4. Growth of universities of par excellence which attracted students from all over the world
Jainism
Jainism believes in 24 Tirthankaras with Rishabdev being the first and Mahavira, contemporary
of Buddha being the 24th Tirthankara. The 23rd Tirthankar Parshwanath (Emblem: Snake) was the

son of King Ashvasena of Banaras. The 24th and the last Tirthankar was Vardhman Mahavira
(Emblem: Lion). He was born in Kundagram (Distt Muzaffarpur, Bihar) in 540 BC. His father
Siddhartha was the head of Jnatrika clan. His mother was Trishla, sister of Lichchavi Prince Chetak
of Vaishali. Mahavira was related to Bimbisara. Married to Yashoda, had a daughter named
Priyadarsena, whose husband Jamali became his first disciple. At 30, after the death of his
parents, he became an ascetic. In the 13th year of his asceticism (on the 10th of Vaishakha),
outside the town of Jrimbhikgrama, he attained the supreme knowledge (Kaivalya). From now
on he was called Jaina or Jitendriya and Mahavira, and his followers were named Jains. He also
got the title of Arihant, i.e., worthy. At the age of 72, he attained death at Pava, near Patna, in
527 BC.
Five vows of Jainism

• Ahimsa – non-violence
• Satya – do not speak a lie
• Asteya – do not steal
• Aparigraha – do not acquire property
• Brahmacharya – celibacy
Three main principles

• Ahimsa
• Anekantavada
• Aparigraha
Triratna's of Jainism
• Right faith – Samayak Shradha
• Right Knowledge – Samayak Jnan
• Right Conduct – Samayak karma
Five types of knowledge

• Mati jnana
• Shruta jnana
• Avadhi jnana
• Manahparayaya Jnana
• Keval Jnana
Jain council
• 1st Council at Patliputra under the Patron of Chandragupta Maurya in 300 BC during which
the 12 angas were compiled
• 2nd Council at Vallabhi in 512 AD during which the final compilation of 12 angas and 12
upangas was done
Sects
• Shwetambars – Sthulabhadra – People who put on white robes. Those who stayed back
in the North during the times of famine

• Digambars – Bhadrabahu – Exodus of monks to Deccan and South during the times of
Magadhan famine. They have a naked attire
Jain Literature
Jain literature used Prakrit, which is a common language of people than using Sanskrit. In this
way, Jainism reached far and wide through people. The important literary works are
• 12 Angas
• 12 Upangas
• 10 Parikramas
• 6 Chhedsutras
• 4 Mulasutras
• 2 Sutra Grantas
• Part of Sangam literature is also attributed to Jain scholars.

Q.1. The fourth Buddhist Council was held at :

A. Pataliputra
B. Vaishali
C. Kundalavana
D. Bodh Gaya
Ans- C
The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana (presumed to be in or near Srinagar),
Kashmir in 72 AD under the patronage of Kushan king Kanishka and the president of this
council was Vasumitra, with Asvaghosa as his deputy.

Q.2. Consider the following statements with reference to the First Buddhist Council.
1 The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir where the council distinctly
divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayana and Hinayana.
2. The idea was to preserve Buddha’s teachings (Sutta) and rules for disciples (Vinaya).
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Ans-B
• First Buddhist Council was held soon after the mahaparinirvana of the Buddha, around
400 BC under the patronage of king Ajatshatru with the monk Mahakasyapa presiding,
at Rajgriha, in the Sattapani Cave.
• The idea was to preserve Buddha’s teachings (Sutta) and rules for disciples (Vinaya).
• Ananda, one of the great disciples of Buddha recited Suttas and Upali, another disciple
recited Vinaya.
• The Fourth (not first) Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir where the
council distinctly divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayana and Hinayana.

Q.3. In the context of Buddhist history, Mahapajapati Gotami was
A. Composer of Buddhacharita
B. The queen who extended the highest financial patronage to Buddhism
C. Author of Abhidhamma Pitaka
D. First woman to be ordained as a bhikkhuni.
Ans-D
➢ Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī was the step-mother and maternal aunt (mother's sister) of the
Buddha.
➢ In Buddhist tradition, she was the first woman to seek ordination for women, which she
did from Gautama Buddha directly, and she became the first bhikkhuni (Buddhist nun).

Q.4. Consider the following statements.
1. Bimbisara and Ajatasatru of Magadha accepted Buddha’s doctrines and became his disciples.
2. Buddha in his lifetime spread his message far and wide in north India and gave his thoughts
regarding metaphysical questions like god, soul, karma, rebirth, etc.
3. Buddha never visited Nalanda.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1, 2
B. 1, 3
C. 1 only
D. 2, 3
Ans-C
• The most important disciples of Buddha were Sariputta, Moggallanna, Ananda, Kassapa
and Upali. Kings like Prasenajit of Kosala and Bimbisara and Ajatasatru of Magadha
accepted his doctrines and became his disciples.
• Buddha in his lifetime spread his message far and wide in north India and visited places
like Benares, Rajagriha, Sravasti, Vaisali, Nalanda and Pataligrama. It should be noted
that he did not involve himself in fruitless controversies regarding metaphysical
questions like god, soul, karma, rebirth, etc., and concerned himself with the practical
problems confronting man.

Q.5. Bhagwati sutra is related to which of the following religions?

A. Buddhism
B. Jainism
C. Hinduism
D. Sikhism
Ans-B
Bhagwati sutra is the fifth of the 12 Jain Agamas said to be promulgated by Mahavira. The
Bhagwati sutra is said to have been composed by Sudharmaswami by the Śvētāmbara school of
Jainism.

Q.6. With reference to the cultural history of India, the term ‘Upasaka’ refers to
A. Renunciant and Wanderer
B. Lay follower of Buddhism
C. Priest with a high status
D. None of the above
Ans-B
Upāsaka (masculine) or Upāsikā (feminine) is the title of followers of Buddhism (or, historically,
of Gautama Buddha) who are not monks, nuns, or novice monastics in a Buddhist order, and
who undertake certain vows.

Q.7. Consider the following statements regarding the features of Mahayana Buddhism:
1. The worship of images of the Buddha was not an important part of this tradition.
2. A belief in Bodhisattvas.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Ans-A
Development of Mahayana Buddhism:
• By the first century CE, there is evidence of changes in Buddhist ideas and practices.
Early Buddhist teachings had given great importance to self-effort in achieving nibbana.
Besides, the Buddha was regarded as a human being who attained enlightenment and
nibbana through his own efforts.
• However, gradually the idea of a saviour emerged. It was believed that he was the one
who could ensure salvation.
• Simultaneously, the concept of the Bodhisattvas also developed. Bodhisattvas were
perceived as deeply compassionate beings who accumulated merit through their
efforts but used this not to attain nibbana and thereby abandon the world, but to help
others.
• The worship of images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas became an important part of
this tradition.
• This new way of thinking was called Mahayana – literally, the “great vehicle”. Those who
adopted these beliefs described the older tradition as Hinayana or the “lesser vehicle”.

Q.8. Which of the following were common to both Buddhism and Jainism?
1. Indifference to the authority of the vedas.
2. Denial of efficacy of rituals.
3. Non-injury to animal life.
Select the correct answer code:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 2, 3,
C. 1 ,3,
D. 1, 2
Ans-A
• Certain common points in their philosophic content are also striking. Both of them reject
the authority of the Vedas and the Vedic priests; Both repudiate the efficacy of
ceremonies and rituals; both bitterly condemn animal sacrifices; and both ignore God.
• Buddhism: Middle path: moderate method of attaining salvation
• Jainism: Extreme methods of attaining salvation.

Q.9. The concept of Anuvrata was advocated by :
A. Jainism
B. Mahayana Buddhism
C. Lokayata School
D. Hinayana Buddhism
Ans-A
In Jainism, ahimsa is the standard by which all actions are judged. For a householder observing
the small vows (anuvrata), the practice of ahimsa requires that one not kill any animal life.
Anuvrata is Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha. These are the five fundamental
vows of Jainism.

Q.10. The Buddhist universities of Nalanda and Vikramshila in Bihar were destroyed during
the invasions of
A. Mahmud of Ghazni
B. Muhammad Ghori
C. Bakhtiyar Khalji
D. All Mardan Khalji
Ans-C
the Buddhist king Harshavardhana (606–648 AD) restored the university. The third and most
destructive attack came when the ancient Nalanda University was destroyed by the Muslim
army led by the Turkish leader Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193.

Q.11 . Which of the following describes correctly about ‘Bodhisattvas’?

A. It refers to holy persons who had lived on Earth before the Buddha.
B. It refers to any person who is on the path towards Buddha but has not attained yet.
C. It refers to the persons who had lived with Gautama Buddha in the search of enlightenment.
D. Both A and B
Ans. D
➢ Bodhisattvas were not Buddha, they were the other holy persons called the
'Bodhisattvas', whom the Buddhists respected.
➢ The Bodhisattvas were holy persons who had lived on earth before the Buddha and one
who seeks awakening hence, an individual on the path to becoming a Buddha.

Q.12. Consider the following statements with reference to 'Buddhism' and 'Jainism':
1. Avoid the extremities of luxury and austerity.
2. Rejected the sacrifices performed in accordance to the Vedic rituals.
3. Salvation could be attained through penance.
Which of the above statement(s) was/were common to both the religions?
A. 2 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Ans-A
Statement 1 is incorrect: Buddha asked his followers to follow Madhyamarga. However,

Mahavira asked his followers to observe an austere life.
Statement 2 is correct: Both Buddhism and Jainism rejected the sacrifices of the vedic rituals
and believed that.
Statement 3 is incorrect: According to Buddhist, Sangha is proper for attainment of Moksha

and they hate self mortifications and severe penances. Jainism believes in fasts and severest
penances.
Some more similarities:

➢ Both gave no importance to God.
➢ Opposed the caste system.
➢ Accepted the doctrine of karma and rebirth.
➢ Founders belonged to kshatriya clan.
➢ Preached the religion in the language of the common man

Q.13. Consider the following statements with reference to the various 'Buddhist Councils':
1. The first Buddhist council was held at Vaishali during the reign of king Ajatashatru.
2. The second Buddhist council was held at Rajagriha during the reign of king Ashoka.
3. The third Buddhist council was held at Patliputra during the reign of king Kanishka.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. None of the above
Ans-D
Statement 1 is incorrect: The first Buddhist council was held at Rajgir during the reign of King
Ajatashatru.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The second Buddhist council was held at Vaishali during the reign of
King Kalashoka.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The third Buddhist council was held at Pataliputra during the reign of
Emperor Ashoka.

Q.14. Consider the following statements regarding the teachings of Jainism.
1. As per Mahavira, even inanimate objects have souls and varying degrees of consciousness.
2. Jainism believes in extreme penance and asceticism to attain ultimate knowledge.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Ans-D
• Mahavira regarded all objects, both animate and inanimate, have souls and various
degrees of consciousness.
• They possess life and feel pain when they are injured.
• Even the practice of agriculture was considered sinful as it causes injury to the earth,
worms and animals.
• Similarly the doctrine of asceticism and renunciation was also carried to extreme lengths
by the practice of starvation, nudity and other forms of self-torture.

Q.15. The term ‘Pallichchhandam’ mentioned in chola inscriptions refers to:

A. Land gifted to Brahmanas
B. Land gifted to temples
C. Land of non-Brahamana peasant proprietors
D. Land donated to Jain institutions
Ans-D
‘Pallichchhandam’ refers to the land donated to Jaina institutions.
Types of land
Chola inscriptions mention several categories of land.
➢ Vellanvagai: Land of non-Brahmana peasant proprietors
➢ Brahmadeya: Land gifted to Brahmanas
➢ Shalabhoga: Land for the maintenance of a school
➢ Devadana, Tirunamattukkani: Land gifted to temples
➢ Pallichchhandam: Land donated to Jaina institutions

Q.16. In Jainism, 'Perfect Knowledge' is referred to as:

A. Nirvana
B. Ratna
C. Kaivalya
D. Jina
Ans- C
Kaivalya also known as Kevala Jnana means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as
absolute knowledge or perfect knowledge or supreme knowledge. Kevala jnana is believed to
be an intrinsic quality of all souls.

Q.17. The word “Vihara” in Buddhism means :

A. Residence of Monks
B. Hall of Worship
C. Congregation Hall
D. Garden
Ans-A
Viharas were for the purpose of living, Chaityas were assemblies for the purpose of discussions.
Further, Chaityas were with Stupas, Viharas did not have stupas.

Q.18. In Buddhism , what does Patimokkha stand for :
A. A description of Mahayana Buddhism
B. A description of Hinayana Buddhism
C. The rules of the Sangha
D. The questions of king Menander
Ans-C
The Patimokkha stands for the rules of the Sangha. Budhha Dhamma and Sangha are the
three jewels of Buddhism.

Q.19. The earliest Buddhist literature which deal with the stories of the various birth of
Buddha are :
A. Vinaya Pitakas
B. Sutta Pitakas
C. Abhidamma Pitakas
D. Jatakas
Ans-D
Jatakas are the stories that tell about the previous lives of the Buddha , in both human and
animal form.

Q.20. The Jainas believe the Jainism is the outcome of the teachings of 24 tirthankars . In light
of this statement , which one among the following is correct of Vardhamana Mahavira :
A. He was the first tirthankara and the founder of Jainism.
B. He was the 23rd tirthankara, the first 22 tirthankaras being considered legendary.
C. He was the last and 24th tirthankara, who was not considered as the founder of the new faith
but as a reformer of the existing religious sect.
D. He was not one of the 24 tirthankars.
Ans-C
Mahavira was a teacher of the religion of Jainism. He lived in India . His followers believed
that he was the 24th in a line of great teachers .These teachers were called tirthankars.

Q.21. The Dhamma propagated by Ashoka was :
A. the tenets of Buddhism
B. a mixture of the philosophies of Ajivikas and Charvakas.
C. a system of morals consistent with the tenets of most of the sects at the time.
D. the religious policy of the state.
Ans-C
➢ The word Dhamma is the Prakrit version of the Sanskrit word Dharma.
➢ The scholars believe that the Dhamma which Ashoka tried to propagate was not simply
the teachings of Buddhism , but it contained the noblest ideas of humanism which are
the essence of all religions.

Q.22. Consider the following statements :
1. The inscriptions on the pillar at Rummindei give vivid details or Ashok’s Dhamma.
2. The Nigalisagar inscription records the fact of Ashoka having visited the Konagamana stupa.
Select the correct statement code given below:
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Ans-B
The inscriptions on the pillar at Rummindei give vivid details of Ashoka’s conversion and the
Nigalisagar inscription records the fact that Ashoka had visited the Kongamana stupa.

Q.23.The epic , Silappadikaram refers to the :
A. story of Rama
B. Jaina elements in the storyline
C. culture of Sri Lankan Buddhists
D. cult of Shakti worship
Ans-B
➢ Silappadikaram refers to the existence of Jaina monasteries near city boundaries of

Madurai.
➢ It also mentioned Kovalan and Kannagi’s-the central characters inclination towards the
Jain Path.
➢ Kavundi who accompanied them to Madurai was a Jaina Bhikshuni.

Q.24. Which of the following languages were patronised by the Jainas to preach their
doctrines?
A. Prakrit
B. Sanskrit
C. Dravidian
D. Pali
Ans-A
➢ Jainism made the first serious attempt to alleviate the evils of the varna older and the
ritualistic Vedic religion.
➢ The early Jainas discarded the Sanskrit language mainly patronised by the Brahmanas.
They adopted Prakrit language of the common people to preach their doctrines.
➢ Though religious literature was written in Ardhamagadhi, and the texts were finally
compiled in the sixth century A.D in Gujarat at a place called Valabhi, a great centre of
education.
➢ The adoption of Prakrit by the Jainas helped the growth of this language and its
literature. Many regional languages developed out of Prakrit languages, particularly
Sauraseni, out of which grew the Marathi language.

Q.25. The story of wealth shudra, based on a Buddhist text in Pali known as the Majjhima
Nikaya, is part of a dialogue between a king named Avantiputta and one of the disciples of
the Buddha named:
A. Kachchana
B. Ananda
C. Subhuti
D. Anuruddha
Ans-A
➢ The story, based on a Buddhist text in Pali known as the Majjhima Nikaya, is part of a
dialogue between a king named Avantiputta and a disciple of the Buddha named
Kachchana.
➢ While it may not be literally true, it reveals Buddhist attitudes towards varna. Kings are
almost invariably depicted as wealthy; priests are also generally shown to be rich,
though there are occasional depictions of the poor Brahmana.

Q.26. With reference to Indian history, who among the following is a future Buddha, yet to
come to save the world?
A. Avalokiteshvara
B. Lokesvara
C. Maitreya
D. Padmapani
Ans-C
According to Buddhist tradition, Maitreya is a bodhisattva who will appear on Earth in the future,
achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma. According to scriptures, Maitreya
will be a successor to the present Buddha, Gautama Buddha (also known as Śākyamuni Buddha).

Q.27. With reference to the religious practices in India, the “Sthanakvasi” sect belongs to :
A. Buddhism
B. Jainism
C. Vaishnavism
D. Shaivism
Ans-B
The “Sthanakvasi” was founded by the merchant whose name was Lavaji in the year 1653 AD. It
is the sect of Svetambara Jainism which does not believe in idol worship for the attainment of
Nirvana or Moksha.

Q.28.Anekantavada is a core theory and philosophy of which one of the following?
A. Buddhism
B. Jainism
C. Sikhism
D. Vaishnavism
Ans-B
Anekantavada refers to the Jain doctrine about metaphysical truths that emerged in ancient
India. It states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects.

Q.29. Mahavir Swami belonged to which clan?

A. Kosala
B. Huna
C. Jantriak
D. Sakya
Ans-C
Jantriak Vardhamana Mahavir belonged an aristocratic family and Kshatriya clan called Naya or
Jnatri. He was born in Kudagrama, near modern Patna and his father was King of this area. His
mother, Trishala was sister of Chetak (Cetakka) an eminent Lichchvi prince of Vaisali.

Q.30. What symbol represents nirvana of Gautama Buddha?

A. Lotus
B. Wheel
C. Horse
D. Bodhi Tree
Ans-D
Bodhi Tree is the symbol of nirvana of Gautama Buddha. On the other hand, Stupa represents
the symbol of death of Gautama Buddha. Further, the symbol ‘Horse’ signifies the renunciation
of Buddha’s life.

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Buddhism and Jainism

• Difference between Jainism and Buddhism and Vedic Religion

Important events in the life of Buddha

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• Four noble truths

• Madhya Marga – to avoid the excess of both luxury and austerity

Special features of Buddhism and the causes of its spread

Causes of the decline of Buddhism

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Importance and influence of Buddhism

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Five vows of Jainism

Three main principles

Five types of knowledge

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Q.1. The fourth Buddhist Council was held at :

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Which of the above statements is/are correct?

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Q.3. In the context of Buddhist history, Mahapajapati Gotami was

B. The queen who extended the highest financial patronage to Buddhism

C. Author of Abhidhamma Pitaka

D. First woman to be ordained as a bhikkhuni.

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Q.4. Consider the following statements.

3. Buddha never visited Nalanda.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

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Q.5. Bhagwati sutra is related to which of the following religions?

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A. Renunciant and Wanderer

B. Lay follower of Buddhism

C. Priest with a high status

D. None of the above

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Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Development of Mahayana Buddhism:

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1. Indifference to the authority of the vedas.

2. Denial of efficacy of rituals.

3. Non-injury to animal life.

Select the correct answer code:

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Q.9. The concept of Anuvrata was advocated by :

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Q.11 . Which of the following describes correctly about ‘Bodhisattvas’?

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Statement 1 is incorrect: Buddha asked his followers to follow Madhyamarga. However,

Statement 3 is incorrect: According to Buddhist, Sangha is proper for attainment of Moksha

Some more similarities:

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Q.14. Consider the following statements regarding the teachings of Jainism.

2. Jainism believes in extreme penance and asceticism to attain ultimate knowledge.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

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Q.15. The term ‘Pallichchhandam’ mentioned in chola inscriptions refers to:

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Q.16. In Jainism, 'Perfect Knowledge' is referred to as: