Name________________________________Program & Year__________________Score____________

Subject: Understanding the Self Teacher: Louella May V. Plaza Date: Dec., 2021
Type of Activity:
Drawing out ⎕ Concept Notes ⎕ Laboratory
MODULE⎕ 1 LESSON ⎕2Quiz ⎕ Formative
Individual ⎕ Summative
the best
in you!
⎕ Exercise/Drill ⎕ Art/Drawing ⎕ Pair/Group ⎕ Others, specify

MODULE 1: ME AND MY DIGITAL IDENTITY

Topic 1 : I, Me, Myself and my user ID online identity

Selective Self-Presentation and Impression Management

Learning Outcomes : At the end of the learning module, the student is expected to:
(1.) Explain why it is essential to understand sincerity and authenticity;
(2.) Describe and discuss what is digital identity;
(3.) Compare and contrast individual vs social identity.

Reference(s) : Otig V.S., Gallinero, W. B., Bataga, N. U., Salado, F. B. (2018). A

holitic approach in understanding The Self. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

Concept/Digest : ( Read and study the concept, you can even add more
information. Just search in the Google Website for each topic)

Self-presentation behavior is any behavior intended to create, modify, or maintain an impression of

ourselves in the minds of others. Whenever we are attempting to lead people to think of us in a particular way, we
are engaging in self-presentation.

ACTIVITY

Instructions 1: What are your reasons/purposes for going online?

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ANALYSIS

Focus Activity: “Let’s Revisit Our Old Digital Photos”

Procedures:
1. Bring out photos from your past (take a picture of it).
2. Paste it on a blank sheet (Microsoft Word, etc.)
3. Identify the photos by writing names beside them.
4. Say something about the memories elicited by the photos.

ABSTRACTION
WHY DO PEOPLE ENGAGE IN SELF-PRESENTATION?

Self-presentation

 Helps facilitate social interaction;

 Enables individuals to attain material and social rewards; and
 Helps people privately construct desired identities.

Generally, social media platforms are used for:

 Social browsing;
 Social searching;
 Communication; and
 Impression management.

Impression management is the attempt to control or influence any other people’s perceptions. This could be
their perception of a certain person (including you), a material possession, or an event. These are two main motives
of attempting to manage the impressions of others:

 Instrumental. This motive is to basically gain rewards and increase one’s self-esteem.
 Expressive. This motivation is about attempting to be in control of one’s personal behavior and identity. It
is a response to moral norms, expectation, or restrictions, seeking to show others that he or she, as a person,
is different.

Impression Management Strategies

 Self-promotion
 Ingratiation
 Exemplification
 Intimidation
 Supplication

Self-promotion is a proactive process in which a person actively says things or takes action to show his or
her competence to an audience (Rosenfeld et al., 1995, p. 51). Self-promotion often increases whenever there is an
opportunity to openly impress someone of higher status (Giacalone & Rosenfeld, 1986). Ingratiation is the
process by which someone tries to win the approval or acceptance of another. For example, if a woman wants to
get her mother-in-law to like her, she may “kiss up” to her by giving her compliments or gifts. She may also try to
make herself appear more similar to her mother-in-law in behavior and opinion, since people tend to like others
with similar values and interests. Exemplification involves a strategic self-sacrifice so that observers may
recognize the dedication. An exemplifier often wants other people to know how hard he/she has been working
because of the need to advertise his/her behavior (Rosenfeld et al., 1995). Intimidation is a strategy that involves
showing off authority, power, or the potential to punish in order to be seen by observers as someone who could be
or is dangerous. This is designed to increase the credibility of one’s threats and in turn enhance the probability that
the target will comply with the demands for agreement. (Tedeschi & Riess, 1981, p. 11). Supplication is an
approach where the individual exploits his/her weaknesses or shortcomings to receive help or benefits.

IMPACT OF ONLINE INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF

Growing up digital: How the Internet affects teen identity

When British 14-year-old Hannah Smith turned to popular social networking site Ask.fm in July 2013, she wanted
reassurance.

Stressed out from studying for exams and anxious about the return of eczema that made her feel ugly, Smith opened
up about her feelings on the site, which allows users to pose questions others can respond to anonymously.

The responses came in rapid succession. Anonymous posters urged Smith to cut herself and drink bleach. One even
said, “Do us all a favour n kill ur self."

When Smith did just that a month later, her father blamed the anonymity of Ask.fm's commenters for his daughter's
death. The family demanded action against the site, and Smith's death made international headlines about the effects of
cyberbullying.
 What detectives found was arguably much more tragic — that Smith sent the hateful messages to herself, hoping her
friends would rally in her defense.

While cases like Smith’s are rare, Smith was doing what most teenagers do: seeking identity validation from friends
and strangers, often via social media. As a new generation comes of age online, the Internet could be affecting how they form
their identity.

Catherine Steiner-Adair, a psychologist and author of “The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family
Relationships in the Digital Age,” says the kind of outside affirmation Smith sought online is a vital part of how teens form
identity.

“The need for validation and confirmation that you’re OK is so huge,” Steiner-Adair said. “Parents often say, 'How
could you go on a site where people can anonymously respond to whatever your question is: Am I cute? Am I fat?' But we’re
forgetting what it means to be a teenager when we say things like that.”

Social media allow kids to broadcast everything while connecting them to experiences they might not have
encountered a generation ago. But it also opens teens up to exponential ridicule or an amplified feeling of invisibility that can
influence the perceptions they have of themselves.

According to market research data released this year from GFK, a German market research institute, the amount of
time teens spend online has grown 37 percent since 2012, to about four hours a day. In a 2010 survey from the Girl Scout
Research Institute, 74 percent of girls said they felt their peers used social media to "make themselves look cooler than they
are," and 41 percent said that also describes them.

A 2010 study from York University found that people with lower self-esteem spent more time online and posted
more "self-promotional" content to sites like Facebook.

Steiner-Adair says that while technology changed how teens seek and get feedback about identity, teen behavior is
much the same.

“Kids are always looking at each other, comparing themselves to each other. The same thing that’s going on in the
halls is going on online,” Steiner-Adair said. “The difference for teenagers today is that there’s an endless supply of people to
whom they can compare themselves.”

In 1998, one of the first studies of Internet use found that internet use in general significantly affected
social relationships and participation in offline community is life (Kraut et al., 1998). The study indicated that the
more time spent online caused a decline in communicating with family members. A 2013 data also indicated that
the use of social networking sites (SNS) may possibly undermine subjective perception of well-being and life
satisfaction.

One of the reasons times spent on SNS may be associated with depressive symptoms is the fact that
computer-mediated communication may lead to the altered (and often wrong) impression of the physical and
personality traits of the other users. This may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding physical appearance,
educational level, intelligence, moral integrity, as well as many other characteristics of online friends (Chou,
2012). However, it should be stressed that so far there is still no conclusive evidence that the use of SNS causes
depression or even a single symptom of depression.

In a more specific study, recent research presented conflicting results regarding the potential influence of
Facebook and any other SNS on self-esteem. One possible indication of the negative relationship between self-
esteem and the use of Facebook is that all social networking platforms (where self-presentation is the principal
user activity) cause or at least promote narcissistic behavior (Mehdizadeh, 2010). However, another study
suggested that Facebook use may actually enhance self-esteem. This study supported the interpersonal
communication theory called the hyperpersonal model. This theory suggested that the advantage of computer-
mediated communication is that a person can edit his or her self-presentation, which in turn positively impacts
impressions on the self; thus, greater intimacy is possible (Gonzales & Hancock, 2011).

Social networking was also found to be addictive. The addictive nature of SNS is supported primarily by
the mental preoccupation of chronic SNS users who, as a result, tend to neglect some other aspects of their social
functioning such as family and offline friends. In addition, some chronic users who have suddenly stopped online
social networking (i.e., lack of Internet connection) have been observed to display signs and symptoms that at least
partially resemble the ones seen during drug/alcohol/nicotine abstinence syndrome (La Barbera et. al., 2009).
Examples of these symptoms are:

 Anxiety
 Restlessness
 Irritability
  Insomnia
 Headaches
 Poor concentration
 Depression
 Social isolation

WHAT MAKES US SO ADDICTED?

Communication occurs during interaction, and our need to be connected and interact with others is
universal and avoidable. Communication is necessary in our unending search for sense and meaning to our world.
“One cannot not communicate” (Wazlawick & the Palo Alto School, 1967).

The social world is socially constructed through interactions between people: roles, rules, categorizations,
stereotypes, and so on. Social networks have the power to amplify this human nature. They have broken the
barriers of distance and time; of presence and visibility. They expand the possibilities of sharing and sharing and
playing identities. They fulfill the most deeply felt human need of finding a psychological distinctiveness and self-
definition in a social context.

Social validation is an important part of being human. Hence, a Facebook “Like” or a Twitter “Favorite” is
a social signal that makes us feel good and makes us want to crave more.

APPLICATION

1. What network site/s do you usually visit? (e.g., FB, Yahoo, Google, YouTube, and the like) Why?
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2. How often do you stay online? (e.g., 5 hours a day, 8 hours a day, and so on)
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3. If you open your FB account, do you keep your identity public or private? Why?
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4. What would be the possible “benefits” and “risks” if your online profile is made public?
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RUBRIC FOR MAKING A SHORT ESSAY

Advance (5) Developing (3) Emerging (1) Score

Exceptionally well- Well-presented and Content is sound and

presented and argued; ideas are solid; ideas are present
Content argued; ideas are detailed, developed and but not particularly
detailed, well- supported with developed or supported;
developed. evidence and details, some evidence, but
 mostly specific. usually of a generalized
nature.

Organization is Organization is Organization is confused

coherent, unified coherent and unified and fragmented in
Organizatio and effective in overall in support of the support of the essay’s
n support of the paper’s purpose/ plan, purpose/ plan and
paper’s purpose but is ineffective at demonstrates a lack of
times and may structure or coherence
demonstrate abrupt or that negatively affects
weak transitions readability.
between ideas or
paragraphs.

Shows a pattern of errors

in spelling, grammar,
Mechanics Excellent grammar, A few errors in
and syntax. Could also
spelling, and grammar, spelling, and
be a sign of lack of
syntax. syntax but not many.
proof-reading.

PROCESS OF SUBMISSION:

1. The module after completion of answers must be submitted at the google classroom code of your course subject.
2. Filename of the submitted module must be in a (LAST NAME, FIRST NAME) format.
3. Deadline of submission is on December , 2021.