2016
Quon! Aukeiou
Pevota
Oewpia Kat AOKIOELG
www.physicsnet.edu.gr
X. Papudtys - pvourds aPevota
§1 Pevoté oe isoppotia
icon —_civen povopetpo péye605 kar opiCetar ws to arpixo tg SovanNG OV
AOcra Ge pia empavera RPOS to cpBadS ME EMOdveLas
S1. IN/m? = IPa
tov Pascal
erat UK TiLt
Yépoorux eivat n mizon nov ogeiierut oto Bapos ov vypob Kut o& BADOS h
w V9 _ pal
rotten we Pyap, = = Ae = 8 = pn = pgh. Av to vyp6 Bpiokeran xtc
Paporixod xediov dev vxdpzer vdpoctatuct nicom,
Tupova ue my apy tov Pascal y dxora nisay emadéov tS vdpootarinijc xov
apoxaiei éva ekorepiné ain oc éva onpciodavKos vypot, neragéperat
ayeripinry oe bia ra ompela tov.
Eorw pa toobehta tov vypod yous h Kat
euadow dtatopis A. H nocérnta auth
iaopporei Sex6prevy TIS Swviqiers nov gaivovear
ot0 oxfua. Iozbouv
3F,.=09% =F
XP, =037, +W-F,=05F, =F +W >
PaA = PiA + mg + PsA= PLA + pV >
PyA = PA + pAbg — PASIPIEDEH
And my teevtaia azéon npoxdater 6x1 n miso oe BaO0s h civar avénpévy ¢ o76oq
he Thy mieon omy emoavent Kata THY RoGOTHTE Pgh 1 OmOia zivat 1 vSpoctatHch
xieon,
Avy micon omy empaven civar n atpoogaipiKi TOtE N icon ae BiGOs h iver
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxdsBE» 67609 cur} toY0e1 ta Wavixd vypé ce wopporia ce Soycio pe avoysth
THY Rave emodvera Kat Evtds BapuTIKOD mEBiON,
To vdpaviiKd meoriipio
Amoteheitat and S30 Soxcia
Fr he euBad6 emoaveras A; to
Fy éva kat A> > A; to dio xov
EmiKOIWONVODY [ETAED TOUS E
Lent6 codsva, neprexouv
vypé kan K2eivovta and
ive je éfolo. Av
aoxijoovpe pa Sovapn Fy,
‘oro xpd sufioho
poxadeitan mean P; = Fi/Ai
Adyo mE apyAg tov Pascal 1,
icon avr petadidera avadoiom oz dha ta anucia tov vypob. Era Kato ax6 to
eyGo uBodo npoxadeinat nieon P= F:/Az nov eivar fon we mV P). Apa
Pi=P2—> Fi/As = Fils > BPE aniasy, 11 Sovayn mov Ba napovpe oto
Heyddo éyforo civar roacs popés peyaRorepH a6 ey Siva ROV aBKi}eay.c oxo
juxpé énBoho does gopés peyahbrepy sivar NeMipaveia Az and mY AL
A A
Ay Oecophooupe 6t1 pe my e&daxnan me Fi 10 uBoLo A; petaKwiOyKe nods apyic
kati Ay mapayOnke épyo AW: =F; Ay, Eneidi, to vypé eivat mpaxtixé aovpniesto,
6 SyK0g TOD vyPOb TOD LETUKIVHONKE aNd to apratepS Sozcio peUpépONKE oto SeLi
kat AV) = AV2 > A.A = Aap 9 sea xaparp nus én Kepdioaye o¢
divayy to yavoupe oe werarémay )
To épyo ts F: Oat civat AW: = Fo Aya = Fy 2 Anat =F) Ag = AW) .... Sadi dev
1A
xepdioque evipyeta.
To vbpoctarixd xapadoio
Ta Bozeia tov
Suthavod oypatos
Exowv 10 i510 eufsads
Baonc A; = A2= As,
epieyowv to i510
YP, Gro {510 byos h.
H icon otov mOuéva
P3 = Pac + pah dpa. kat n Soveyen x00
=F3=PA.
a Q) @)
Tov tpiav doyzioy Oa eivar iBta Pi
aoxcira otov mOpéva Oa. civat ita F,
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds EeriSa3(Owens ov doxeio (1) n Sivayn nov aoxei to vyps otoV MvO,Léva 1GOdTUL HE To Bépos
tov Sy.ady Wi = Fp = pghA. Eto ozcio (2) 10 Paipos tov vypod eivar peyardtepo
x6 17 ddvapn MOV aoKei 10 vyp6 Grov MOLEVE Wo > Fuyp = pghA Kat oto Soxcio (3)
0 Bapos tov vypob eivar puxpétepo and tH SbvaLN nov aoKei To vyps otOV MBHEVE
Ws < Forp = peh.
TrovpBaiver dtav éyoupe Hy ida oGSr|TU vy/pod, oto ido byos h oe tpia Sozeia
Ones ta mapaméve ah pe Ao < Ai < As:
Utube
0 owhijvas tov oxgiwaros eprézer vepe Kat AGdt tu omoia Sev avapLyvoovEAL Kat TO
aiompa wopporci, Toren nicon ota onpicia A kat B Oa civan idta,
Pa= Pn Par + pagh
Pax + paghs — pighi = pyghs > px hi = py ha
Emn).éov dévaun nov coxsita otov nuOpéve doysion and odua nov smm)ssr.
Ze Sozzio epBadow Patong Ay undipyet vyp6 ce byos h Kai n vipootatmKH alec GTO
mveuéva tov
Bozeion civan
Poor = Po Bh.
Tono@etoope
Héou oto vypd
copa
xvAwSprxod
oxtnatos,
euPadou Patong
Az, Bapoug W
10 on0i0
emuthécr
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds Eenida 4Bodtopévo Kati h’. O 6x05 tov Gtpatog mOD civan BB LopEvos ovo vyps, extomiter
avtioto1jo dyxo vypod jc anoTé.copa.Y Emupiivera Tov vypOd va avoyoodei Katé Ay
térow Hote Ardy = Ach’ (1). Tore 9 véa vopoctatuci icon ctov mOpEva too
Bozziow Oa eivar
Pro= Puyo 2 H+ Ay). Apa y rican otov modpéva avEnonKe Katt
I <= icc mg pores P= pop ev
;
‘Ques ax6 tm ovvOrixn woopponiag y1a to GOpa éxoupe DFy = 0 > Fy + W- Fy-0>
Fy = Fy + W > PsAa= Per Az + W> (Pas + Pixp hh’ )A2 = Por Ao + W>
Tedans ap pa 1 emadéoy dvvaun nov uoxeitar otov
AF=APAi=W
vOuéva eivar fon Kurta uérpo je t0 Bapos tov cdpatos.
Avon. Eivat 1 d0vajin nov aoKei to vypO oto Goya KAA TOV emttpEneL va EMEA
Tro napardve napdderypa sivat n ovvictapévy tov Fy Kat Fy Kon ivan avridern
Tov Paipovs tov GdpaT0s SNRGSH Fawn; = Fe - Fy =W= Puro & Vputronisev osc,
Lpoao zi 1 aviosn iaovrat ue to Paipos tov Gopatos povo Stay avr emmdéet yopig
11 Pon Pea dLov Suvipiemy. Av-TO adpa eivar oLOx2npO PUOGpEVO oto vYPO, 1
m Prog
voor Eivat Favor: = Pp & V osusae = Porn W kat civat
Paisnarog — Parigarog
heyadtepy and to PApo< Tov GHLOTOS UV Pgonaros < Poypas eV Oa eivat
MiKPOTEPN AN TO PAPOC TOV GHPATOE OV Pospatog > Prypor
YSpoctatuey ricoy oe emiraywvonievo Soye'
To doycio tov ox uatos neprézer avixd vyps
(asvyriesto) Babous h Kat Kveitan KaTaKOpUgE
pos ta Rave te emtayoven &. H waa m tov
vypod nov zeptéxerat oto Soyzio emragiverat
v6 THY exiSpacn Tov Svvtitewv ToD Bapovs,
INE atUSTOAIpAS Kat Tov TOREVE. ‘Exar tozphet
EF = ma Frog — Far W= ma
Ops Foo. — Far = Frspooranc pet
Fuspeocusay = W + ma Pyspecasy A= mg + ma.
7 Pripostare A= m(g + a) > Prspoorenes A=
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds Eerida 5PAn(g + a) > Pina = Ph)
Xypd Kou ..t,
1) O cwkivas tov oypatos éyet navtoo my iia Suatopi A KaL Repiéfer vypE mov
twopporei. Me rn BorBeia enPd2ov extpénovte to vyPS and THY apyKH Béon
1wopportias kat to agmivonpie chebOepo
‘Orav t0 v7p6 piokerat
omny Katéaotacy xOD
gaivera oto 2” ofa,
ororzendring paca Am éyer
petaromatei xpos ta deta
até Ay xavdéyerat
SuviusigF; and vyp6 oto
Seki Mpa Tov cove Kat
Bam F, az6 vyp6 oto apiotepo
qyujpa tov Godiva, Tre.
tober EF = F) — Fr = PiA — PrA = ( Port pgh )A= (Pa: + pgh + pg2Ay)A >
ZFS -2pgAAy Apa to vypé Oa Kétvet a.0.t. we otaXepa enavagopas D=2peA
xa mpiobo T=2n [= ae [B
2) To Sozcio tov opiwatos éze1 eupad6 Baons Az evs 0 cwdsivas OMY Rive
emoaverd tov éxer ELPad6 Ay Ke TO GHoTH}A TEpréxer SavIKo (AovpAIEGTO) VyPE TO
onoio Kieiverat and zive pe éufioho. Tlave ato éufio2o eiven otepewpévo waved
m
= Al=mg/K
ehanipio otabepag K kai névo oto charnpio ope wéas
im. Extpérovpe to occ an6 ty Osan coppomias Katt d
mpos te navn yopis va Eenepdcovpe TH Oéoy PuarKoD
InjKoug tov champion Kat to aorvooLE eR2bOepO ver KavEL
aa.
Ago’ 10 1706 ivan aovpniato to byos h bev adhacer, ai
11 rican ato Kato Lépos tov quPoLov adAACer diapKES
Kallis perapédAetar 1 Sovajmn nov doKei to eharipIo oto
euBodo, emopévac aaCer Kat y nieon otov mvOpEva TOD
Boxziov.
Em Oéon wopporias woyver EF =0 > Fa =W > K Al=mg
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds Eerida 6H xicon ovov mv0uéve yivetat wéntom Stay 10 cHHE pioxcrat omY Kétw aKpaia
FeasWeuporov
Géon TNS 6.4.1. Ka OTE N TiesN UKPIBHs KéTw 4x6 To EuBodo eivar P. a a
Katee Wena Wasanas KEV a8 oy Dea, au Py + pl
H xiaoy otov mvOuéve yiveror chagioTy Otay to cdua Bpiokstar omV ave axpaia
Fes,
Oéoy Ms a.6.7, KaL tdtE y Rison axpIPKds KATO aNd To é4,Poho civar P,=——sHEeHeE
2 cue Wengeroy — Woapare tty 20208 oq P(AVO.)nin = Pa + poh
H peyton peraBohi m5 icons orov mOpEva civat AP — P(AV8. nx ~ POEVO. ain
P,}-P)= a evi 1 péytoty petaBodsy tg Sévapns orov mvuéva eivar
AF max = APinaxAz.
JA) Ba népovte AProx =“ =" at AFpox = 4mg.
Ay At
Eqapyoyi ya d = AU2 Kat A>
3) Nope paCag m, vyoug H kat
euBado0 pamms A emuméer otv
empavera vypod Budiopevo
kati h Ox oto of.
Exrpénovpe to odpa
KaTUXOpUpA pos Ta KETO KUL
10 agivoupte chevBepo. To
Bozs!o nov mepreyer to vypo
Exe moh) peyddy empavera
Gore n avoywon me
emodiveiag tov vypod va
Gcupeire apehnréa, Exions
Ocopodpe dri zpipés Bev
vnapyouv. Av Fy kav Fy civar ot dvvapiers nov aaxei to vyp6 ( xapig ™ Sbvapn Myo
IME aTpoOapAIpUR|S Ricans) GTHY KEto em@avEIa tov vypod ary HéaN Ieopponiag Kat
Thy tuyaia Gon avtiotorza, 1ex5ovv
Ean Géoy toopporiag EF =0— Fi =W— pghA=W
Euyy twzoia Gon EF = WF
SF =- pgAAy dpa to copa Kaver aot. we Dp
—pa(h+ Ay)A= W -pghA- pgAdy >
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds EeniSa7§2 Pevoté ot kivnon
Ou ovvezicoupe va. avagepopaate oz tdaviKG peveté ta onoia cival aovpmiceTa,
dev RapoverdCovy sooreprxt tpIBi Ob te KL TpIBH pe ta TIZdpaATA Tov doxeiov TOV
tu neptizer. Enionc n por tovs Oa eivar otperri kat 6x Tuppddns.
Pevpotuxt ypaypy civat 1
tpopd nov Sraypager yo
Groryerbdne waCa tov
pevotod. H taxotta avtiis
amg naGas civan KéGe oTeyyth
part pevy ty pevpaTuci,
ypapph. Avo pevparucés
ypappés dev pmopowy va
téptvovean,
Pevuarc yea
@2éfa ovopsera éva cdvolo pevpatiKdy ypapydy ‘Evas corivas propel vo
TepihayBaver apKerés ohéBes Tov onoioy ot pepuaTiKés ypapyés Sev aveystyvbovtaL
Hapori TH avd ooiava f unas @déefiag ovopaCovpe to mYAiKo tov SyKoV AV tov
vypoo mov SrépzetUn and pre, KAEM TOMA TOV wriva.H ME PRéBas Ge xpsvo At pos
10 ypovo avt6. o-@ SL im/s
Sto Siahave og pa oaiveran
vag owhiyvas atabepias
Suatopig A otoy oxoio pier éva
vypd pe tayottad. Ze ypovo
At to pét@z0 tov vypow Or
diaviaevansotaan Ay =u At
Kat O6yKOs TOV VyPO’ ROU OL
TepAGel aNd je StaTo}A TOD
qyoyod 8a civat AV =A Ay Tote n nupozi tov owhiva 8a toovTat we T= =
bax
ras
E ov
1a.
To vypé nov kweitat oe éva cohiva civat aovpnicato Kat enions o owhi\vas obte
mapéryet, obte KaTavadover pila vypod, Exot and Kae Stato} tov cwhiva Oa.
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds renida 8duépyeran o iB105 dyKog vypod AV
toy i510 zpovo At, SmAadH N
apoy a civar oc dha ta onpcia
tov dodijva otadeph
Anjhadiy exei nov civan mo atevés o cwhiy
*E£icooy Bernoull
Exeidy) avagepopuote of
sSaviKd pevaté nov KivooYTaL
opis tprBés, 1 smyaviey tovg
evépyeua Kata ty Kivnon tov;
o« éva owhiva Sarmpetcon
orabeph. Eotw ja
ororgetiin¢ paca Am tov %
vypov oto Gwhiva tov
oxhpatos. H zigon 6tr Bon,
(1) eivat peyadotepn ax6 my
igor otn @éon (2) Kan éxor n
Am emraypvetar v6 thy extdpacn tov Fy Kat F. epapudCoupe to Seapnua
netaBohig mg KwatiRris evepyetas orig Béoexs (1) Kut (2)
Ko—Ki= Wei + Wa + Ww 3 Am us? > Am uy? =Fy Axi + (- Fa) Axa + Am g (yi
yn 7 $ pAV ur? - 2 pAV u,?= P) Ay Axy - P2 A Ax: + pAV 8 (yi—yo)
‘Oums Eepoupe Ott Ay AX, = Az Ax: =
AV xatn tekevtata oxéon yiverut
QeGonus Torricelli
‘Eotw éva avoyt6 and xave boycio nod
Heydiov euBadoo empaveiug A; 10 onoio
zeptézer vypd oe dyos h. Een Pain tov vadpyer
ja. om euBadod Statopiis Ar « Ar an6 THY
onoia péct to vyps. A@od 1A; civar nok} b
jeGin wxopodpe va Ocopjdovpe duty oxGi0}n
tov vypod ato doycio KatePaiver pe apekytéa
tay ityta 1 va Ocoprsovpe Sti pe pa egotepuE
zaporp} avardnpdvera to vypé nov expéet
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds EenidadEpappsCovpe my eéiowen tov Bernoulli xaté pijicog pas pevuatiniis ypayus ya
ta onpicia B kai F Ocmpavrag exinedo undevurris Suvayuxiig evepyetas oto F
Put pgh=P:+ pu? ouocPu=Pr=Pa, dpa pgh=ipu? + SE2gn
Taparnpoope 6 n taxgieqta exporjs eivat ion we THY taxSTITU AOD a eixe pL
oroyerdin¢ naa tov vypod av Exave ehedepy AHoN,
Auepcivnon oto Ocbpyue Torricelli
Foro dozcio cuBadov empaveiag Ay rov
epiézer vypd oe byos h kat civat Keteto a6
iver, Emm Prion tov vadipzer jue om euPasoo
Statopiis A> ax6 THY Onoia. péAL-to VypS
An6 tay e&iowon ovvézeias Exoope
m= Aur = Asus uy =n 32 a
Ano my e€io@oy Bernoulli ya ta onpieia B kat
2 2 4B 2
T éyoupe Pi +3pur*+peh=P2+ Spur > Pit 5 pw” a +peh=P.+ Spur
F
AG
# uy @Q
= Pi = P2 + peh=3 (1+
Ano thy teevtaia oxdon mpoKiater oT
4:
a) av Ay « Ay tOtE “ = O Karn oy ys EEA
n
B) av 10 doycio eiven avorrts and méve tte Py= Py = Pye Keer y (2) yiveran
7) av 10 doycio civan avoyrt6 and nav Kat Ar << Ay 1 (2) yivern WV 2H
Haparnpodpe oni n tehevtaia axéan 1oxbet pOvo av to doyzio eivar avoyzto and
rive, 1 emopdvert tov vypod eivar ee00epn xopis Kavéva GHya va EmUMEEL KAI]
Empdveua. tov atopiow exporjc eivar mORD wuxpOTEpN aNd THY ERevBEpN Empavera too
Soxciov.
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds Lenida 10Poduetpo Ventouri
Eivan éva opyavo pte t0 oroio
Hetpawe Thy TaxoTHTE pore
265 VYPOH Ge GwHiva.
And my ekiowan avvéxeras
--- égoupe
Aju; = Agu; > U;
Ané thy e€is@on Bernoulli yta ta onpiciet 1 kat 2 ta onoia Bpiokoveat ato iSto byOS,
2 7 2A
tips Pi +ipu = Pat Spur oe
éyoupe Py + ; pu
Pie pai 1 yur (2)
Opes P)=Per + pgh (3) Kat P2 =P + pgh> (4)
And 1 (2) ue aveaxardsracn ton (3), (4) égoopie path hn )=4 a. jue
Expor} vypot wan o, 1
Ze aoxijoeic exporic
vypob and Sozeio
nropoope va
Sewprooune undeviKes
Tig avtigtacets a6 Tov
‘aépa kat pe Kus}
mposéyyion va
nehenjooupe ty Kivnon,
muag ororgerd3oug pias
Tov vypod ws opiCovtia
Podi. Seqy xepintaon
tov bihavon oyiatos
and to Oedpnpa
Torricelli BpioKoupe tv
taygotnta exporS
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds EenSa 11FEVBAH (1) Kar om ovvexeru pederiue ty opiCovera Pods was otors1O5ove
naCas Am az6 mY apzh aveéapmciag tov KWWHecoN.
Lrov 1'7 dEove Kétvel £.0.K. Kan KDE Oty Eyer OpICOvTIA avvioTHGa TaxdTHTAS
WW) con éyet xaver opiCovta peraromon PS WES)
Exov y'y dove Kéver chevOepn mda Kau RADE oTryN éyer KaTAKOpOOH GUVIETHGE
saints
HBR 9 x eve cacaxipopn ween LS)
O yp6voc zov anaiteita pa va otd6e to fagog mpoKdaTeL av
2 fad
aytikatustsoupe omy (5) y=d rorwed=Set ste T
H rayirnra uc tay onvia raver oto éuwos ynopei vu vROLoyIoTE! evepyewuKé. av
Gyreite wovo to péxpo Ts aAAG KaI aNd TIs EE @doex KivnoNS. Bpioxo xopiové TG
S60 coviordses uy= uy =/2gh wa wy =gZt=g es [2g
H redux taybenta Oa éyet pétpo u= uz + wz = f2gh + 2gd = /2g(h+ d)
To Beavenic. npoxdater av avtikutustiiooupe omy (3) 10 xpdvo mOV vxOLoyioupe
Ménato fedmvenés, Se 2600 vyos and
1 Bion mpéxer va avoiZoupe ja pnxpA
Om}, Gate to Uyp6 ROD EKpéet Va. PrALGEL
om peor GxdotUGH UMD 1 bozEI0;
Tlapandvo Bpixape oni to ednveris Oa
Sivetan and tm o76on
Ynox=2VER. ab 10 oyfyua naparnpo
6tth=H=d aveKathatoope Kat
vydvoupe oto terpéryevo
Yas =4 d(H-d) > yma =4 dH-4 dP 4-4 Hd t yma? =0
Ati civar pia e&icwon B’ Ba®uod wc xpos d Kan ta va ézet MpaypatiKés piles mere
va éyet diaxpivovad A > 0 16 H?— 16 Xnax” 20 16 Xaux” S16 H? > Xmas SH
apa to péyioro edveKés cfvat your =H
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds Leribe 12Ta mpaypurixd pevord dagépovy onpavend ax6 ta Wavixt peverd mov HEAETIOOPE
0g wpa, Eta apaynaruxd pevotd vxdpyovy Suvapiers wetazp tov popioy tov vypoo (
dvvapers ovvoziig ) Kar Svvpers pevatd tov popioy ov vypOd KAI TOV Hopi@y TOV
Soysiow nov to nepréyer ( Suvapers oovigerac )
OvowaiGonpe Eddes mV tpIBH xov avarTGastaL = éva Pevard nov pet
a Avépieoa of Sbo mixes e1fadod An
kG0e pia Eyouue tonoVenjact péht ote,
F va SqovpymBet Eva otpHpa maxoug £
Kpotape my kato maa. axivnt Ke
ackobpe oT rive méKa. SbvapN F
Gore va xweitan pe otabeph rapier
i, Tote eivan DF = 0 >
Tov no avvtehestts E@SoUs o onoi0g civat yapaKTMpIATIKs yla KBE pevETS Ket
éyet wovddes S.1. INs/m*
——"
E. Pamwwtng - pvorxds LenSa 13