MATHEMATICS

Quarter 2 Module 1:

Direct Variation
Lesson

Learning Competencies:
● Illustrates situations that involve direct variation. (M9AL- lla-1)
● translate into variation statement a relationship involving direct variation between two quantities given
by a table of values, a mathematical equation, a graph, and vice versa. (M9AL- lla-b-1)
● solve problems involving direct variations. (M9AL-llb-c-1)

What’s New
Let us begin our lesson by doing activities that will illustrate the concept of direct variation.
These activities used situations we practically encountered in our real-life. It is hoped that you can be able to
identify relationships and patterns and further use these concepts in solving problems involving direct variation.
Activity 1: Let’s Go!
Joash is riding his car leaving Iligan City to visit his grandparents in Lanao del Norte. He travels at 70
kilometers per hour. The table below shows the time in hours (t) travelled and the distance in km (d) covered by a
car.

Photo Credits: Miladima A. Boa

Let t be the number of hours and d be the distance.

Answer the following:
1. Complete the table below
Time in hour (t) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance in km (d) 70 140
2. When time in hours (t) increases, how does distance in km (d) change?
3. Plot the points (t,d) in the plane below. What have you observed with the points plotted?
350
280
distance (d)

210
140
70
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
time (t)

d
4. What do you observe about the ratio ?
t
5. What is the constant rate?
6. Complete the equation that shows the relationship between the time in hours (t) and the distance in km (d) of car
travelled.
d = _______________
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The activity leads us to the following concepts:

1. When time in hours (t) increases, the distance in km (d) also increases. Thus, expresses direct relationship.
2. Using a convenient scale, the graph of the relation is:
350
280
distance (d)

210
140
70
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
time (t)

As shown in the graph, points form a line that passes through the origin with a slope of 70.
d
3. The ratio = 70 is constant as shown in the
t
Time in hour (t) 1 2 3 4 5 table below, hence, k=70.
Distance in km (d) 70 140 210 280 350
d 70 140 210 280 350
t 1 2 3 4 5

70 70 70 70 70

4. The mathematical sentence or equation describing the relation is d = 70t.

Direct Variation occurs when one quantity is equal to a constant times the other quantity. This can be
y
expressed into mathematical statement or equation as y=kx, where k = is the constant of variation or constant of
x
proportionality. These statements can be:
“ y varies directly as x”
“ y is directly proportional to x” and
“ y is proportional to x”.

These statements mean that for two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y as well.
Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.
Let us study the following statements translated into equations where k represents the constant of variation
or constant of proportionality.

Examples:
1. “a is directly proportional to b”
a
is translated as a = kb where k =
b
2. “The circumference (c) of a circle varies directly as the length of its
diameter (d).”
c
is translated as c = kd where k =
d
 3. “The cost (c) of fish varies directly as the number (n) of kilos bought.”
c
is translated as c = kn where k =
n

Let us use direct variation in solving word problems. Study the following examples below.

Examples

1. If y varies directly as x and y = 48 when x = 16, find the constant of variation and the equation.
Solution:

a. To find the constant of variation:

Translate statement “y varies directly as x” into equation
y = kx

48= k(16) Substitute the given values of x and y to the equation

To solve for the constant of variation (k), apply the Multiplication

(❑ ❑
❑ )48= k(16)( ❑ ) Property of Equality (MPE). Multiply ( 161 )both sides, the reciprocal of
the numerical coefficient of k.
❑
❑
3=k The constant of variation k is equal to 3
or
k=3

b. To find the equation:

Translate statement “y varies directly as x” into equation

y = kx

k=3 The value of k from solution (a)

y = (3)x Substitute 3 to k in the equation
y = 3x The equation of the variation

2. The table below shows a relation between the distance in km(d) and the time in hour (t ). Find the
constant of variation and the equation which describes the relation.
Time in hour 1 2 3 4 5
(t)
Distance in 80 160 240 320 400
km (d)

Solution:

a. To find the constant of variation:

d
Form the data in the table, is constant.
d 80 160 240 320 400 t
= = = = = =80
t 1 2 3 4 5

k =80 By definition, k is the constant of variation.

b. To find the equation:

 d
=k d
t Since the ratio of d and t or is constant,
t
d
=80
t Since k =80, substitute 80 to k.

d Apply the Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE).

( t ) =80( t ) Multiply t both sides.
t
d = 80t The equation of the variation
3
3. The table below shows a relation between the distance in km(d) and the time in hour (t). Find the constant of
variation and the equation which describes the relation.
Time in hour 1 2 3 4 5
(t)
Distance in 80 160 240 320 400
km (d)
Solution:

a. To find the constant of variation:

d
Form the data in the table, is constant.
d 80 160 240 320 400 t
= = = = = =80
t 1 2 3 4 5

k =80 By definition, k is the constant of variation.

b. To find the equation:

d
=k d
t Since the ratio of d and t or is constant,
t
d
=80
t Since k =80, substitute 80 to k.

d Apply the Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE).

( t ) =80( t ) Multiply t both sides.
t
d = 80t The equation of the variation

4. The graph shows the number of bottles n produced by a machine and the time t in hours the machine is
working. Find the constant of variation and the equation which describes the relation.
9000
number of bottles (n)

7200
5400
3600
1800
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time in hours (t)

Solution:
a. To find the constant of variation

n 1800 3600 n
= = =900 As shown in the graph, the ratio of n and t or is
t 2 4 t
constant.
k = 900 By definition, k is the constant of variation.

b. To find the equation:

d
=k d
t The ratio of d and t or is constant,
t
d
=900
t Since k =900, substitute 900 to k.

d Apply the Multiplication Property of Equality

( t ) =900( t ) (MPE). Multiply t both sides.
t
d = 900t The equation of the variation
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5. If p varies directly as q and p = 25 when q = 5, what is the value of q when p = 80?

Solution 1

Translate statement “p varies directly as q” into equation

p= kq
25 = k(5) Substitute the given values of p and q to solve for k in the
equation
To solve for the constant of variation (k), apply the
1
1 1 Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE). Multiply both
( ) 25 = k(5) ( ¿ 5
5 5
sides of the equation the reciprocal of the numerical
coefficient of k.
25
=k
5
5=k The constant of variation k is equal to 5
or
k=5

p = 5q Write the variation equation p= kq when k=5

Substitute the given value of p = 80 to solve for q

80 = 5q

1 1 To solve for q, apply the Multiplication Property of Equality

( ) 80 = 5(q) ( ¿
5 5 (MPE)
80
=q
5
16 = q The value of q when p = 80
or
q = 16

Solution 2

p p
Since is a constant, then we can write k = . From here, we can establish a proportion such that
q q
p 1 p2
= where p1 = 25, q1 = 5 and p2 = 80.
q1 q2

Substituting the values, we get

25 80
= Divide
5 q2
80
5= Multiply both sides of the equation by q 2
q2
5q2 = 80 Apply Multiplication Property of Equality or (MPE),
1
multiply to both sides of the equation
5
q2 = 16

Therefore, q = 16 when p =80.

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Activity 1: Let’s Do This

A. Write an equation to the following statements:

1. The cost C of meat varies directly as its weight w in kilograms.

2. The amount paid A for the purchase of the shirts varies directly with the number n of shirts bought.
3. An employee’s earned income I varies directly as the number of days d he has worked.
4. The perimeter P of a square is directly proportional to its side s.
5. The volume V of a cylinder varies directly as the height h of the cylinder.

B. Determine if the tables and graphs below express a direct variation between the variables. If they do, find the
constant of variation and an equation that defines the relation.

x 1 2 3 4 5
1. y 2 4 6 8 10

x 24 12 8 6
2. y 1 2 3 4

x 10 15 20 25
3.
y 100 150 200 250

10 4.
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 25

20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5.
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C. Solve the problem: Mutya sold 2 baskets of avocado at Php30.00 per kg. If a basket contains 5 kg, how much did Mutya
2
earn?

Answer Key:

Activity 1: Let’s Do This

A 1. C = kw
2. A = kn
3. I = kd
4. P = ks
5. V= kh
B. 1. Direct variation
k=2 ; y = 2x
2. not direct variation
3. direct variation
k = 10 ; y = 10 x
4.direct variation
3 3
k= ; y= x
2 2
5.not direct variation

C. Php330.00

Prepared by:
GRADE 9 MATHEMATICS TEACHERS
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