BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

ENABLING ACTIVITY FOR HFC PHASE DOWN

GAP ANALYSES OF THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL STANDARDS RELATED TO KIGALI
AMANDMENT

Client: UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

Consultant: Melina Džajić - Valjevac

Project No. 170253_2000003771

Date: January 2019

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Institutional framework in the field of RACHP ........................................................................................ 6

2.1 National standardisation structure in Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................... 6
2.2 Infrastructure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in RACHP sector ..................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Infrastructure for implementation of EE standards................................................................................. 9
2.2.2 Infrastructure for implementation of safety standards ......................................................................... 11

3 Review of international and national technical standards in RACHP sector ........................................... 12

4 Review of energy efficiency initiatives in RACHP sector ........................................................................ 16

4.1 Importance of the EE improvement in RACHP sector ............................................................................ 16

4.2 Chronology of EE consideration in the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment
............................................................................................................................................................ 17
4.3 The technical interventions associated with maintaining and /or enhancing EE (extracts from the TEAP
report) ................................................................................................................................................ 20

4.4 Funds and financial institutions for mobilising resources for energy efficiency (extracts from the TEAP
report)................................................................................................................................................. 24

5 Review of Bosnia and Herzegovina legal framework in RACHP sector ................................................... 26

5.1 Review of energy efficiency legislation ................................................................................................. 26
5.2 Review of design, construction and the maintenance legislation in RACHP sector referring to safety
standards ............................................................................................................................................ 28

6 Conclusion -Further steps - Challenge .................................................................................................. 29

3
List of abbreviations
RACHP Refrigeration,air conditioning,and heat pump

BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina

EA Enabling Activities

HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

HFC Hydrofluorocarbons

HPMP HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan

NOU BiH National Ozone Unit of Bosnia and Herzegovina

ODS Ozone Depleting Substances

RAC Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning

UN United Nations

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

1 Introduction
Implementation of the Kigali amendment of the Montreal Protocol will generate a positive trend
towards applying natural refrigerants as low global warming potential (GWP) alternatives to ozone
depleting substances (ODSs) and conventional higher GWP hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs). Since the
adoption of the Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol on the phase down of HFCs on 15th
October, 2016, several countries have already ratified it. The Amendment is expected to enter into
force on 1st January 2019.

Low GWP alternative refrigerants include both synthetic and natural refrigerants. The synthetic
alternatives typically include certain saturated HFCs, unsaturated HFCs and unsaturated
hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs) and mixtures thereof; whilst these have some attractive
characteristics, many exhibit relatively poor thermo-physical properties thus inferring greater
investment required to achieve certain system efficiency.

Natural refrigerants, including hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon dioxide (R744), and ammonia (R717) have
excellent thermo-physical properties compared to fluorinated refrigerants, corresponding to high
potential system efficiency as well as being relatively cheap. On the other hand, HCs, R744 and
R717present additional safety hazards compared with conventional HCFC and HFC refrigerants. As
such, there is a heightened need to employ safety standards. However, it is recognised that the
current international safety standards for refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump (RACHP)
applications pose some constraints, mostly in terms of limits on the quantity of refrigerant permitted
in systems. Safety standards have a relevance regarding use restrictions for refrigerants in RACHP
systems. Reasons for these limitations are largely due to historical dominance of non-flammable,
lower toxicity refrigerants, the inertia associated with changing safety standards (and the views of
stakeholders),and the interests of stakeholders with commercial interests in competing
technologies.1

This report intends to provide policy makers, national standard authorities and private sector
representatives with an overview of the present situation regarding the international and national
technical safety standards for RACHP systems, energy efficiency initiatives and proposed technical
interventions wile phasing down HFC, with the final goal to identify gaps and future steps needed on
the way to early ratification of the Kigali Amendment. It is produced within Enabling Activities project
implemented by National Ozone Unit (NOU) Office in BiH and financed by the United Nations
Industrial Development (UNIDO) in the period November 2018 - October 2019. The overall objective
of this Enabling Activities (EA) project is to facilitate the early ratification of the Kigali Amendment
and put in place national strategies to implement action plans in the prioritized area for the country.

1
Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), International SafetyStandards in Air
Conditioning, Refrigeration&HeatPump, June 2018
2 Institutional framework in the field of RACHP
2.1 National standardisation structure in Bosnia and Herzegovina
International and European technical standards in the field of energy efficiency and safety for the
heating, refrigeration and air conditioning are adopted and published as a national – BAS standard
by the Institute for Standardization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ISBiH).

Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2004 established ISBiH as the national standards body in
order to represent the interests of Bosnia and Herzegovina national standardization in the
international and European standards organizations.

ISBiH is established by the Law on the Establishment of the Institute for Standardization of Bosnia
and Herzegovina (“Official Gazette of BiH” No. 44/04). In accordance to the Law on the
Establishment, the Institute is as an independent state administrative organization for the activities
in the field of standardization. In accordance with this Law, the Institute for Standardization took over
the activities in the field of standardization that have been established by the Law on the
Establishment of the Institute for Standards, Metrology and Intellectual Property of BiH (“Official
Gazette of BiH” no. 29/00 and 19/01).

The Institute for Standardization of Bosnia and Herzegovina proposes the standardization strategy
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, prepares and publishes standards of Bosnia and Herzegovina, represents
and acts on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international, European and other organizations for
standardization, and performs other tasks arising from international agreements and membership in
these organizations. The Institute participates in preparation of technical regulations, develops and
establishes the information system on BiH standards organizes and carries out specialized training of
personnel in standardization area and is engaged in publishing activities in the field of
standardization. In accordance to the Law on the Establishment, the Institute is as an independent
state administrative organization for the activities in the field of standardization. In accordance with
this Law, the Institute for Standardization took over the activities in the field of standardization that
have been established by the Law on the Establishment of the Institute for Standards, Metrology and
Intellectual Property of BiH, (“Official Gazette of BiH” no. 29/00 and 19/01).

The Institute participates in establishing and maintaining a system of certification and homologation
in accordance with the European model. The Institute has been full member of: International
Organization for Standardization ISO since 1997 and European Telecommunications Standards
Institute ETSI, since 1997 and associate member of: International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
since 1997, European Committee for Standardization CEN since 2008 and European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardization CENELEC, since 1999.

Organizational chart of the ISBIH is presented in the figure below.

 Figure 1. Organisational chart of the Institute for Standardization of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Three technical committees (TC) operated as a part of the ISBiH deal with the standards in the field
of RACHP: BAS/TC 47 Appliances and systems for heating and refrigeration, BAS/TC 57 - Household
and similar electrical appliances and BAS/TC 35 Road vehicles.

The scope of the technical committee engagements are:

 BAS/TC 47 work is standardization in area of commercial refrigerated cabinets, catering

refrigerating appliances, central heating boilers, prefabricated district heating pipe system,
heat exchangers, heat pumps and air conditioning units, space heating appliances without
integral heat sources, heat cost allocation, refrigeration systems safety and environmental
requirements, heating systems in buildings, thermal solar systems and components
 BAS/TC 57 -Preparing and establishing proposals of BiH standards (BAS), adopting
international and European standards, and revision of existing valid standards related to:
safety of household and similar electrical appliances; performance of household and similar
electrical appliances; safety of motor-operated electric tools.
 BAS/TC 35 - Standardization in area of following types of road vehicles: motorcycles, motor
vehicles, vehicles with electric drive, trailers, semi-trailers, combinations and articulated
vehicles including terminology, compatibility, interchangeability, safety and test
procedures for performance of vehicles and related equipment (ignition systems, braking
systems, electrical and electronic equipment, injection equipment and filters, equipment for
lighting and light-signalling, wheels, etc.).

All three technical committees are in constant communication with the international and the
European committees in the field of the similar standardization scope, as follows:
 BAS/TC 47 in relation with: CEN/TC 312 Thermal solar systems and components, CEN/TC 44
Commercial and Professional Refrigerating Appliances and Systems, Performance and Energy
Consumption, CEN/TC 57 Central heating boilers, ISO/TC 117 Fans, CEN/TC 107 Prefabricated
district heating and district cooling pipe system, CEN/TC 110 Heat exchangers, CEN/TC 113
Heat pumps and air conditioning units, CEN/TC 182 Refrigerating systems, safety and
environmental requirements, CEN/TC 228 Heating systems and water based cooling systems in
buildings, ISO/TC 86 Refrigeration and air-conditioning, CEN/TC 130 Space heating appliances
without integral heat sources, CEN/TC 171 Heat cost allocation, ISO/TC 86/SC 6 Testing and
rating of air-conditioners and heat pumps, ISO/TC 86/SC 1 Safety and environmental
requirements for refrigerating systems, ISO/TC 86/SC 4 Testing and rating of refrigerant
compressors, ISO/TC 86/SC 7 Testing and rating of commercial refrigerated display cabinets,
ISO/TC 86/SC 8 Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants, CEN/TC 156 Ventilation for buildings,
CEN/TC 295 Residential solid fuel burning appliances, SO/TC 180 Solar energy, CEN/TC 413
Insulated means of transport for temperature sensitive goods with or without cooling and/or
heating device.
 BAS/TC 57 in relation with: TC 116 Safety of motor-operated electric tools, CLC/TC 59X
Performance of household and similar electrical appliances, CLC/TC 61, Safety of household
and similar electrical appliances, TC 59 Performance of household and similar electrical
appliances, TC 61 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances , CLC/TC 116 Safety of
motor-operated electric tools, TC 61/SC 61C Safety of refrigeration appliances for household
and commercial use TC 61/SC 61J, Electrical motor-operated cleaning appliances for
commercial use, TC 61/SC 61H Safety of electrically-operated farm appliances, TC 59/SC 59C
Electrical heating appliances for household and similar purposes TC 61/SC 61D, Appliances for
air-conditioning for household and similar purposes TC 61/SC 61BSafety of microwave
appliances for household and commercial use, TC 59/SC 59M Performance of electrical
household and similar cooling and freezing appliances , TC 59/SC 59A Electric dishwashers, TC
59/SC 59D Performance of household and similar electrical laundry appliances TC 59/SC 59K
Performance of household and similar electrical cooking appliances, TC 59/SC 59F Surface
cleaning appliances, TC 59/SC 59L Small household appliances
 BAS/TC 35 in relation with: CEN/TC 150 Industrial Trucks – Safety; CEN/TC 245 Leisure
accommodation vehicles; CEN/TC 270 Internal combustion engines; CEN/TC 301 Road vehicles;
CEN/TC 320 Transport - Logistics and services; CEN/TC 333 Cycles; CEN/TC 337 Road operation
equipment and products; CEN/TC 354 Light motorized vehicles for the transportation of
persons and goods and related facilities and not subject to type-approval for on-road use;
ISO/TC 22 Road vehicles ISO/TC 31; Tyres, rims and valves ISO/TC 31/SC 3 Passenger car tyres
and rims; ISO/TC 31/SC 4 Truck and bus tyres and rims; ISO/TC 31/SC 5 Agricultural tyres and
rims; ISO/TC 31/SC 6 Off-the-road tyres and rims; ISO/TC 31/SC 7 Industrial tyres and rims;
ISO/TC 31/SC 8 Aircraft tyres and rims; ISO/TC 31/SC 9 Valves for tube and tubeless tyres;
ISO/TC 31/SC 10 Cycle, moped, motorcycle tyres and rims; ISO/TC 70 Internal combustion
engines; ISO/TC 70/SC 7 Tests for lubricating oil filters; ISO/TC 70/SC 8 Exhaust gas emission
measurement; ISO/TC 110 Industrial trucks; ISO/TC 110/SC 1 General terminology; ISO/TC
110/SC 2; Safety of powered industrial trucks; ISO/TC 110/SC 4 Rough-terrain trucks; ISO/TC
149; Cycles; ISO/TC 149/SC 1 Cycles and major sub-assemblies; ISO/TC 241 Road traffic safety
management systems; CLC/TC 69X Electrical systems for electric road vehicles; CLC/SR 69
 Electric road vehicles and electric industrial trucks; TC 69 Electric road vehicles and electric
industrial trucks; CEN/SS T03 Road Vehicles; ISO/TC 22/SC 31 Data communication; ISO/TC
22/SC 32 Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects; ISO/TC 22/SC 33
Vehicle dynamics and chassis components; ISO/TC 22/SC 34 Propulsion, power train and power
train fluids; ISO/TC 22/SC 35 Lighting and visibility; ISO/TC 22/SC 36 Safety and impact testing;
ISO/TC 22/SC 37 Electrically propelled vehicles; ISO/TC 22/SC 38 Motorcycles and mopeds;
ISO/TC 22/SC 39 Ergonomics; ISO/TC 22/SC 40 Specific aspects for light and heavy commercial
vehicles, busses and trailers; ISO/TC 22/SC 41 Specific aspects for gaseous fuels

Members of this technical committee are coming from the industrial sector (78%) and state
administration bodies (22%). Request for the new national standards is coming from the wide
stakeholder representatives from industry, research, engineering and other sector.

At the moment there are 248 standards published under technical committee 47, 481 standards
published under TC/ 57, and 1186 standards published under TC/35. Most of the standards are
published in English language, with only translation of the title of the standard on the cover page.

List of the national standards, its status and price is available on the official web page of IS BIH.

2.2 Infrastructure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in RACHP sector

2.2.1 Infrastructure for implementation of EE standards

The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina is competent for:
foreign trade policy and customs tariff policy of BiH; preparation of contracts, agreements and other
acts in the domain of trade and economic relations with other countries; preparation of bilateral and
multilateral agreements and other acts related to renovation and reconstruction in BiH; relations with
international organisations and institutions in the domain of foreign trade and economic relations;
preparation and creation of macroeconomic strategy documents in the domain of economic
relations; business environment, single economic space; development and promotion of
entrepreneurship; control of exports and imports of special regime goods and services; consumer
protection; competition; coordination of international economic aid to BiH, except EU aid; and
veterinary affairs. The Ministry is responsible for state-level functions and tasks related to policy-
making, stipulation of basic principles, coordination of activities and harmonisation of entity
authorities’ and institutions’ plans on an international level in the domain of, inter alia: agriculture,
energy, environment, development and utilisation of natural resources, and tourism.

Key authorities responsible for implementation of energy efficiency laws and sub laws in the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are:
 Federal Ministry of Energy, Mining and Industry;
 Federal Ministry of Physical Planning;
 Environmental Fund of the Federation of BiH.
These bodies must ensure smooth coordination and participation of the following institutions:
 Federal Ministry of Finance;
 Federal Ministry of Transport and Communications;
 Regulatory Commission for Energy in the Federation of BiH;
 Development Bank of the Federation of BiH;
 Cantonal ministries of education, health, finance, spatial planning, environment and
energy;
 Cities and municipalities in the Federation of BiH;

The key authorities responsible for implementation of energy efficiency laws in Republika Srpska are:
 Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining;
 Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology;
 Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund.

These bodies must ensure smooth coordination and participation of the following institutions:
 Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining;
 Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology;
 Ministry of Finance;
 Ministry of Transport and Communications;
 Regulatory Commission for Energy of Republika Srpska;
 Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund;
 Investment and Development Bank of Republika Srpska;
 Cities and municipalities in Republika Srpska.

Brčko District Government is responsible for implementation of the energy efficiency law in Brčko
District and:

 Implements the District policy and executes laws, other regulations and general acts in
accordance with the District Statute;
 Approves draft laws and regulations proposed by the Mayor for adoption by the Assembly;
 Adopts the proposed budget;
 Adopts acts to regulate the criteria and award of grants;
 Provides its opinion on draft laws, regulations and general acts proposed by other parties
for adoption by the Assembly;
 Adopts legal acts required for implementation of laws;
 Approves operating reports and programmes of the Government; h. Forms working bodies
within its scope of competence;
 Performs other tasks in accordance with the Statute and the law.

The District Government consists of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, Chief Coordinator, and Heads of
Departments. Bodies responsible for implementation of energy efficiency legislation in Brčko District
BiH are: the Department of Spatial Planning and Property-Legal Affairs and the Department of
Utilities.
Energy efficiency legal requirements and regulations related to technical installations and
maintenance of the heating, refrigeration and air conditioning units are under the jurisdiction of
Federal Ministry of Physical Planning in the Federation of BiH, Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil
Engineering and Ecology in Republika Srpska and the Brčko District Government Department for
Spatial Planning and Property Affairs.

2.2.2 Infrastructure for implementation of safety standards

Implementation of the requirements from the technical standards in the field of safety for the
heating, refrigeration and air conditioning is under jurisdiction of the following institutions:

 Federation of BIH: Federal Ministry of Spatial Planning (FMSP),

 Republika Srpska: Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology (MoSPCEE)
 Brčko District of BiH: Brčko District Government - Department for Spatial Planning and
Property Affairs

National standards in the field of safety for the heating, refrigeration and air conditioning are
implemented mainly through the general safety requirements during the construction process.
3 Review of international and national technical standards
in RACHP sector
Within the context of RACHP sector, there are two international standardisation organisations that
publish relevant safety standards: the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) and the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Similarly, at European (regional) level there are
equivalent organisations – the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) and the European
Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) – which publish comparable standards
that broadly cover the same scope and requirements to those of ISO and IEC.

Table below provides a summary of the key international and regional standards and their scope.
These are categorised as “vertical” or product standards and as “horizontal” or group standards. In
general, vertical standards take precedence over horizontal standards, as they are intended to be
developed specifically for product types and thus have requirements that are more refined for
particular cases. Thus, horizontal standards are assumed to cover everything that is not included in
vertical standards. They include more generic and overarching requirements based on common
characteristics and practices of any RACHP equipment, installations and technician activities.

Table 1 List of the technical standards relevant for the implementation of the Kigali amendment
Actual version of the International The last available valid published editions Relevant
standard and valid amendments/ TC/ Need
Horizontal or vertical standards for revision
IEC60335-2-24:2010 - Household and BAS EN 60335-2-24:2012(EN 60335-2-89:2010,
similar electrical appliances – Safety- identical IEC 60335-2-89:2010, identical) BAS/TC57
Particular requirements for /Yes
refrigerating appliances, ice-cream
appliances and ice makers
Addendum:
IEC60335-2-24:2010/AMD2:2017/ Among other, addendums deal with compression-
ISH1:2018 type appliances for household and similar use,
IEC 60335-2-24:2010/AMD2:2017 which use flammable refrigerants
IEC 60335-2-24:2010+AMD1:2012+
AMD2:2017 CSV There is no national standard on the equivalent IEC
IEC 60335-2-24:2010/AMD1:2012 standard addendum edition.
IEC 60335-2-24:2010+AMD1:2012
CSV
Vertical standard
Actual version of the International
standard and valid amendments/
Horizontal or vertical standards
IEC 60335-2-40:2018; Household and
similar electrical appliances - Safety -
Part 2-40: Particular requirements for
electrical heat pumps, air-
conditioners and dehumidifiers
All previously published addendums
are incorporated in the now edition of
the standard, and therefore not valid.
Vertical standard
IEC 60335-2-89:2019 - Household and 
similar electrical appliances – Safety -
Particular requirements for 
refrigerating appliances, ice-cream
appliances and ice makers
Vertical standard
ISO 5149-1:2014  BAS ISO 5149-1:2015 (ISO 5149-1:2014,
Refrigerating systems and heat
pumps — Safety and environmental 
requirement - Basic requirements,
definitions, classification and
selection criteria
Amendments:
ISO 5149-1:2014/AMD 1:2015;
Refrigerating systems and heat
pumps — Safety and environmental
requirements — Part 1: Definitions,
classification and selection criteria —
Amendment 1: Correction of QLAV,
QLMV
Horizontal standard
The last available valid published editions Relevant
TC/ Need
for revision
 BAS EN 60335-2-40:2007 (EN 60335-2-40:2003, BAS/TC57
identical, IEC 60335-2-40:2002, modification) Yes
 BAS EN 60335-2-40/A1:2007 (EN 60335-2-
40:2003/A1:2006, identical, IEC 60335-2-
40:2002/AMD1:2005/COR1:2006, modification)
 BAS EN 60335-2-40/A11:2007 (EN 60335-2-
40:2003/A11:2004, identical)
 BAS EN 60335-2-40/A12:2007 (EN 60335-2-
40:2003/A12:2005, identical)
 BAS EN 60335-2-40/A2:2011 (EN 60335-2-
40:2003/A2:2009, identical, IEC 60335-2-
40:2002/AMD2:2005, identical)
 BAS EN 60335-2-40/Cor1:2012 (EN 60335-2-
40:2003/AC:2006, identical, BAS EN 60335-2-
40/Cor2:2012, EN 60335-2-40:2003/AC:2010,
identical)
 BAS EN 60335-2-40/A13:2013, EN 60335-2-
40:2003/A13:2012, identical)
 BAS EN 60335-2-40/A13/Cor1:2014 (EN 60335-2-
40:2003/A13:2012/AC:2013, identical)
BAS EN 60335-2-89:2012 (EN 60335-2-89:2010, BAS/TC57
identical IEC 60335-2-89:2010, identical) Yes
BAS EN 60335-2-89/A1:2017 ( EN 60335-2-
89:2010/A1:2016, identical)IEC 60335-2-
89:2010/AMD1:2012, modification
 BAS EN 60335-2-89/A2:2018 EN 60335-2-
89:2010/A2:2017, identical, IEC 60335-2-
89:2010/AMD2:2015, identical
BAS/TC 47
identical)
BAS ISO 5149-1/A1:2017 (ISO 5149-1:2014/Amd No
1:2015, identical)
Actual version of the International The last available valid published editions Relevant
standard and valid amendments/ TC/ Need
Horizontal or vertical standards for revision
ISO 5149-2:2014 - Refrigerating  BAS ISO 5149-2:2015 (ISO 5149-2:2014, BAS/TC 47
systems and heat pumps — Safety identical)
and environmental requirements - No
Design, construction, testing,
marking and documentation
ISO 5149-3:2014 - Refrigerating  BAS ISO 5149-3:2015 (ISO 5149-3:2014, BAS/TC 47
systems and heat pumps — Safety identical)
and environmental requirements - No
Installation site and personal
protection
Horizontal standard
ISO 5149-4:2014 - Refrigerating  BAS ISO 5149-4:2015 (ISO 5149-4:2014, BAS/TC 47
systems and heat pumps — Safety identical)
and environmental requirements - No
Operation, maintenance, repair and
recovery
Horizontal standard
EN 378-1:2016 - Refrigerating  BAS EN 378-1:2017 (EN 378-1:2016, identical) BAS/TC 47
systems and heat pumps — Safety
and environmental requirements - No
Basic requirements, definitions,
classification and selection criteria
Horizontal standard
EN 378-2:2016- Refrigerating BAS EN 378-2:2017 (EN 378-2:2016, identical) BAS/TC 47
systems and heat pumps —Design,
construction, testing, marking and No
documentation - Design,
construction, testing, marking and
documentation
Horizontal standard
EN 378-3:2016- Refrigerating BAS EN 378-3:2017 (EN 378-3:2016, identical) BAS/TC 47
systems and heat pumps - Design,
construction, testing, marking and No
documentation - Operation,
maintenance, repair and recovery
Horizontal standard
EN 378-4:2016+A1:2019 BAS EN 378-4:2017 (EN 378-3:2016, identical) BAS/TC 47
Refrigerating systems and heat Yes
pumps - Safety and environmental There is no national standard on the equivalent IEC
requirements - Part 4: Operation, standard addendum edition.
maintenance, repair and recovery
Horizontal standard
 Actual version of the International The last available valid published editions Relevant
standard and valid amendments/ TC/ Need
Horizontal or vertical standards for revision
ISO 13043:2011 - Road vehicles – BAS ISO 13043:2012 (ISO 13043:2011, identical) BAS/TC 35
Refrigerant systems used in mobile
air conditioning systems (MAC) - No
Safety requirements
Horizontal standard
ISO 817:2014 - Refrigerants — BAS ISO 817:2015 (ISO 817:2014, identical) BAS/TC 47
Designation and safety Yes
classification There is no national standard on the equivalent IEC
ISO 817:2014/AMD 1:2017; standard addendum edition.
Refrigerants — Designation and
safety classification —
Amendment 1
Horizontal standard
In addition to the RACHP safety standards identified above, there is an array of other safety
standards, specific to RACHP equipment and also to general concepts that are generally applicable
and affect RACHP equipment. Both international and regional standards address:

 General safety of compressors and pumps (e.g., IEC 60225-2-34, EN 809, IEC 60204-1, EN
1012,EN 12693)
 Pressure safety of system vessels and components (e.g. ISO 4126, EN 1736, EN 12178, EN
12263,EN 12284, EN 13136, EN 13445, EN 14276)
 Tightness of components and connections (e.g. ISO 14903, EN 16084)
 Competence of personnel (e.g. EN 13313)
 Electromagnetic compatibility (e.g. EN 61000-series)
 General safety of machinery (e.g. ISO 12100, EN ISO 13849-1)
 Risk assessment of equipment using flammable gases (e.g. EN 1127-1)
 Safety characteristics of refrigerants (e.g. ISO 817, IEC 60079-20-1)
 Gas detection (e.g. EN 14624, IEC 60079-29-series, EN 50402)
 Classification of hazardous areas (e.g. EN 60079-10-1)
 Electrical equipment for use in potentially flammable areas (e.g. IEC 60079-0, IEC 60079-1,
IEC
60079-2, IEC 60079-5, IEC 60079-6, IEC 60079-7, IEC 60079-11, IEC 60079-13, IEC 60079-14,
IEC 60079-15, IEC 60079-17, IEC 60079-18, IEC 60079-19, IEC 60079-25, IEC 60079-26, IEC
60079-32, IEC 60079-33)

Many of these standards can influence the ease and cost of operation when applied to RACHP
systems using low GWP alternatives. Notably, several of the standards may be mandatory or have a
legal status that is beyond the particular RACHP standards.
4 Review of energy efficiency initiatives in RACHP sector

4.1 Importance of the EE improvement in RACHP sector

Increasing average global temperatures due to climate change, economic growth and urbanization
are widely expected to lead to a greater demand for cooling. Any efforts to limit access to cooling
would likely create major productivity losses as well as adverse impacts on the provision of quality
health care, nutritious food, and education, thereby undermining the efforts and opportunities for
dozens of countries to realize the UN Sustainable Development Goals, such as ending poverty,
hunger and disease.2.

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) estimated that over 80% of the global warming
impact of RACHP systems is associated with the generation of the electricity used to operate the
equipment (indirect emissions), with a lower proportion coming from the use/release (direct
emissions) of GHG refrigerants where used. In 2015, IIR estimated that RACHP consumed about 17%
of the overall electricity worldwide. The amount of RACHP equipment and systems installed
worldwide is increasing rapidly. It is estimated that during 2017 current production was as follows:
refrigerators 170 million; AC 100 million (split non-ducted 80 million, small self-contained 17 million,
multi-split 1 million); heat pumps/tumble dryers 1.5 million3.

Energy consumption for the RACHP sector is increasing significantly, especially in developing
countries. The reasons include population growth, rapid urbanisation/electrification, increasing use
of domestic, commercial and automobile AC, and the development of refrigeration for temperature-
controlled supply chains for food, pharmaceuticals and vaccines.

In developed countries where the RACHP sector is more mature, the implementation of policies and
regulations such as the EU F-gas regulations is driving the change to new low-GWP equipment, which
will be increasingly energy efficient through technical innovation. In developing countries, with
growing demand for new RAC equipment, the increase in energy consumption can be mitigated by
maximising the opportunity to install energy efficient equipment containing low GWP refrigerants as
markets develop rapidly.

Actions to encourage the use of energy efficient and lower GWP products will be important to ensure
the momentum of this transition. These actions include technical improvements, policy and
regulatory measures, and market and financial mechanisms all of which can stimulate the adoption
of more EE equipment.

A decrease in the overall global warming impact of RACHP can be achieved through lower energy
consumption, combined with a transition to low-GWP refrigerants. A reduction in energy
consumption of RACHP can be achieved through increased EE, reduction of cooling/heating load, and
improved maintenance.

The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol focused primarily on developing a timeline to phase
down high global warming HFCs to avoid direct contribution of up to 0.5°C of total global warming
by 2100. However, the direct benefits of the reduction of high GWP refrigerants during the phase
down might be offset by the use of less energy-efficient equipment. On the contrary, if this

2
Cooling for All, 2017: An inquiry into sustainable, affordable and efficient cooling pathways.
3
UNEP, Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, Volume III, TEAP Decision XXVIII/3 Working Group
Report on Energy Efficiency, October 2017
amendment resulted in the use of more energy-efficient equipment, the total reduction of
greenhouse gases emissions both from direct and indirect sources could double that.

4.2 Chronology of EE consideration in the framework of the Montreal

Protocol and the Kigali Amendment

The Montreal Protocol has had an ambivalent attitude towards energy efficiency until the Twenty-
Eighth Meeting of the Parties in Kigali, 10–15 October 2016, where it is recognized (in decision
XXVIII/3) that a phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons under the Montreal Protocol would present
additional opportunities to catalyse and secure improvements in the energy efficiency of appliances
and equipment. The same decision also noted that air-conditioning and refrigeration sectors
represent a substantial and increasing percentage of global electricity demand, and therefore
requested following initiatives:

1. The Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) to review energy efficiency
opportunities in the refrigeration and air-conditioning and heat-pump sectors related to a
transition to climate-friendly alternatives, including not-in-kind options;
2. To invite parties to submit to the Ozone Secretariat by May 2017, on a voluntary basis, relevant
information on energy efficiency innovations in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-
pump sectors;
3. To request the TEAP to assess the information submitted by parties on energy efficiency
opportunities in the refrigeration and air-conditioning sectors during the transition to low-
global-warming-potential and zero global-warming-potential alternatives and to report thereon
to the Twenty-Ninth Meeting of the Parties, in 2017.

The energy efficiency was also topic of the decision XXVIII/2 adopted on the same meeting in Kigali,
where Member parties requested from “the Executive Committee to develop cost guidance
associated with maintaining and/or enhancing the energy efficiency of low-GWP or zero-GWP
replacement technologies and equipment, when phasing down hydrofluorocarbons, while taking
note of the role of other institutions addressing energy efficiency, when appropriate”.

During the Twenty-Ninth Meeting of the Parties, held in Montreal 20 – 24 November 2017,
member parties adopted decision XXIX/10 on issues related to energy efficiency while phasing down
hydrofluorocarbons. As a part of the decision XXIX/10 member parties requested from the TEAP:

1. To assess technology options and requirements including:

a. Challenges to their uptake;
b. Their long-term sustainable performance and viability;
c. Their environmental benefits in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents;
d. Capacity-building and servicing sector requirements in the refrigeration and air-
conditioning and heat-pump sectors;
e. Related costs including capital and operating costs;
2. To provide an overview of the activities and funding provided by other relevant institutions, as
well as definitions, criteria and methodologies used in addressing energy efficiency in the
refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump sectors in relation to maintaining and/ or
enhancing energy efficiency in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump sectors while
phasing down hydrofluorocarbons under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, as
well as those related to low-GWP and zero-GWP hydrofluorocarbon alternatives including on
different financing modalities;

3. To prepare a final report for consideration by the Open-ended Working Group at its fortieth
meeting, and thereafter an updated final report to be submitted to the Thirtieth Meeting of the
Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer taking into
consideration the outcome of the workshop described in paragraph 4 below;

4. To request the Secretariat to organize a workshop on energy efficiency opportunities while

phasing down hydrofluorocarbons at the fortieth meeting of the Open-ended Working Group.

Workshop on energy efficiency opportunities while phasing-down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) was

held in Vienna, 9-10 July 2018. The workshop provided an opportunity for informed discussions on:
a) the technical opportunities to improve energy efficiency in the refrigeration, air-conditioning
and heat-pump (RACHP) sectors and,
b) the investment, financial and policy, actions that can encourage energy efficiency
improvements of RACHP systems while phasing-down use of HFCs.

The following studies were presented as a part of the workshop materials:

 Briefing Note A: The Importance of Energy Efficiency in the Refrigeration, Air-conditioning

and Heat Pump Sectors
 Briefing Note B: The Potential to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Refrigeration, Air-
conditioning and Heat Pumps
 Briefing Note C: Delivering More Efficient Refrigeration, Air-conditioning and Heat Pumps:
Policy, Financing and Investment
 UNDP: Experiences and Case Studies on Energy Efficiency in the Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Sector

In order to prepare its report responding to Decision XXVIII/3, the TEAP established an Energy
Efficiency Working Group (EEWG).Two relevant reports were issued by EEWG, first in October 2017
and second in September 2018 focused on the review of energy efficiency opportunities in RACHP
sectors (Technology opportunities, Policy, regulatory and information opportunities and Financial
incentives)

On the Thirtieth Meeting of the Parties held in Quito, 5–9 November 2018, it was decided in
decision XXX/5 entitled “Access of parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 of the Montreal
Protocol to energy-efficient technologies in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump
sectors” to:
 1. Request the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund to consider flexibility within the
financial support provided through enabling activities for HFCs to enable parties operating
under paragraph 1 of Article 5 of the Protocol who wish to do so, to use part of that support
for energy efficiency policy and training support as it relates to the phase-down of
controlled substances, such as:
a. Developing and enforcing policies and regulations to avoid the market penetration
of energy-inefficient refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump equipment;
b. Promoting access to energy-efficient technologies in those sectors;
c. Targeted training on certification, safety and standards, awareness-raising and
capacity-building aimed at maintaining and enhancing energy efficiency;
2. Request the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund to consider, within the context of
paragraph 16 of decision XXVIII/2, increasing the funding provided to low volume
consuming countries to assist them in implementing the activities outlined in paragraph 1 of
the present decision;
3. Request the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel to prepare a report on the cost
and availability of low-global-warming-potential technologies and equipment that maintain
or enhance energy efficiency, inter alia, covering various refrigeration, air-conditioning and
heat-pump sectors, in particular domestic air-conditioning and commercial refrigeration,
taking into account geographical regions, including countries with high-ambient-
temperature conditions;
4. Continue supporting stand-alone projects in parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5
in accordance with Executive Committee decision 79/45;
5. Request the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund to build on its ongoing work of
reviewing servicing projects to identify best practices, lessons learned and additional
opportunities for maintaining energy efficiency in the servicing sector, and related costs;
6. Also to request the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund to take into account the
information provided by demonstration and stand-alone projects in order to develop cost
guidance related to maintaining or enhancing the energy efficiency of replacement
technologies and equipment when phasing-down hydrofluorocarbons;
7. Further to request the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund, in dialogue with the
Ozone Secretariat, to liaise with other funds and financial institutions to explore mobilizing
additional resources and, as appropriate, set up modalities for cooperation, such as co-
funding arrangements, to maintain or enhance energy efficiency when phasing down HFCs,
acknowledging that activities to assist parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 in
complying with their obligations under the Montreal Protocol will continue to be funded
under the Multilateral Fund in accordance with its guidelines and decisions.

At its 83rd meeting, held in Monteral 27 – 31 2019, the Executive Committee of the Multilateral fund
for the implementation of the Motreal Protocol (ExCom) considered a document prepared by the
Secretariat presenting a summary of the report by TEAP on matters related to EE with regard to the
issues identified in sub-paragraph below:

a. Initiatives associated with maintaining and/or enhancing the EE of replacement

technologies with low- or zero-global-warming potential (GWP) in the refrigeration, air-
conditioning and heat-pump sector (RACHP), such as:
 a. Methodologies to quantify changes in EE; and
b. Technical interventions associated with maintaining and/or enhancing EE;
b. Cost-related issues such as associated incremental costs, payback opportunities and costs
of monitoring and verification;
c. Possible environmental benefits, particularly those associated with climate.

At the same meeting, ExCom received on the attention a Paper on information on relevant funds
and financial institutions mobilizing resources for energy efficiency that may be utilized when
phasing down HFCS, and the Executive Committee decided to defer to the 84th meeting
consideration of this summary.

4.3 The technical interventions associated with maintaining and /or

enhancing EE (extracts from the TEAP report) 4

By using a rigorous integrated approach to RACHP equipment design and selection, the opportunities
to improve EE can be maximized. This approach includes:
(a) Ensuring minimisation of cooling/heating loads;
(b) Selection of appropriate refrigerant;
(c) Use of high efficiency components and system design;
(d) Ensuring optimised control and operation, under all common operating conditions; and
(e) Designing features that will support servicing and maintenance.

Each of these five requirements is discussed in the following paragraphs.

Ensuring minimisation of cooling/heating loads

Eliminating or reducing loads can significantly reduce energy consumption while still delivering the
desired level of heating or cooling capacity. Some examples of load reducing actions include:

(a) Building design features that reduce summer heat gains (e.g.; shading, reflective roof materials,
location of windows, insulation);
(b) Putting doors on retail refrigerated display cabinets;
(c) Pre-cooling of hot products prior to refrigeration (e.g., in a food factory using cooling tower water
to pre-cool a cooked product);
(d) Reducing heat created by electrical auxiliaries such as evaporator fans, chilled water pumps or
lighting; and Reducing cold storage heat load with improved insulation and prevention of warm air
entering through open doors.

Reducing loads may require extra investment, e.g., added insulation, orientation of building shading
or adding a door to a display cabinet case. However, the reduced cooling load may result in some
capital cost savings due to, e.g., smaller-sized refrigeration systems and reduced electric
interconnection rating.

4
Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, Eighty-third
Meeting, Montreal, 27 – 31 May 2019, Summary of the report by the technology and economic assessment
panel on matters related to energy efficiency with regard to the issues identified in decision 82/83(e) (decision
82/83(f) (UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/83/42)
Selection of appropriate refrigerant

Refrigerant selection is a trade-off between environmental benefits, safety, thermodynamic cycle

efficiency, system design and reliability, and cost. The impact of refrigerant choice on the EE of the
units is usually relatively small, ranging from +/- 5 to 10 per cent. Designers should select the best
refrigerant from an efficiency perspective but should also address the wide range of other design
issues. It is also important to note that technologies resulting in energy efficiency improvement
opportunities available for high-GWP refrigerants may be applicable to low-GWP refrigerants as well.

Simplified thermodynamic analysis demonstrates the relative impact of different refrigerants on the
EE of the unit, which can help designers create a “short-list” of options. For a given application, there
will be a limited number of refrigerants that are likely to be within ±5 per cent of the baseline
refrigerant(s) in terms of energy performance. A thermodynamic analysis provides a useful starting
point but it is essential to consider “real-world” performance, which is based on the way the
refrigerant interacts with the various system components, in particular the compressor and heat
exchangers. This can be illustrated with the comparison of HCFC-22 and R-410A for use in small room
air-conditioners. A thermodynamic analysis shows efficiency advantages for HCFC-22, but the most
efficient equipment currently available on the market uses R-410A. This reflects the fact that
equipment manufacturers stopped research and development to improve HCFC-22 equipment after
the HCFC phase-out began under the Montreal Protocol. Modern R-410A equipment has a number of
efficiency innovations not available with HCFC-22, making the efficiency of R-410A higher. A
thermodynamic analysis of HFC-32 shows it has an advantage of about 5 per cent over R-410A for
small building air-conditioners.

In comparison with HCFC-22, a thermodynamic cycle analysis of propane (R-290) shows coefficient of
performance (COP) loss ranging from -2 per cent to zero per cent dependent on the evaporating
temperature. However, the volumetric capacity for R-290 is consistently lower than HCFC-22 by
approximately 14 per cent. Drop-in testing of R-290 in HCFC-22 equipment showed that COP
improvement of 7 per cent and capacity reduction of 8 per cent compared with HCFC-22 at standard
rating conditions. This is primarily attributed to the improved transport properties of R-290 versus
HCFC-22. With engineering optimization, HCFC-22 alternatives such as R-290, can match or exceed the
performance of existing HCFC-22 units with efficiency increase of up to 10 per cent.

AHRI AREP135 resulted in 67 reports on alternative refrigerant evaluation and one study on
benchmarking the risks associated with the use of A2L refrigerants. The performance of the
alternative refrigerants ranged widely depending on the type of the study (drop-in or soft optimized),
the equipment, and the baseline refrigerant. Overall, the HCFC-22 alternatives were shown to have
similar capacity performance results within ±10 per cent but efficiency ranging from -20 per cent to -
5 per cent compared to the baseline HCFC-22. The R-410A alternatives showed capacity and efficiency
ranging from ±15 per cent and the R-404A alternatives showed capacity ranging from -20 per cent to
-5 per cent and efficiency improvement up to 10 per cent.

The Unites States Department of Energy (US DOE) studies focused on split air-conditioners and
package air-conditioners and extended the evaluation to 55°C ambient conditions. The study showed
that the HCFC-22 fluorinated alternatives resulted in 3 per cent to 14 per cent capacity loss and 11 per
cent to 16 per cent efficiency loss at 35°C rating condition and 3 per cent to 14 per cent capacity loss
and 7 per cent to 15 per cent efficiency loss at 55°C. However, R-290 resulted in 7 per cent capacity

5
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program
(AREP)
loss and 11 per cent efficiency improvement at 35°C rating condition and 10 per cent capacity loss and
8 per cent efficiency improvement at 55°C. R-410A alternatives showed capacity difference ranging
from -14 per cent to 5 per cent at 35°C rating condition and from -3 per cent to 13 per cent at 55°C,
and efficiency difference ranging within ±5 per cent at 35°C and up to 6 per cent at 55°C.

The research studies so far concentrated on performance of low-GWP alternative refrigerants

compared to the presently used ODS and high-GWP HFC technologies. The studies used available
products with “soft optimization” of charge and expansion devices. Further, research is needed to
study the impact of full optimization into new products using low-GWP alternatives with changes to
the compressors, heat exchangers, and other components

Use of high efficiency components and system design

Vapour compression RACHP equipment consists of a number of primary components (e.g.,

evaporator, condenser, compressor, expansion valve, refrigerant) and secondary components (e.g.,
fans, pumps and cooling towers). To maximize EE, it is important to: select an appropriate “system
design” that defines the overall system arrangement and operating temperature levels; and select
individual components that can contribute to the system efficiency. Controls can be treated as another
component of a RACHP system, but it is helpful for the designer to consider the control and operation
of the system as a separate issue. In terms of costs, generally, it can be said that effective control
technologies offer a cost-effective EE strategy. Equipment is designed to achieve a nominal design
point, which is the peak cooling load during the hottest expected ambient conditions.14 This design
point can be considered as the “worst case” load condition. Most systems spend very few hours per
year close to this design point. Most of the time, the cooling load is lower when the weather is cooler.
In a well-controlled system, the EE should improve at conditions away from the design point. For
example, in cool weather, the condensing temperature should fall, giving a potentially significant
increase in efficiency; in a poorly controlled system, these improvements do not occur, and the
efficiency might degrade more as compressors operate at part-load capacity.

The following are examples that can illustrate EE improvements related to systems design,
components, and optimized controls:
a. Cooling at appropriate temperature level: To maximize efficiency, RACHP systems should
provide cooling at the maximum possible temperature level. Raising the evaporating
temperature by just 1°C can improve efficiency by between 2 per cent and 4 per cent. A
common design is to group several cooling loads onto one cooling system, even though the
temperature requirement is different for each load. The evaporating temperature has to suit
the coldest load – which means that the warmer loads are being cooled inefficiently. A system
design that separates loads at different temperatures can be significantly more efficient, but
this comes at the additional cost for multiple systems. Another example is the choice of chilled
water temperature within a space cooling system – using a higher temperature provides
better efficiency for the same cooling load;

b. Compressor: System designers consider the optimum number of compressors to suit a given
load. For very small systems, there is always one compressor. However, for larger systems it
 may be more efficient to select several small compressors rather than one large one, with a
trade-off being made between the extra capital cost and the resulting energy savings. This is
especially important to support high efficiency under part-load operating conditions. The
compressor needs to be optimized for the refrigerant selected and the expected range of
operating conditions (in terms of evaporating and condensing temperatures). There can be as
much as a 20 per cent difference in efficiency between two compressors of similar size and
cost. Good selection can provide good efficiency improvement at little or no extra cost. When
a cooling load falls e.g., due to change in ambient conditions, the compressor needs to
operate at part-load as the load is lower than the system’s nominal design point. On small
systems this is done with on-off control and on large systems with compressor load adjusters
such as cylinder unloading for reciprocating compressors or slide valves for screw
compressors. These are very inefficient ways of providing part-load control. Recent advances
in variable speed drives (VSDs e.g., the inverter) allow for the use of variable speed
compressors, which can often deliver over a 25 per cent efficiency improvement;

c. Heat exchanger selection: The designer should select heat exchangers with the lowest
practical temperature difference to optimize evaporating temperature (which should be as
high as possible) and condensing temperature (which should be as low as possible).17 Heat
exchangers with a tube-and-fin design with smaller diameter tubes have been introduced. This
is aimed at improving the heat transfer rate and the EE, although the designer must also
consider the impact of higher pressure drops. This can reduce the internal volume of the heat
exchanger, making it possible to reduce the required amount of refrigerant. Micro-channel
heat exchangers have also been developed and provide another design option;

d. Condenser pressure control: Many RACHP systems have “head pressure control” which stops
the condenser pressure floating downwards in cold weather. The use of such controls can be
eliminated or minimized through improved design. For example, by using an electronic
expansion valve in place of a thermostatic expansion valve the head pressure control setting
can be significantly reduced. Energy savings of approximately 20 per cent are possible;

e. Control of auxiliary pumps and fans: Many systems use fans to circulate air being cooled or
pumps to circulate chilled water. Traditionally, these were fixed speed devices that are
designed to suit the nominal design load. Auxiliary loads on the cold side of a refrigeration and
air-conditioning system are “paid-for-twice” because as well as running the pump or fan, they
create an extra heat load that must be removed by the refrigeration system. At part-load,
these auxiliary loads can become a disproportionately large part of the total power
consumption. By using VSDs, the fans and pumps can be slowed down at part-load.

Designing features that will support service and maintenance

When new equipment is being considered, the designer should consider the servicing and
maintenance aspect and provide features that will help ensure good ongoing EE throughout the life
of the system. Proper servicing and maintenance begin with proper installation and commissioning of
equipment. Poor installation and start-up practices can reduce the EE of the equipment substantially
and such losses cannot be recovered for the rest of the life of the equipment. Good monitoring and
control systems can help the plant operator or maintenance technician check performance and
correct any energy wasting faults. It is always better to include meters and sensors as part of a new
system than to add them later.

4.4 Funds and financial institutions for mobilising resources for energy
efficiency (extracts from the TEAP report)6
The TEAP task force report distinguished between funding, financing institutions and others, such as
bilateral programmes, public and private financing, and philanthropic initiatives.
Funding institutions are those institutions providing direct monetary support to a project based on
defined criteria and application process. The funding institutions described in the TEAP task force
report7 are:
 Kigali-Cooling Efficiency Program (K-CEP)
 GEF

Financing institutions are considered as those providing loans for projects under typical application
requirements and terms.8 The financing institutions described in the TEAP task force report9 are:
 GCF
 CIF
 World Bank Group (WBG)
 Regional Development Banks, including the African Development Bank (AfDB); the Asian
Development Bank (ADB); the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD);
and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
 European Investment Bank (EIB)
 Other European EE funding programmes, including the Global Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Fund (GEEREF); and Horizon 2020

Other institutions include national institutions and their respective implementing agencies and
programmes. Among these institutions, the TEAP task force report described the following bilateral
programmes:10
 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
 US Agency for International Development (USAID)
 Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

In reviewing the list of funding, financial and other institutions included in the TEAP task force
report, the Secretariat noted as follows:
(a) The GEF and the GCF, together with the Multilateral Fund, are the three global institutions that
have been established to address global environmental issues:

i. The Multilateral Fund is the financial mechanism of the Montreal Protocol for the Protection
of the Ozone Layer;

6
Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, Eighty-third
Meeting, Montreal, 27 – 31 May 2019, Summary of the report on relevant funds and financial institutions
mobilizing resources for energy efficiency that may be utilized when phasing down HFCS ((Decision 82/83
(d)UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/83/41
 ii. The GEF is the financial mechanism for the following international environmental
conventions: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD); Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification (UNCCD); UNFCCC, and Minamata Convention on Mercury; and
iii. The GCF is the operating entity of the financial mechanism of the UNFCCC;

(b) The World Bank is one of the four implementing agencies of the Multilateral Fund. After the
adoption of the Kigali Amendment, the WBG indicated that as part of its Climate Change Action
Plan, it had “developed a support plan that includes ramping up our lending for EE to
accompany the HFC phase-down,” so that its expected US $1 billion in lending by 2020 for EE in
urban areas “could help support the development of high-efficiency cooling technologies that
also use climate-friendly refrigerants.”;

(c) Prior to the Twenty-eighth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, a press release
issued by the White House of the United States of America on 22 September 201611
announced the intent of 16 donor countries (i.e., non-Article 5 Parties) to provide US $27
million in 2017 to assist Article 5 countries through fast-start support for implementation if an
ambitious HFC amendment with a sufficiently early freeze date was adopted in 2016.
Complementing the additional funding from donor countries, a group of 19 philanthropists
announced their intent to provide US $53 million to Article 5 countries to support
improvements in EE. Based on the contributions by the philanthropists, the K-CEP initiative was
launched in April 2017.
5 Review of Bosnia and Herzegovina legal framework in
RACHP sector

5.1 Review of energy efficiency legislation

The Law on Energy Efficiency of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of FBiH
no. 22/17) in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Law on Energy Efficiency (Official
Gazette of RS, no. 59/13) and the Law on Spatial Planning and Construction (Official Gazette of RS,
no. 40/13, 106/15) in Republika Srpska are the main governing laws in this regard in Bosnia and
Herzegovina.

Law on Spatial Planning and Construction of Republika Srpska underwent a procedure of

amendments to transpose requirements of article 5 of Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency.
The parliamentary procedure of adoption is currently ongoing.

At the level of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina there were activities on the establishment of the
regulatory framework for energy management in buildings of BiH institutions, as follows:

- Decision on the establishment of energy management system and information system of

energy efficiency in institutions at the state level and conformity of data and ordinary
reporting: Adopted, published in the Official Gazette of BiH, no. 48/19

In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a series of activities have been carried out to
supplement the regulatory framework in the field of energy efficiency, as follows:
- Preparation of the amendments to the Energy Efficiency Law and necessary secondary
legislation to include the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme mechanism into the
legislative and regulatory framework.
- Regulation on implementation of energy audits and issuance of energy certificates for
buildings: Adopted, published in the Official Gazette of FBiH, no 87/18;
- Regulation on conditions for issuing and withdrawal of authorizations for carrying out
energy audits and energy certification of buildings: Adopted, published in the Official
Gazette FBiH, no. 87/18;
- Rulebook on minimum requirements for energy performance of buildings: Adopted,
published in the Official Gazzete of FBiH, no. 81/19),
- Rulebook on energy efficiency information system: Adopted, published in the Official
Gazette of FBiH, no. 02/19;
- Rulebook on energy audits in large enterprises and industry: Currently in the final draft –
to be adopted by the Federation Ministry of Energy, Mining and Industry;
- Rulebook on regular inspections of heating and air conditioning systems: Final draft,
currently pending for the adoption at the Federation Ministry of Energy, Mining and
Industry;
 - Methodology for allocating indicative energy saving targets: Adopted, published in the
Official Gazette of FBiH, no. 74/18;
- Rulebook on methodology for the calculation of minimum requirements for energy
performance of buildings based on cost-optimal criteria: Final draft, currently pending for
the adoption at the Federal Ministry of Physical Planning;
- Methodology for implementation of analysis of the use of alternative energy systems when
issuing construction permits for buildings: Final draft, currently pending for the adoption
at the Federation Ministry of Energy, Mining and Industry;
- Amendments to the Law on Spatial Planning and Land Use in the Federation of BiH (Official
Gazette of FBiH, no. 02/06, 72/07, 42/08, 04/10, 13/10, 54/10) introducing energy efficiency
criteria in construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings under jurisdiction of
the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Final draft, currently pending for the adoption
by the Federal Ministry of Physical Planning. Not possible to launch prior to the
adoption of Rulebook on minimum requirements for energy performance of buildings;
- Amendments to 10 cantonal laws on construction, introducing energy efficiency criteria in
construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings under jurisdiction of cantons
and municipalities: Final draft – to be adopted by 10 respective cantonal ministries. Not
possible to launch prior to the adoption of Rulebook on minimum requirements for
energy performance of buildings;
- Guidelines for establishment of public sector energy management in the Federation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Work in progress.

In Republika Srpska, a series of activities have been carried out to supplement the regulatory
framework in the field of energy efficiency, as follows:
- Law on Energy Efficiency (Official Gazette of RS, no. 59/13) Adopted, published in the
Official Gazette RS, no. 74/18;
- Amendments to the Law on Spatial Planning and Construction (Official Gazette of RS, no.
40/13, 106/15) introducing the update of the Article 5 of Directive 2012/27/EU on energy
efficiency: Final draft. Currently pending for the adoption at the Ministry of Spatial
Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology of Republika Srpska;
- Preparation of the amendments to the Energy Efficiency Law and necessary secondary
legislation to include the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme mechanism into the
legislative and regulatory framework;
- Rulebook on energy management system: Final draft. Currently pending for the adoption
at the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology of Republika Srpska;
- Rulebook on implementation of training for energy management system: Final draft.
Currently pending for the adoption at the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil Engineering
and Ecology of Republika Srpska;
- Rulebook on energy efficiency information system: Final draft. Currently pending for the
adoption at the Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology of Republika
Srpska;
- Rulebook on minimum requirements for energy performance of buildings (Official Gazette
of RS, no 30/15): Update, work in progress;
 - Rulebook on carrying out energy audits and energy certification of buildings: (Official
Gazette of RS, no 30/15) Update, work in progress;
- Regulation on the content of technical documentation for construction permit (Official
Gazette of RS, no 101/13): Update, work in progress;
- Methodology for the calculation of minimum requirements for energy performance of
buildings based on cost-optimal criteria (Official Gazette of RS, no 30/15):: Update, work in
progress;
- Rulebooks on regular inspections of heating and air conditioning systems: Work in
progress.

In Brčko District, with the technical assistance provided by the Energy Community Secretariat, in
2019 activities related to the preparation of Law on Energy Efficiency of the BD started.

5.2 Review of design, construction and the maintenance legislation in

RACHP sector referring to safety standards
The following legislation in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina refer to the design,
construction, maintenance and safety national standards in RACHP sector:

 Rulebook on technical characteristics of the ventilation system, partial air-conditioning and

air-conditioning in buildings (Official Gazette of FBiH, No. 49/09)
 Rulebook on technical requirements for thermal protection of buildings and rational use of
energy (Official Gazette of FBiH, No. 49/09).

Above mentioned rulebooks have not been updated yet to consider improvements in national
standards described chapter 3.

There is no similar legislation in Republika Srpska or Brčko District that specifically regulates design
of RACHP installation and refer to the national (or international) standards in RACHP sector.
6 Conclusion -Further steps - Challenge

After the review and detail analyses of international technical standards and energy efficiency
initiatives in RACHP sector and BiH national legislation, technical standards and the current situation
regarding energy efficiency and practices, the following could be recommended:

1. There are several technical standards listed under the BiH catalogue of the national
standards relevant for the implementation of the Kigali Amendment that need to be
updated to the most recent version. Consequently, the final users of those standards must
be informed about the nature of the improvements and instructed to educate themselves
on the specific safety issues related to the application of natural refrigerants: ammonia
(R717), propane (R290), and carbon dioxide (R744);
2. Legislation that regulates design of RACHP installations and refers to the national technical
standards needs to be updated (in the Federation of BiH) and/or developed (in Republika
Srpska) taking into consideration: (i) new requirements described within the relevant
technical standards (specially related to application of natural refrigerants: ammonia (R717),
propane (R290), and carbon dioxide (R744)), (ii) application of the energy efficiency
equipment and (iii) the most recent practices in technical interventions associated with
maintaining and /or enhancing EE;
3. Capacity building of policy makers, national standard authorities and private sector
representatives to implement safety standards and energy efficiency proposed technical
interventions in RACHP sector, considering the most recent experiences published by TEAP
and other relevant institutions;
4. National Ozone Unit of BiH (NOU BiH) has to consider the funding mechanism described by
TEAP to support demonstration projects to be implemented in line with the Kigali
Amendment requirements, with the special focus in implementation of the safety standards
and the proposed technical interventions during design, implementation and maintenance
of the RACHP installations.