Gas Turbine Performance Acceptance Test Specification (Version 5) (TSMKO-00TG-T-30-TG0-321-A)

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
Power & Electricity Industries Co.
PROJECT : KHORRAM SHAHR B.O.O COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT (4 x V94.2 GTG )
GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE /

ACCEPTANCE TEST
SPECIFICATION (Version 5)
THIS DOCUMENT IS A PROPERTY OF MAPNA AND IT MUST NOT BE COPIED
NOR TRANSFERRED TO A THIRD PARTY WITHOUT PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
IN-HOUSE REVISIONS DOCUMENT REVISIONS

D D
C C
B B
Acc. to MAPNA Nezama 27.07.2008
A A F-Azizi 27.07.2008 Sarjami 27.07.2008
Letter 3250-5303 badi
Nezama Nezama 20.04.2008
0 The first issued F-Azizi 20.04.2008
badi
20.04.2008 Sarjami 20.04.2008 0 The first issued F-Azizi 20.04.2008 badi Sarjami 20.04.2008
Rev. DESCRIPTION PREP. DATE CHKD. DATE APPR. DATE Rev. DESCRIPTION PREP. DATE CHKD. DATE APPR. DATE
Doc. No.: TSM/KO-00/TG-T-30-TG0-321 Rev. A
Contract No.: File No.:

MAPNA-TS Co. Tuga NO.: KO-QI-02-99999-320 SE Code : MF Code : --- Page 1 of 91
OWNER: CONSULTANT:
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OWNER: CONSULTANT:
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL 4
2. TEST INSTRUMENTATION 14
3. NOMINAL POWER OUTPUT 17
4. MEAN TURBINE INLET TEMPERATURE 19
5. TURBINE EXHAUST GAS MASS FLOW RATE 21
6. MEAN TURBINE EXHAUST TEMPERATURE 25
7. NOMINAL EFFICIENCY 22
8. OUTLET- INLET PRESSURE LOSS 27
ATTACHMENT 'A': CORRECTION CURVES LIST

ATTACHMENT 'B': INSTRUMENT LIST FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS
ATTACHMENT 'C': SCHEME OF MEASURING POINTS
ATTACHMENT 'D': MEASURING POINTS LOCATIONS
ATTACHMENT 'E': LOG SHEET FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS
ATTACHMENT 'F': TOLERANCES FOR FLUE GAS MASS FLOW RATE AND
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE
ATTACHMENT 'G': EMISSIONS MEASUREMENTS
ATTACHMENT 'H': NOISE MEASUREMENTS
APPENDIX ‘A’: INDIRECT DETERMINATION OF MASS FLOW AND
TURBINE INLET TEMPERATURE FOR SINGLE-SHAFT GAS TURBINES
(SIEMENS TECHNICAL REPORT WM-TG2/93 FEB. 1993)

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1 GENERAL
1.0 Definitions In this document the following definitions shall apply:
CONSORTIUM: TUGA, PARS GENERATOR as supplier of Gas Turbine-Generator Units.

TUGA will be the responsible of the OPEN CYCLE PERFORMANCE Test.
CUSTOMER: MAPNA
EMPLOYER: IRAN POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION COMPANY I.P.D.C.
1.1 Objective of the Test

The specific Gas Turbine-Generator Unit Performance Tests will be performed for the purpose to
demonstrate that the Contract Performance Guarantee figures of the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit are
achieved under the specified operating conditions and specified fuel gas.
The Performance Test shall be carried-out on each Gas Turbine-Generator Unit, using natural gas and
fuel oil.
1.1.1 Guaranteed Performance
The guaranteed and expected performance data, referred to the GT Generator Unit operating at ISO
conditions for V94.2.5, are given at Sect.1.4
1.2 Specified reference conditions
• Ambient pressure 1013 mbara

• Ambient temperature 15°C
• Ambient relative humidity 60%
• Voltage at generator terminals kV 15.75
• Frequency Hz 50
• Power factor cos ϕ = 0.8
• GT - Generator Unit speed of rotation 3000 rpm
1.3 Specified fuel
1.3.1 Natural Gas
Fuel gas analysis:

%Mol
Methane (CH4) 100
Lower Heat Value 50035 kJ/kg

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.3.2 Fuel Oil
%Wt
Carbon (C) 86.4
Hydrogen (H) 13.4
Sulphur (S) 0.2
Oxygen (O) 0
Lower Heat Value 42600 kJ/kg
1.4 Guarantees
1.4.1 Performance guarantees
Power
Inlet Exhaust Efficiency at Heat Rate at
output at
pressure pressure generator generator
Fuel Type LOAD generator
losses losses terminals terminals
terminals
[mbar] [mbar] [%] [kJ/kWhr]
[kW]
10 7.5 159172.4 34.11 10554.1
Base Load
0 0 162186.4 34.42 10459.0
Natural Gas
10 7.5 167030.0 34.28 10501.8
Peak Load
0 0 170159.4 34.58 10410.6
10 7.5 155542.8 33.82 10644.6
Base Load
0 0 158512.4 34.13 10547.9
Fuel Oil
Peak Load 10 7.5 163216.2 34.00 10588.2
The following definition must be applied:
a.) The Nominal Power Output of gas turbine generator is the rated measured power at Generator
Terminal minus the Excitation Losses and comsumption at the rated power factor.
b.) The Nominal Efficiency of gas turbine generator is the rated efficiency related to the Rated Gas
turbine generator Power Output and based on the Fuel LHV (low heating value).
Note : The Guarantee are valid for new and clean machine ; after the first firing the degradation curve in
the Attachment ‘A’ must be applied .
1.4.2 Emissions Guarantees
Bacharach Number
NOX[ppm] CO[ppm]
(Smoke Density acc.
at 15%O2 at 15%O2
ASTMD 2156)
Nat. Gas F.Oil Nat. Gas F. Oil Nat. Gas F. Oil
Base load 25 405 10 10 / 1
Peak Load 25 460 / / / 1

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.4.3 Noise Guarantee
The sound pressure level of 85Db (A) at 1 (m) form the gas turbine enclosure , at 1 (m) of the
air intake system and 1 (m) from the exhaust system .
1.5 Tolerances and correction
The Performance marked by an asterisk (*) are considered as guaranteed data without tolerance, all
the other value are expected .
The correction Factors to be applied in case that the Test conditions and the test fuel gas
characteristics deviate from the specified site reference conditions and specified site fuel gas, are
mentioned in sect. 1.16.2 of this Specification
1.6 Reference Documents and Codes
1.6.1 Contract Number :GT3-1402-BA/TF

1.6.2 Schedule of Technical Information Part A
–Performance Data section 410 T – Gas turbine and Generator auxiliary .
1.6.3 ISO 2314 - 1989 Gas .Turbine Acceptance tests
1.7 Test responsibilities

Test direction will be assigned to a qualified engineer appointed by TUGA (Field Test Coordinator)
and will be responsible of the following :
1. To establish when the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit will be ready for the Tests
2. To issue the planning of the Tests
3. To organize a testing team satisfactory to all parties.
4. To verify all necessary testing instruments (see Attachment ‘C’) are in place and check the
Correct installation, calibration and operation of these instruments
5. Personnel to provide technical direction for the installation and removal of the temporary
instruments required for the tests.
6. To direct the operation of the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit during the Tests
7. Personnel to direct the running of the test.
8. To instruct assigned personnel to instrument reading ( if necessary)
9. Preparation of a plant set-up checks off list and log sheets for recording of the data.
10. To perform the Tests in accordance with the procedures described in this document
11. To collect all Test Data.
12. Isolate the plant to avoid external interference’s, if any, and put in service the electrical equipments
necessary to the safe operation of the plant.
The evaluation of test quality will be agreed upon by the Test Coordinator and the Employer .
TUGA will be responsible to perform calculations to determine test results on the basis of the
collected test data, and issue the final Test Report.
1.8 Preliminary checks

Prior to start the final acceptance tests, the Unit (Gas Turbine, Electrical Generator, Auxiliaries, etc.)
will be checked with accurate inspection for cleanliness and reliability, as well as for the level of skill
of the personnel reading the test data.
Particularly, the following shall be checked:
• Conduct a survey of all plant identifying any deficiencies in equipment and for procedures which
might affect the performance test.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
• The gas turbine compressor blades must be visually inspected and cleaned.
• Gas turbine compressor inlet guide vane angle has been verified by measurement and adjusted to
control specifications if necessary.
• The Gas Turbine OTC has been set to approx. Base load value.
• All the components are thoroughly clean and ready for test.
• All mechanical and electric equipments are efficient and in satisfactory operating conditions.
• An effective indication and intercom system is available to indicate the starting and the end of the
tests and the various pauses wherein the readings of the different instruments are to be taken.
• A proper illumination system is available.
• A proper number of personnel, of suitable skill, are available for the reading and for the correct use
of the instruments.
• A preliminary and recent fuel analysis (with fuel density and LHV) is available to ensure that the fuel
is substantially as intended.
• A proper access, lighting and shelter, as required for all test point locations.
• All equipment shall be within the normal operating parameters.
1.9 Gas Turbine adjustment to Base Load (for information only )

The combustion turbine is controlled using an outlet temperature corrected (OTC), which remains
constant for all ambient (compressor inlet) temperatures.
This value is based on the arithmetical average of the temperatures measured at the turbine outlet and
corrected with compressor inlet temperature and rotating speed.
OTC = OTavg - f ( tCI )* tCI - K2 (1- N/No)

where :
- all temperatures are in degC
- f ( tCI ) = ( K1 + K3 * tCI )
- K1, K2, K3 are coefficients (see GT operating manual)
K1 = 0.37; k2 = 200 (°C) ; K3 = 0.007 ( 1/°C)
- OTavg is the average of turbine outlet temperatures
- tCI is the compressor inlet temperature.
- N is the actual speed
- No is the nominal speed
The preliminary setting of OTC value for Base Load will be carried-out operating the Gas at the power
output indicated on the setting curves at the current ambient conditions.
The Setting of OTC will be optimized during the GT Performance Tests, where the use of special test
instrumentation and precise fuel gas analysis allow to perform a more accurate calculation of GT
performance figures and ISO Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT)

Once the OTC has been determined and implemented into the control system, this value will be
maintained unchanged but has to be checked and/or readjusted after longer operating periods,
overhauls, burner substitution, other operating modes, etc. In this way the combustion turbine will run
at its optimum design ISO-TIT and subsequently at full power.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.10 Test parameters

During the Performance Tests the following parameters shall be measured:
(see Attachments ‘B’ - ‘C’)
• Barometric pressure [mbar]

• Ambient air temperature [°C]
• Ambient air relative humidity [%]
• Fuel Gas flow to GT [m3/sec]
• Fuel Gas supply pressure [bar]
• Fuel Gas supply temperature [°C]
• Volume fuel oil flow supply [l/sec]
• Volume fuel oil flow return [l/sec]
• Fuel oil supply temperature [°C]
• Fuel oil return temperature [°C]
• Power output at Gas Turbine Generator Terminals [kW]
• Power factor at Gas Turbine Generator Terminals ----
• Generator Excitation current [A]
• Compressor inlet pressure [bar]
• Compressor outlet pressure [bar]
• Compressor inlet temperature [°C]
• Compressor outlet temperature [°C]
• Turbine exhaust flue gas pressure [mbar]
• Turbine exhaust flue gas temperature [°C]
• Combustion chamber differential pressure ( left, right ) [bar]
• Analysis of gaseous fuel [mol %]
• Analysis of fuel oil [wt %]
• GT - Generator Unit Speed of rotation / frequency [rpm/ Hz]
The fuel gas (fuel oil) shall be sampled and the Low Heat Value, as well as the composition, shall be
tested in qualified laboratories (see Sect. 2.2.7).
1.11 Preliminary tests and adjustments

Preliminary run tests shall be performed, under TUGA’s direction, for the purpose of:
a) Determining whether the Gas Turbine and associated plants are in a condition suitable for
conducting a Performance Test.
b) Checking instrumentation, Data Acquisition System and equipment status
c) Instructing personnel involved with the test and plant isolation.
The Gas Turbine outlet temperature OTC will be set according to the results of prelim in. Tests
1.12 Period of steady operation

An adequate period of steady operation under the specified Load, is necessary before starting the tests.
The GT Unit is considered in a thermal steady state when it has been running for approx. two hours
with the same fuel and the same load specified for the Performance Tests (see Sect. 1.17).
1.13 Test period duration
The duration of each test shall be 60 minutes.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.14 Frequency of readings

Measurements and readings shall be taken, during the test period, every 5 minutes except for:
• Every parameter recorded by Data Acquisition System once a minute

• Barometric pressure (if measured by analogic barometer) every 10 minutes
• Ambient air relative humidity (if measured by dry/wet bulb thermom.) every 10 minutes
• Gaseous fuel sampling every 30 minutes
• Fuel oil sampling on-line continuous
To achieve an accurate averaging of the measured data, the parties to the test can agree to increase ,if
possible, the readings frequency, based on the specific ambient and operating conditions.
1.15 Validation of the tests
Validation of test runs will be mutually agreed to by the Test Coordinator and the Employer
representatives. Test validation shall be based upon any condition invalidating test data, including as the
minimum:
1. GT - Generator Unit load rejection, originated by external / internal causes.
2. Failure of test equipment without redundancy.
3. Deviations of variables beyond the values specified in TABLE 1, Sect. 1.17.
4. Anti-icing in operation
1.16 Computation of results
1.16.1 Analysis of data

The analysis of data shall be made in accordance with this specification.
For each test the average of the collected data and the performance shall be calculated.
For the purpose to compare test and guaranteed values, the average of the official test results
shall be used.
The average of the collected data will be computed as a simple arithmetic average for all the
measured values, with the exception of differential pressures (flow measurements) which will be
determined by means of the square of the average of the square root of each valid reading.
1.16.2 Conversion of Test measurements and results to the specified

Reference conditions
Every effort shall be made to run the Acceptance Tests as close as possible to the specified
reference conditions (see Sect. 1.2), and using a fuel gas whose analysis and Low Heat Value
(LHV) are close as possible to the specified ones (see Sect. 1.3).
In case that the operating conditions and fuel gas parameters are different from the above
mentioned specified values, the correction Factors stated in sect. 3 ÷ 7 of this document must
be applied, in order to convert the test measurements and results to the expected performance at
specified reference conditions and specified fuel gas.
1.16.3 Preliminary results

At the end of each test, on site, a calculation to obtain preliminary results will be carried out
within 24 hours. This calculation involves an analysis of the test data with the scope of finding
out observer errors, instrument errors or failures and other events causing the repetition of the
test.
1.16.4 Reduction of the test data

All readings shall be corrected for instrument calibration.
See the following section for an example of the method for measurement conversion.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
The arithmetic average pressure readings shall be corrected for water legs, zero correction, and
pressure and ambient temperature where necessary. Only the corrected and validated readings
shall be used for calculation of the "Test results".
1.16.5 Example of the method of measurement data conversion

Following pages describe the example of the methods to convert measurements read by Data
Acquisition System (D.A.S.), data are taken from the Performance Tests of an TUGA
Combined Cycle.
As an example of the method of measurement conversion let’ s take into consideration the first
reading of the test # 1. The method is applied identically and automatically by
D.A.S. for each of the n readings taken every test period.
The following four type of measurements are shown:
1. Pressure transducer
2. Resistance Thermometer Device (RTD)
3. Thermocouple
4. Electrical transducer
• Example for pressure measurment (P15)
Primary unit (pressure transducer output):
10.941 mA Conversion coefficients:
Pressure transducer (0-160 bar)

Type TRAFAG 8842.05 n°
9726400 [Conversion Calibration
Table 78]
a = -3.982646E+01
b = +9.964881E+00
c = +7.284507E-04
Engineering unit conversion:

P15 = (a* mA2 + b* mA + c) + (pbaro + ρH20* gLOC* w.l.* 1E-5)* Cf =
= (-3.982646E+01* 10.941 2 +9.964881E+00 * 10.941 + 7.284507E-03) + + (0.98711 + 992.3*
9.79141* (+1.00)* 1E-5)* 1.0 = 70.371 bar
Where:
a, b , c = slope of the transducer calibration curve

mA = transducer reading
ρbaro = barometric pressure : 0.98711 bar
ρH20 = standard water density at 40 °C : 992.3 kgm/m3
gLOC = local gravity (Lat. 28 °. Elev. 99 m) : 9.79141 m/s2

w.l. = water leg : + 1.00 m
Cf = Conversion factor: bar to bar : 1
The same procedure is used for differential pressure conversion where water legs and the
barometric correction are zero.
• Condensate extraction pump section temperature (Tcond1) Primary unit (RTD’s output):
117.590 ohm Conversion coefficients:

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
RTD100 n°256-
30.09/26
Conversion
[Calibration Table
26]
R(0) = +
9.997300E+01
a = + 3.913530E-
03
b = - 5.815600E-
07

Tcond1 =
= [ - a + (a2 – 4 * b * ( 1- (ohm / R(0)))0.5] / (2 * b)
= [ -(3.913530E-03) + ((3.913530E-03)2 +
- (4 * (-5.815600E-07) * (1 – (117.590 / 9.997300E+01)))0.5 ] / ( 2 * (-5.815600E-07))
= 45.333° C
Where :
a , b , c Conversion coefficients of the calibration curve
ohm transducer (RTD)reading
• Example for temperature measurement (T15)

Primary unit (TcJ’s output) : 29.856 mV
Conversion coefficients:
TcJ n°211-29.09/05 Conversion* Standard TcJ Standard TcJ
[Calibration Table 64] mV=f(T) T=f(mV)
[Conversion Table] [Conversion Table]
c0 = 3.13007776E-03 a0 = 0 d0 = 0
c1 = 5.06369524E-02 a1 = 5.03811878E-02 d1 = 1.978425000E+01
c2 = 2.99984857E-05 a2 = 3.04758369E-05 d2 = -2.001204000E-01
d3 = 1.036969000E-02
d4 = -2.549687000E-04
d5 = 3.585153000E-06
* coefficients relevant to the d6 = -5.344285000E-08

CEI EN 60584-1 d7 = 5.099890000E-10

T15 (Standard) = (d0 + d1 * mV + d2 * mV2 + d3 * mV3 + d4 * mV4 + d5 * mV5 + d6 * mV6 + d7
* mV7) =0 + 1.978425000E+01 * 29.856 + (-2.001204000E-01) * 29.8562
+1.036969000E-02 * 29.8563 + (-2.549687000E-04) * 29.8564 + 3.585153000E-

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
06 * 29.8565 + (-5.344285000E-08) * 29.8566 + 5.099890000E-10 * 29.8567=

543.658 °C
diff mV = [(c0 - a0) + (c1 - a1) * T15s + (c2 – a2) * T15s2 = (3.13007776E-0 – 0) +
(5.06369524E-02 - 5.03811878E-02) * 29.856 + (2.99984857E-05 - 3.04758369E-05)
* 29.8562 = 0.00109076 mV
mV1 =mV + diff mV = 29.856 - 0.00109076 = 29.8549 mV
T15 = (d0 + d1 * mV1 + d2 * mV12 + d3 * mV13 + d4 * mV14 + d5 * mV15 + d6 * mV16 +

d7 * mV17) = 0 + 1.978425000E+01 * 29.8549 + (-2.001204000E-01) * 29.85492 +
1.036969000E-02 * 29.85493 + (-2.549687000E-04) * 29.85494 + 3.585153000E-
06 * 29.85495 + (-5.344285000E-08) * 29.85496 + 5.099890000E -10* 29.854967
= 543.64 °C
Where :
d0 , d1 , d2 , d3 , d4 , d5, d6 , d7 Conversion coefficients of the standard curve TcJ
a0 , a1 , a2 Conversion coefficients [mV=f(T)] with standard curve TcJ
c0 , c1 , c2 Conversion coefficients [mV=f(T)] calibration certificate
mV transducer(TcJ) reading
mV1 corrected reading
• Example for Turbine Auxiliary power consumption (GTP_aux)
Primary unit (wattmeter transducer output) : 0.144596 V
Conversion coefficients:
Wattmeter transducer (0-300 watt)
n° PW181
[Conversion Calibration Table
115]
a = 2.622637E+00 b =
2.457216E+04
c = -3.837446E+01
due to the ratio for the P.T.(6000:110) , C.T.(1500:1) and power transducer (300w:1volt).

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
Engineering unit conversion :
Paux = (a + b * volt + c * volt2 ) = 2.622637E+00 + 2.457216E+04 * 0.144596 -

3.837446E+01 * 0.1445962 = 3550.1 kW
Where:
a,b,c Conversion coefficients of the calibration curve
1.16.6 Official Test Report

The Test results will be distributed between all parties immediately after the Performance Test
completion.
TUGA will supply to the Employer , within 30 working days after the Performance Tests
completion ( that is when ultimate official analysis of fuel and the post-test calibration, if any,
of the instruments are available), the Final official Test Report, including all the results and
relevant information concerning the test evaluation.
1.17 Permissible deviation of variables

Before starting a test run, the plant shall be operated as long as necessary (approx. 2 hours) to establish
steady state conditions.
Steady state is achieved when the key parameters associated with the objectives have been stabilized.
Stability will be achieved when, prior to the test run and for the test run duration, the variation of any
parameter shall not deviate from the reported test average, by more than the amount specified in the
following table:
• Electric output at Generator Terminals ± 1 %

• Power factor ± 2 %
• GT- Generator Unit Speed of rotation ± 1 %
• Low Heat value of fuel gas ± 1 %
• Low Heat value of fuel oil ± 1 %
• Temperature of fuel gas, as supplied to the plant ± 3 °C
• Temperature of fuel oil, as supplied to the plant ± 2 °C
• Fuel gas pressure ± 1 %
• Ambient temperature ± 2 °C
• Barometric pressure ± 0.5 %
• Flue gas exhaust absolute pressure ± 1 %
• Turbine exhaust temperature ± 2 °C
TABLE 1
In case that, during the test run, the key parameters will vary beyond the permissible limits prescribed
in the TABLE 1, the test run can be rejected. However, if the fluctuation is limited in time and
amplitude, it can be agreed between the parties to discarge those readings showing excessive
deviations, and to accept the rest.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
2 TEST INSTRUMENTATION
2.1 General
Test instrumentation data and measuring point locations are shown in:
• Attachment 'B’ - Instrument list for Gas Turbine Performance Tests
• Attachment 'C’ - Measuring point diagram for Gas Turbine Performance Tests
The instruments that shall be employed to measure the values entering directly into the Performance
Tests shall have the class of accuracy required by the applicable Test Codes and Contract
Requirements.
It is TUGA‘s responsibility to ensure and prove that all testing equipment, consisting of temporary test
instrumentation, is properly calibrated before the starting of Performance Tests.
It is TUGA‘s responsibility to provide and install the required temporary test instrumentation marked
(*) in Attachment 'B’, which shall be calibrated before starting of Performance Tests in a qualified
institute or, only in the case of pressure gages, by pressure calibrator on site. These instruments shall
be supplied with the related certificates (calibration curves).
The plant instruments used to measure performance test parameters shall be calibrated by means of
proper certified secondary field standard equipments such as dead-weight testers, calibrators, etc.
It is also TUGA‘s responsibility to remove the temporary test instrumentation upon completion of the
Tests and to reinstall the Plant permanent instruments if they have been removed for the purpose.
For responsibilities on the fuel sampling, see Sect. 2.2.7
Usually, Test data shall be collected by manual log sheets, by a special centralized Data Acquisition
System - DAS (see Sect. 2.2.6) and by the plant DCS ( Hard copy from DCS printouts shall be tailored
to the requirements of Performance Tests ).
The measurements that could not be recorded on the DAS, will be manually recorded by reading
appointees; the preparation of the log sheets for collecting such data shall consider the layout of the
plant and location of instruments connection, in order to concentrate as much as possible the station
reading, thus minimizing the personnel appointed to such task.
A specimen of these log sheets is shown in Attachment 'E’. In the same attachment a test report sheet
specimen is shown: on this sheet shall be recorded any remarkable events that could happen during the
test.
2.2 Special Test Instrumentation

In this section a brief description of the special test instruments, that shall be used during Performance
tests, is provided.
2.2.1 Pressure Measurement

Pressure of gaseous fuel at flow-meter, of air at compressor inlet and outlet and of flue gas at
turbine exhaust shall be measured by means of calibrated pressure transducers. For
instruments operating above atmospheric pressure, the sensing line shall be blown down
before the beginning of the test to establish the water leg.
Barometric pressure shall be measured by mean of calibrated electronic digital barometer.
2.2.2 Temperature Measurement

Temperatures measured with temporary installed instruments and in the range above 250°C
shall be normally measured by means of thermocouples, while temperatures that shall not
exceed this figure shall be measured by means of resistance thermometer detectors (RTD’s).

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
The ambient air Temperature will be measured using a set of ( 8, max 12 ) resistance
thermometer detectors (RTD’s) installed in the filter house and uniformly placed therein ; the
temperatures measured by the station RTD’s installed in the air intake plenum at compressor
inlet, will be recorded for comparison purpose.
Gaseous fuel temperature at flow meter shall be measured by means of calibrated PT100
resistance thermometer device read by the four-wire measurement method.
Ambient Humidity will be measured by a calibrated electronic hygrometer.
2.2.3 Mean flue gas Temperature at Turbine exhaust

The mean flue gas exhaust temperature is computed as the arithmetical average of the gas
temperatures measured by 10 calibrated thermocouples installed in the final section of the gas
exhaust duct. All the temperature measuring points are located at a fixed distance from the
internal duct wall (1200 mm approx.)
2.2.4 Flow measurement
2.2.4.1 Fuel gas flow measurement

The fuel gas volumetric flow rate to Gas Turbine burners shall be measured by means of
a pre-calibrated orifice type flow meter ( thin plate orifice primary flow element )
supplied by the TUGA as a part of temporary installed Test instrumentation (it will be
installed immediately before the Performance Tests).
The primary flow element shall be calibrated prior the test (together with inlet/outlet pipe
spools ) in an international qualified laboratory.
The fuel gas mass flow rate is calculated using the measured differential pressure across
the primary flow element, measured fuel gas temperature and measured upstream fuel gas
pressure.
Reference standard for manufacture: BS 1042, sect.1.1 – 1981

(equivalent to ISO 5167.1 - 1980 )
Accuracy of the measurement: ±0.5%
(Inclusive of pressure and temperature measurement)
2.2.4.2 Fuel oil flow measurement

The fuel oil volumetric flow rate to Gas Turbine burners shall be measured by means of
pre-calibrated flow meters, turbine type, supplied by the TUGA for permanent
installation in the Station ( one on Supply line and the other one on Return line ), and
calibrated frequency counters.
The measured frequency of the flow meter impulses is converted to volumetric flow rate
using the calibration test certificate for each flow meter, which gives the proper K-factor
( pulses/ liter ).
The fuel oil mass flow rate is calculated using the measured volumetric flow rate and
actual density; the actual density is calculated by interpolation between the measured
densities at 15 °C, 30 °C and 45 °C.
Accuracy of the measurement : ±0.5%

(inclusive of actual density measurement)

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
2.2.5 Electrical measurement

The electrical power at Gas Turbine Generator terminals shall be measured by a calibrated
0.1 class Digital Power Analyzer, type Norma or equivalent.
The digital power Analyzer will be connected to the station 0.2 accuracy class PT’s (Voltage
metering transformers) and CT’s (Current metering transformers ),for the scope also of
current and voltage measurement for each phase.
Both digital Power Analyzer and measurement Transformers will be supplied with relevant
calibration certificates.
For the measurement of Generator excitation Current (DC side ), it will be used a digital
current transducer ( which is part of the temporary test instrumentation).
The calibration of the following electrical instruments will be checked after Performance Test
completion:
-Digital Power Analyzer.
-Current transducer for excitation current measurement.
2.2.6 Data Acquisition System

A special computer controlled digital Data Acquisition System, temporarily supplied for the
test duration on loan basis by TUGA , shall be used to collect the signals from transmitters,
thermoelements and power analyzers. The system shall automatically convert the electrical
signals from the fields to engineering units taking into account the calibration curves, water
legs, zero shift and cold junction compensation if necessary.
For each test run the Data Acquisition System will produce test tables and test data. At the
end of each test run, the test tables and data sheets will be jointly signed by all the
Consortium Test Rapresentatives and Customer rapresentative, reproduced and distributed to
the parties. The signature will mean agreement on accuracy and completeness of recorded
data.
2.2.7 Fuel Sampling and Analysis
2.2.7.1 Fuel gas Sampling and Analysis

The equipments necessary to carry out the fuel gas sampling (bottles, pressure reducing
station, etc.) will be supplied by TUGA .
At least one natural gas sampling for each performed test shall be collected with proper
bottles. The method of sampling shall be in accordance with the Standard Method
procedure in ASME PTC 3.3 and it shall be done filling the bottles, at different times by
mean of a proper pressure reducing station, with the same quantity of natural gas in order
to obtain an averaged (‘mixed’) sample of the gas fired during the test.
For each test 4 samples will be collected: one for the Official Laboratory, one for the
Consortium , one for the Customer; the last sample shall be kept as reserve.
The analysis of the test fuel gas samples shall be performed by a qualified independent
Laboratory, internationally approved, whose choice shall be agreed upon by the Test
Coordinator and the Customer.
The analysis of the gaseous fuel shall evaluate at least the following components
(determined by a gas chromatograph) and parameters:
− Methane − Carbon Dioxide

− Ethane − Nitrogen
− Propane − Helium
− n-Butane
− i-Butane
− n-Pentane
− i-Pentane − High Heating Value (HHV)

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
− Hexane − Low Heating Value (LHV)

− Heptanes − Standard density and Normal density
Based on the gas sample analysis and chemical/ physical properties of each component,
the High and Low Heating Values and the gas density shall be calculated in accordance
with commonly used standards ASTM D3588-91 , ISO 6976-1996 , DIN 1871-1980 and
DIN 51850-1980 ( negligible differences between these std.)
2.2.7.2 Fuel oil Sampling and Analysis

The equipments necessary to carry out the fuel oil sampling ( bottles, fittings , etc.) will
be supplied by the TUGA . One average sample per test period of Performance Test shall
be collected with proper bottles. The method of sampling shall be in accordance with the
Standard Method procedure in ASME PTC 3.1.
The on-line continuous sampling method will be used; the total sample will be collected
in a proper drum. Samples will be taken from the total sample after the drum is
thoroughly mixed immediately after the test.
For each test 4 samples will be collected: one for the Official Laboratory, one for the
Consortium , one for the Employer; the last sample shall be kept as reserve. The analysis
of the test fuel oil samples shall be performed by a qualified independent Laboratory
internationally approved.
The analysis of the fuel oil shall evaluate at least the following components and
Parameters:
−Carbon
−Hydrogen
−Oxygen
−Sulphur
−Kinematics viscosity @ 100 °F (cSt)
−Nytrogen
−Water
−Ash
−Density at 15 °C, 30 °C, 45°C
−Low Heating Value (LHV)
−High Heating Value (HHV)
3 NOMINAL POWER OUTPUT
3.1 General
• The Nominal Electrical Power Output at Generator terminals (PGTNom..) is defined as the rated
active power measured at the Generator terminals, when the Gas Turbine is operating at the specified
Load reduced by the excitation loss and consumption .
3.2 Guarantees
The guaranteed Nominal Electrical Power Output at Generator terminals, at Specified Load, with
specified reference conditions and specified fuel gas is shown at section 1.4.1
3.3 Measurements & Evaluations

The necessary measurements for test calculation are ( see Attachment 'C’ ) :
• Electrical power output at Generator terminals
• Current at Generator terminals
• Voltage at Generator terminals
• Generator Excitation Current
• Barometric Pressure

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
• Ambient air Temperature

• Ambient relative Humidity
• Compressor inlet Temperature
• Fuel Gas Low Heat Value (LHV)
• Fuel Oil Low Heat Value (LHV)
• Fuel Gas composition
• Fuel Oil composition
• Turbine exhaust flue gas pressure
3.4 Calculations
3.4.1 Nominal Electrical Power Output at Generator terminals
PGT Nom = PGT Meas. - Pexc
3.4.2 Corrected Nominal Electrical Power Output

The Nominal Power Output at Generator terminals at the Specified Load, shall be corrected
to specified conditions and specified fuel gas , applying the correction factors calculated
with the correction curves shown in Attachment 'B', relevant to GT performance:
PGT Nom corr = PGT Nom / ( P*G1 * P*G3 * P*G4 * P*G5 * P*G6 * P*G7 * P*G10 * P*G11 )
The correction factors shall be calculated using the following correction curves (see
Attachment 'A'):
• P*G1 Effect of ambient Pressure (CURVE PG1 Attachment A )
• P*G3 Effect of Inlet &Outlet Pressure loss (CURVE PG3 Attachment A )
• P*G4 Effect of fuel Gas C/H Ratio and (LHV) (CURVE PG4 Attachment A )
Low Heat Value
• P*G5 Effect of ambient relative Humidity (CURVE PG5 Attachment A )
•P*G6 Effect of Speed on Power Output (CURVE PG6 Attachment A )
at constant Turbine Inlet Temperature
• P*G7 Effect of air ambient Temperature on (CURVE PG7 Attachment A )
Power Output at Base Load
• P*G10 Effect of Aging on Power Output (CURVE PG10 Attachment A )
• P*G11 Effect of Power Factor on Generator Efficiency / Losses
Notes:
− In all cases where the specified reference conditions of guarantee are different from the
reference conditions of the correction curves (ISO air conditions at compressor inlet), the
correction factors P*G are computed as combined correction factors, defined as follows :
P*G = P*G Meas / P*G Guar , where

P*G Meas is the correction factor under Test conditions
P*G Guar is the correction factor at specified reference conditions of guarantee
If guarantee spec. reference conditions = reference conditions for correction curves P*G Guar = 1

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
The calculated Power output at Generator terminals PGT Nom corr shall be compared with the
Guaranteed value in this way :
PGT Nom corr ≥ PGT
4 MEAN TURBINE INLET TEMPERATURE
4.1 General
The Mean Turbine Inlet Temperature is the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the turbine as defined
in clause 8.6 of ISO 2314-1989, when the Gas Turbine is operating at the specified load
4.2 Performance
The expected Mean Turbine Inlet Temperature at specified reference conditions and specified gas, is
as follows :
at Base Load 1060 ± 10 °C
4.3 Measurements& Evaluations

The necessary measurements for test calculations are (see Attachment 'B’ ) :
• Ambient air relative Humidity
• Electrical Power output at Generator terminals
• Compressor outlet Temperature
• Compressor inlet Pressure
• Compressor outlet Pressure
• Combustion chamber differential Pressure ( left, right )
• Fuel mass Flow
• Fuel Temperature
• Fuel gas Low Heat Value (LHV)
• Volume fuel oil flow supply
• Volume fuel oil flow return
• Fuel oil supply temperature
• Fuel oil return temperature
• Fuel oil Low Heat Value ( LHV ) and composition
• Turbine exhaust flue gas Temperature
• Turbine exhaust flue gas Pressure
4.4 Calculations
4.4.1 Mean Turbine Inlet Temperature
The method to evaluate the Turbine exhaust gas mass flow rate and the mean Turbine Inlet
Temperature is described in detail in Appendix ‘A’ and shall follow the guidelines of ISO
2314-1989 “Gas turbines - Acceptance tests”.
Essentially, using the energy balance equation over the whole control volume and the mass
flow balance it is possible to calculate the air mass flow at compressor inlet and the flue gas
mass flow at turbine exhaust. Then, using the combustion chamber heat balance equation ( or
the turbine output balance equation ) it is possible to calculate the turbine inlet temperature (
so called “ISO” Turbine inlet temperature ).
The calculation formulae are :

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
The temperature tTI depends on hTI and the composition on the flue gas.
The degree of accuracy of the calculation method depends on the non-accuracies in the
measured values on which it is based.
Designations
hF (kJ/kg) specific enthalpy of the fuel at temperature t F (°C) ;

h F = cp F * t F
Approximately, for Standard gas fuel ( CH4 - Methane ) a specific heat of 2.2
kJ/kg°K h F,o (kJ/kg) specific enthalpy of the fuel at temperature t F,o ( 15 °C )
h F - h F,o (kJ/kg) sensible heat of the fuel above 15 °C

Approximately, h F - h F,o = cp F * ( t F - t F,o )
h TI (kJ/kg) specific enthalpy of the flue gas at temperature tTI

(°C).This enthalpy depends not only on the gas temperature, but
also on the flue gas composition. This again depends on the type
of fuel and the load of the gas Turbine.
h TII (kJ/kg) specific enthalpy of the flue gas at temperature

tTII (°C).This enthalpy depends not only on the gas
temperature, but also on the flue gas composition. This again
depends on the type of fuel and the load of the gas Turbine.
LHV (kJ/kg) fuel Lower Heat Value at 15 °C ( obtained from fuel

analys ),otherwise named fuel Net specific Energy.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
h VI (kJ/kg) specific enthalpy of air at compressor intake at the

measured temperature t VI
h VII (kJ/kg) specific enthalpy of air at compressor discharge at the

measured temperature t VII
mF (kg / s) measured mass flow rate of the fuel entering the

combustion chamber
m TI (kg / s) mass flow rate of the flue gas at turbine inlet
m TII (kg / s) mass flow rate of the flue gas at turbine exhaust
m VI (kg / s) mass flow rate of compressor intake air
P GTM (kW) “measured” power output at generator terminals
P GT Nom = P GTM - PEXC (kW) “Nom” power output at generator terminals
P MV (kW) GT mechanical losses ( thrust and journal bearings )
P GENV (kW) generator losses
t TI ( °C ) temperature of the flue gas at turbine inlet
t TII ( °C ) temperature of the flue gas at turbine exhaust
tF ( °C ) temperature of the fuel entering the combustion chamber
η GEN generator efficiency
η CBC combustion chamber efficiency
The following measuring data are required :

LHV, m F, P GTM , t F, t TII, t VI, tVII, P AUX
The following parameters are given ( not measured ):
h F,o , P MV, η CBC ,η GEN
P MV is based on design calculations and test bed measurements
For the Gas Turbine model of the Job, P MV = 319 kW ; η CBC = 0.998
5 TURBINE EXHAUST GAS MASS FLOW RATE
5.1 General
The Turbine Exhaust gas mass flow rate is the mass flow rate of the flue gas leaving the turbine as
defined in clause 8.5.2 of ISO 2314-1989, when the Gas Turbine is operating at the specified load .

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
5.2 Measurements& Evaluations

The necessary measurements for test calculations are (see Attachment 'B’ ) :
• Electrical Power output at Generator terminals
• Compressor outlet Temperature
• Compressor inlet Pressure
• Compressor outlet Pressure
• Combustion chamber differential Pressure ( left, right )
• Volume fuel gas Flow
• Fuel Temperature
• Fuel gas Low Heat Value (LHV)
• Volume fuel oil flow supply
• Volume fuel oil flow return
• Fuel oil supply temperature
• Fuel oil return temperature
• Fuel oil Low Heat Value ( LHV ) and composition
• Turbine exhaust flue gas Pressure
5.3 Calculations
5.3.1 Turbine Exhaust Gas Mass Flow Rate
The method to evaluate the Turbine exhaust gas mass flow rate and the mean Turbine Inlet
Temperature is described in detail in Appendix ‘A’ and shall follow the guidelines of ISO 2314-
1989 “Gas turbines - Acceptance tests”.
Essentially, using the energy balance equation over the whole control volume and the mass
flow balance it is possible to calculate the air mass flow at compressor inlet and the flue gas
mass flow at turbine exhaust.
For the calculation formula see sect. 4.4.1
The degree of accuracy of the calculation method depends on the non-accuracies in the
measured values on which it is based.
5.3.2 Corrected Turbine Exhaust Gas Mass Flow Rate

The Turbine Exhaust gas mass flow rate shall be corrected to specified conditions applying the
correction factors calculated using the correction curves shown in Attachment 'A‘:
mTIIcorr. = mTII / (m*G1 * m*G7 )
The correction factors shall be calculated using the following correction curves (see Attachment 'A'):
• m*G1 Effect of ambient Pressure

• m*G7 Effect of air ambient Temperature at Base Load
Notes:
− In all cases where at the specified reference conditions of guarantee are different from the
reference conditions of the correction curves (ISO air conditions at compressor inlet), the correction
factors m*G are computed as combined correction factors, defined as follows :

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
m*G = m*G Meas / m*G Guar , where
m*G Meas is the correction factor under Test condition

m*G Guar is the correction factor at specified reference conditions
of guarantee
If guarantee spec. reference conditions = reference conditions for correction curves m*G Guar = 1
The calculated figure mTIIcorr. shall be compared with the expected value, taking into account the
possible variations in a specified operational zone, as shown in the document of Attachment ‘G’ .
6 MEAN TURBINE EXHAUST TEMPERATURE
6.1 General
The Mean turbine exhaust temperature is the average of the measured flue gas temperature in the final
section of the exhaust gas duct, when the Gas Turbine is operating at the specified load.

The necessary measurements for test calculation are (see Attachment 'B’ ) :
• Turbine exhaust flue gas pressure The location of the ten ( 10 ) thermocouples in the exhaust gas duct
is shown in Attachment 'C’.
6.3 Calculations
6.3.1 Mean Turbine Exhaust Temperature
The Mean Turbine Exhaust Temperature shall be the average of the ten ( 10 ) measured values:
ϑTII = Test Mean Exhaust Temperature
6.3.2 Corrected Mean Turbine Exhaust Temperature

The Mean Turbine Exhaust Temperature shall be corrected to specified conditions applying the
correction factors calculated using the correction curves shown in Attachment 'A':
ϑTIIcorr. = ϑTII / ϑ*G3 * ϑ*G7
The correction factors shall be calculated using the following correction curves (see Attachment
'B'):
• ϑ*G3 Effect of Outlet Pressure loss

• ϑ*G7 Effect of air ambient Temperature at Base Load
Note:
− In all cases where at the specified reference conditions of guarantee are different from the
reference conditions of the correction curves (ISO air conditions at compressor inlet), the
correction factors ϑ*G are computed as combined correction factors, defined as follows :
ϑ*G = ϑ*G Meas / ϑ*G Guar , where

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
ϑ*G Meas is the correction factor under Test conditions

ϑ*G Guar is the correction factor at specified reference conditions of
guarantee
If guarantee spec. reference conditions = reference conditions for correction curves ϑ*G Guar = 1
The calculated figure ϑTII shall be compared with the expected value, taking into account the
possible variations in a specified operational zone,as shown in the document of Attachment ‘G’ .
7. NOMINAL EFFICIENCY
7.1. General
• The Nominal Efficiency is defined as the Nominal Electric Power Output PG nom., divided by the
Heat Input from the fuel, when the Gas Turbine is operating at the specified load.
The Heat Input from the fuel shall be calculated using the Low Heat Value (LHV) of the natural gas (fuel
oil).
7.2 Guarantees
The guaranteed Nominal Efficiency at Specified Load, with specified reference conditions and
specified fuel gas , is shown in section 1.4.1

The necessary measurements for the test calculation are (see Attachment 'B’ ) :
• Electrical output at Generator terminals
• Auxiliary consumption
• Current at Generator terminals
• Voltage at Generator terminals
• Ambient air temperature
• Ambient air relative humidity
• Compressor inlet temperature
• Barometric pressure
• Turbine exhaust flue gas pressure
• Fuel Gas Low Heat Value (LHV)
• Fuel Gas composition
• Fuel Gas pressure at flow meter
• Fuel Gas temperature at flow meter
• Volume fuel Gas flow
7.4 Calculations
7.4.1 Nominal Efficiency
7.4.1.1 Fuel gas
The Nominal Efficiency at the Specified Load ηnom . , defined as the ratio between the
Nom Electrical Power Output and the Heat input from the fuel ( based on Low Heat Value
LHV and sensible heat, if any), shall be calculated as follows :
PFUEL = (ρFUEL * VFUEL ) * ( LHVFUEL + hF )
ηNom. = PGTNom . / PFUEL
where:
• PFUEL = measured fuel Heat Input
• ρFUEL = fuel density at test conditions

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
• VFUEL = measured volumetric fuel flow rate

• LHVFUEL = fuel Low Heat Value per unit of mass
[48596 kJ/kg for the specif.fuel gas (see sect.1.3)]
• hF = CPF *( ϑF - 15 ) = sensible heat of the fuel gas at a temperature above 15 °C
• ϑF = entering temperature of the fuel gas, as supplied to
The GT fuel gas valves package at test conditions
• CPF = spec. heat at constant pressure of the fuel gas
• PGTNom = PGT Meas. - Pexc (see Sect. 3.4.2)
The Gas fuel density shall be calculated according to the guidelines of A.G.A. 'GAS
MEASUREMENT MANUAL (PART NO. ONE)' taking the supercompressibility factors
from A.G.A. Report NX-19 'MANUAL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
SUPERCOMPRESSIBILITY FACTORS FOR NATURAL GAS' OR A.G.A. Report N.8
‘COMPRESSIBILITY FACTORS OF NATURAL GAS OR OTHER RELATED
HYDROCARBON GASES’.
7.4.1.2 Fuel oil

The Nominal Efficiency at the Specified Load ηnom . , defined as the ratio between the
Nom Electrical Power Output and the Heat input from the fuel oil ( based on Low Heat
Value LHV and sensible heat, if any), shall be calculated as follows :
PFUEL = [(ρFUEL-S * VFUEL-S) - (ρFUEL-R * VFUEL-R)] * LHVFUEL

ηNom. =PGTNom. / PFUEL
Where:
• PFUEL = measured fuel Heat Input
• ρFUEL-S = supply fuel oil density at test conditions
• ρFUEL-R = return fuel oil density at test conditions
• VFUEL-S = measured volumetric fuel flow rate at supply
• VFUEL-R = measured volumetric fuel flow rate at return
• LHVFUEL = fuel oil Low Heat Value per unit of mass
[43000 kJ/kg for the specif.fuel oil (see sect.1.3.2)]
• PGTNom = PGT Meas. - Pexc (see Sect. 3.4.2)
The actual fuel oil densities are calculated by interpolation between the measured densities
at 15 °C, 30 °C and 45 °C.
7.4.2 Corrected Nominal Efficiency

The Nom Efficiency at the Specified Load shall be corrected to specified conditions and specified
fuel gas, applying the correction factors calculated with the correction curves shown in Attachment
'A', relevant to GT performance:
ηNom corr = η Nom / (η*G3 * η*G4 * η*G5 * η*G6* η*G7 * η*G10* η*G11 )
The correction factors shall be calculated using the following correction curves (see Attachment
'A'):
• η*G3 Effect of Outlet Pressure loss

• η*G4 Effect of fuel Gas C / H Ratio and (LHV)
Low Heat Value

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
• η*G5 Effect of ambient relative humidity
• η*G6 Effect of Speed on Efficiency ,at constant

Turbine Inlet Temperature
• η*G7 Effect of air ambient temperature on
Efficiency at Base Load
• η*G10 Effect of Aging on Efficiency
• η*G11 Effect of Power Factor on Generator Efficiency / Losses
Where: P*G11 = [ ηGEN (cosϕ Meas., & Meas. Power Output) / ηGEN (cosϕ = 0.8,& Guarantee Power Output) ]
Notes:
− In all cases where the specified reference conditions of guarantee are different from the
reference conditions of the correction curves (ISO air conditions at compressor), the correction
factors η*G are computed as combined correction factors, defined as follows :
η*G = η*G Meas / η*G Guar , where

η*G Meas is the correction factor under Test conditions
η*G Guar is the correction factor at specified reference conditions of guarantee
The calculated value η corr shall be compared with the Guaranteed value.
The calculated Nom Efficiency ηNom corr shall be compared with the guaranteed value in this way:
ηNom corr ≥ ηNom GUARANTEE

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
8 OUTLET- INLET PRESSURE LOSS

8.1 Outlet pressure losses
The Outlet Pressure Loss is the pressure drop from average absolute static pressure at turbine exhaust
flange to atmospheric pressure. The dynamic pressure is the product of flue gas density time the
average velocity squared (calculated in the turbine outlet section where static pressure measurement is
performed), divided by 2.
8.1.1 Measurements
The necessary measurements for Test calculations are :
• Gauge static pressure at turbine exhaust flange
8.1.2 Calculation
The Static outlet pressure loss at Test conditions shall be corrected to the specified reference
conditions taking into account the variation of flue gas density and velocity. In general, the
expression to calculate a pressure drop is:
∆ρ = K ρ V2 / 2 = K m2 / 2 A2 ρ
Where:
K = coefficient
ρ = fluid density
m = fluid mass flow rate
V = fluid velocity
A = area of the duct section
The Static outlet pressure loss at Test conditions shall therefore be:
∆ρMeas = K ρMeas V 2 Meas / 2 = K mTII2 Meas / 2 A2ρMeas
The Static outlet pressure loss at specified Reference conditions shall be:
∆pRef. cond = K ρ Ref. cond V 2 Ref. cond / 2 = K mTII2 Ref. cond / 2 A2 ρ Ref. cond
Finally, ∆pMeas corr = ∆pMeas ( mTII2 Ref. cond / mTII2 Meas ) ( ρMeas / ρ Ref. cond)
where mTII = flue gas mass flow rate at turbine exhaust
The calculated figure ∆pMeas corr will be used for the computation of the Correction factors P*G3 ,
η*G3 , ϑ*G3
8.2 Total inlet pressure loss
The Total Inlet Pressure Loss is the pressure drop from atmospheric pressure to total absolute pressure
at compressor inlet flange.
The total absolute pressure at compressor inlet flange is the sum of average absolute static pressure at
compressor inlet flange and dynamic pressure.
The dynamic pressure is the product of air density time the average velocity squared (calculated in the
compressor inlet section where static pressure measurement is performed), divided by 2.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
8.2.1 Measurements
The necessary measurements for Test calculations are:
• Gauge static pressure at compressor inlet flange
8.2.2 Calculations
The Total inlet pressure loss at Test conditions shall be corrected to the specified reference
conditions taking into account the variation of air density and velocity.
In general, the expression to calculate a pressure drop is :
∆p = K ρ V2 / 2 = K m2 / 2 A2 ρ
Where:
K = coefficient
ρ = fluid density
m = fluid mass flow rate
V = fluid velocity
A = area of the duct section
The Total inlet pressure loss at Test conditions shall therefore be:
∆pMeas = K ρMeas V 2 Meas / 2 = K mVI2 Meas / 2 A2 ρMeas
The Total inlet pressure loss at specified reference conditions shall be:
2
∆pRef. cond = K ρRef. cond V Guar / 2 = K mVI2 Ref. cond / 2 A2 ρRef. cond
Finally, ∆pMeas corr = ∆pMeas ( mVI2 Ref. cond / mVI2 Meas ) ( ρMeas / ρRef. cond )
Where mVI = air mass flow rate at compressor inlet

The calculated figure ∆pMeas corr will be used for the computation of the Correction factors
m*G2 , ϑ*G2 , P*G2 , η*G2

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
ATTACHMENT "A"
• Effect of Inlet Pressure Loss on : CURVE PG1
• Effect of Inlet &Outlet Pressure loss CURVE PG3
• Effect of Fuel Low Heat Value (LHV) and C/H Ratio on CURVE PG4
• Effect of ambient humidity deviation CURVE PG5
• Effect of speed deviation CURVE PG6
• Effect of compressor inlet temperature deviation CURVE PG7
• Power output and Efficiency at Generator terminals CURVE PG10

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
PG1. Effect of Inlet Pressure Loss on :

- Power Output ,Efficiency
- Turbine Exhaust Temperature, Turbine Exhaust Mass Flow
1.05
m*CI1 ; m*TDO1
p amb
P * GT 1 = m * CI 1 = m * TDO 1 =
1 . 013
Compressor Inlet and Turbine Outlet Mass Flow
1.00
P*GT1
Power Output at Generator Terminals
0.95
0.90
1.013 bar = 760 Torr = 1.0332 ata
Klemmenleistung
Massenstrِme
0.85
0.80
0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05
Umgebungsdruck pamb [bar]
Ambient Pressure
1.05
1.00
p* amb
0.95
Umgebungsdruck
Ambient Pressure
0.90
0.85
0.80
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Hِhe a [m]
Altitude

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
PG3.1 Effect of diffusor exhaust pressure loss deviation
1.025
Turbine Outlet
Temperature T*3
1.020
1.015
1.010
1.005
1.000
Turbine Mass Flow
M*3
0.995
Correction factors
0.990
0.985
0.980
0.975
0.970
0.965
Power P*3
0.960
Efficiency E*3
0.955
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Diffusor exhaust pressure loss [mbar]

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
PG3.2 Effect of Inlet &Outlet Pressure loss
1.010
Turbine Outlet
Temperature T*2
1.005
1.000
0.995
Correction factors
0.990
Efficiency E*2
0.985
0.980
Turbine Mass Flow
M*2
0.975
0.970
Power P*2
0.965
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Compressor Inlet Pressure Loss [mbar]

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
PG4.1 Effect of fuel gas composition
1.018
1.016
1.014
1.012
1.010
Correction factors for Power P*4
1.008
1.006
1.004
1.002
1.000 2.979
0.998 3.150
3.300
0.996
3.450
0.994
0.992
35.000 37.000 39.000 41.000 43.000 45.000 47.000 49.000

Fuel Gas LHV [MJ/kg]

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.008
1.007
1.006
1.005
Correction factors for Efficiency E*4
1.004
1.003
1.002
1.001
1.000 2.979
3.150
0.999
3.300
3.450
0.998
0.997
35.000 37.000 39.000 41.000 43.000 45.000 47.000 49.000


OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.008
1.007
1.006
Correction factors for Turbine Mass Flow M*4
1.005
1.004
1.003
1.002
1.001
1.000
0.999
35.000 37.000 39.000 41.000 43.000 45.000 47.000 49.000


OWNER: CONSULTANT:
PG4.4 Effect of Fuel Low Heat Value (LHV) and C/H Ratio on Efficiency

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PG5.1 Effect of ambient humidity deviation
1.003
45 °C 31 °C
1.002
15 °C
35 °C
1.001
0 °C
1.000
0.999 0 °C
0.998
15 °C
0.997 35 °C
0.996 31 °C
0.995
45 °C
0.994
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Rel. Humidity [x 100 %]

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1.020
1.015
1.010
1.005
0 °C
1.000
15 °C
31 °C
0.995 35 °C
0.990
45 °C
0.985
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

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1.035
1.030
1.025
1.020
1.015
1.010
1.005
1.000 0 °C
15 °C
0.995
31 °C
0.990
35 °C
0.985
0.980
45 °C
0.975
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.015
45 °C
1.010
35 °C
Correction factors for Turbine Outlet Temperature T*5
1.005 31 °C
15 °C
0 °C
1.000
0.995
0.990
0.985
0.980
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

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PG6.1 Effect of speed deviation

1.050
45 °C
1.040
1.030
30 °C
1.020
15 °C
1.010
0 °C
1.000
0.990
0.980
0.970
0.960
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020
Engine Speed [n/n0]

OWNER: CONSULTANT:

1.020
45 °C
1.015
1.010
1.005 30 °C
15 °C
1.000
0 °C
0.995
0.990
0.985
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020
Engine Speed [n/n0]

OWNER: CONSULTANT:

1.040 45 °C
1.030
30 °C
1.020
15 °C
1.010
0 °C
1.000
0.990
0.980
0.970
0.960
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020
Engine Speed [n/n0]

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1.015
1.010
Correction factors for Turbine Outlet Temperature T*6
1.005
1.000
0 °C
0.995
15 °C
30 °C
0.990
45 °C
0.985
0.980 0.985 0.990 0.995 1.000 1.005 1.010 1.015 1.020
Engine Speed [n/n0]

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PG7.1 Effect of compressor inlet temperature deviation
1.25
Kurvenverlauf bei Erreichen der
Grenzleistung (beispielhaft)
Course when mechanical limit is
1.20 reached (example)
1.15
1.10
Correction factors for Power P*7, Efficiency E*7
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90 Efficiency E*7
0.85
0.80
0.75
Power P*7
Erreichen der Grenzleistung zu erwarten
Reaching of mechanical limit
0.70
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Compressor Inlet Temperature [°C]

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
PG7.2 Effect of compressor inlet temperature deviation
1.15
Kurvenverlauf bei Erreichen der
Grenzleistung (beispielhaft)
Course when mechanical limit is
reached (example)
Correction factors for Turbine Mass Flow M*7, Turbine Outlet Temperature T*7
1.10
Turbine Outlet
Temperature T*7
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
Turbine Mass Flow

0.85 M*7
Erreichen der Grenzleistung zu erwarten

Reaching of mechanical limit
0.80
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Compressor Inlet Temperature [°C]

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PG10 Power output and Efficiency at Generator terminals Vs. Equivalent Operating Hours
(Clean Gas Turbine and fluids in accordance with
"Gas Turbine Working Fluids Specification")
1,00
P*GT10, η*GT10
0,99
degradation factors
0,98 η*GT10
P*GT10
0,97
0,96
700
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
First equivalent operating hours (EOH)

ignition

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ATTACHMENT “B”
INSTRUMENT LIST FOR PERFORMANCE TESTS


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ATTACHMENT “C”
SCHEME OF MEASURING POINTS

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ATTACHMENT “D”
MEASURING POINTS LOCATIONS


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ATTACHMENT “E”
LOG SHEET FOR PERFORMANCE TESTS

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PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT

TEST No.:
TYPE OF TEST:
LOAD:
REMARKS:
SIGNATURES: TUGA
PARS
MAPNA
SABA Co:
NIROO Consulting Engineers Co.
DATE:

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ATTACHMENT “F”
TOLERANCES FOR FLUE GAS MASS FLOW RATE AND FLUE

GAS TEMPERATURE

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ATTACHMENT “G”
EMISSIONS MEASUREMENTS

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INDEX
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF MEASUREMENT

2. LIMITS
3. DEFINITIONS AND CONVERSION OF DATA
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Conversion to Reference Oxygen Level
3.3 Conversion of data from vpm to mg/m3
4. MEASURING METHODS
5. MEASURING PROCEDURE
5.1 Sampling and Analysis
5.2 Calibration of Gas Analyzers
6. OVERALL ACCURACY
7. REFERENCES

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF MEASUREMENT

To check compliance with the expected limit values of pollutant emissions, the measurements of the
exhaust flue- gas emissions will be performed using a portable continuous gas analyzer.
The following emissions are measured directly in the exhaust gas by means of extractive sampling using a
continuous emissions monitoring system:
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx) in vpm
• Carbon monoxide (CO) in vpm
• Oxygen (O2) on vol.-% as reference
2. LIMITS
The expected limits of pollutant emissions in the exhaust flue gas are listed in Attachment ‘A’. They are
in accordance with the reference Contract Documents:
• IPDC-Gas Turbine Power Plant Specification - vol. 2.1 - sect. 3 Environment Protection
• IPDC-Gas Turbine Power Plant Specification - vol. 2.5 - Part B - Technical Data
3. DEFINITIONS AND CONVERSION OF DATA
3.1 Definition
-NOx = sum of NO and NO2
-NOx,15 = Nox value converted to 15 vol-% oxygen reference value
-Results of measurements:
• Gaseous emissions are measured in vpm=ppmv=ppm=volume parts per million (1 vpm=0.0001 vol.-%)
• Measuring results refer to dry exhaust gas
• Volume based mass-concentration values (f.i. mg/Nm3) refer to standard conditions, 0°C, 1013 hpa
3.2 Conversion to Reference Oxygen Level

ER = EM * ( 20.95-OR ) / ( 20.95-OM )
ER = emissions converted to reference oxygen level
OR = reference oxygen level ( 15 )
EM = emissions measured
OM = oxygen level measured
3.3 Conversion of data from vpm to mg/Nm3
Conversion factor ( Kj ) for vpm to mg/Nm3 at standard conditions (0°C. 1013 hPa):
1 vpm NOx = 2.0536 mg/m3 = 2.0536 x 10-3 g/m3 calculated as NO2 = KNOX
1 vpm CO = 1.2505 mg/m3 = 1.2505 x 10-3 g/m3 = KCO
4. MEASURING METHODS
NOX - non-dispersive infrared radiation absorption or chemo luminescence
CO - non-dispersive infrared radiation absorption
O2 - paramagnetic alternating pressure principle

5. MEASURING PROCEDURE
5.1 Sampling and Analysis
The measurements are performed by means of extractive sampling using a continuous emissions
monitoring system.
Sampling and analysis follow procedures outlined in international regulatory guides such as EPA or ISO
standards [1,2,3 and 4].
In order to ensure steady-state conditions, the gas turbine must be operated at base load for a minimum of
half an hour before starting the test.
For each guaranteed item a test period of 30 minutes at constant load will be sufficient.
Measured data are recorded continuously by instrumentation. Additional manual recording can be done
every 5 or 10 minutes.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
5.2 Calibration of Gas Analyzers

Firstly the entire monitoring system is checked.
Calibration of the analyzers is performed directly before starting the performance tests. It is carried out
manually and not by an automatic routine.
Calibration procedure includes checking the zero-set point and the sensitivity adjustment of the analyzers
using nitrogen, certified calibration gas and ambient air.
6. OVERALL ACCURACY
All values measured are subject to the tolerance of ± 2% relative to that given in the specification of the
calibration gas. The affect of a change in ambient pressure and temperature may be ignored due to daily
calibration.
By performing the careful calibration procedure as described in section 4.2, the following overall
accuracy will be obtained:
NOX < ± 3% relative or ± 2 vpm whichever is greater
CO < ± 3% relative or ± 2 vpm whichever is greater
O2 < ± 1% relative or ± 0.1 vol.-% whichever is greater
7. REFERENCE STANDARDS
[1] "Measurements of Exhaust Emissions from stationary gas turbine Engines", ASME B1333.9-1994
[2] "standard of Performance for Stationary Sources, Subpart GG - Standards of performance for
Stationary Gas Turbines", US Federal Register, EPA-Code of Federal Regulations - Title 40, Part 60,
Paragraph 60.335 Test methods and procedures.
[3] "Gas Turbines - Acceptance Tests", ISO 2314, International Organization for standardization, 1989.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
ATTACHMENT “H”
NOISE MEASUREMENTS

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objective of the Test

TUGA shall carry-out noise measurement tests at NIYAM OPEN CYCLE POWER PLANT Gas
Turbine-Generator Units, after the completion of the Performance Tests, to demonstrate that the expected
sound emission limits are met.
• Measurement of A- weighted sound pressure level, given in decibels above 2 10-5 Pa, at 1m distance in
horizontal plane from the acoustic enclosure of the GT- Generator unit and from auxiliary installation, for
the purpose to evaluate the airborne noise emitted by the complete GT-Generator unit and relevant
auxiliary equipment.
The tests will be performed on each Gas Turbine- Generator unit when operating at steady-state
conditions with the specified reference conditions and load in accordance with the Contract documents
and with all other units of the existing station out of operation.
Attention must be paid that during the tests, all noise barriers and silencing enclosures are installed and
efficient.
The noise measurement tests will be witnessed by Employer
1.2 Noise Limits
• The expected limits of sound emissions are listed in Section 1.4.3

1.3 Reference Standards
- ISO R 1680 (1970), Test Code for the measurement of the airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
machinery.
- ISO 6190 (1988), Measurements of sound pressure levels of Gas Turbines installations for evaluation of
environmental noise
- ISO 10494 (1993), Gas Turbine sets - Measurements of emitted airborne noise
- ISO 3746 (1995), Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Survey method
2 MEASUREMENT OF SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR EVALUATING THE AIRBORNE

NOISE EMITTED BY THE GAS TURBINE-GENERATOR UNIT
2.1 Measurements
The measurement of A-weighted sound pressure levels ( SPL - dB A) will be performed by using a pre-
calibrated precision computing sound level meter, a microphone and a precision acoustic calibrator.
The measuring instruments full meet the requirements of IEC Publication 651, type 1, and IEC
Publication 804, type 1; frequency-weighting characteristic A and octave band filter capability are
provided.
In addition to above, the measuring instruments are factory calibrated. Measurement uncertainty
according to ISO 6190 (1988).
Correction for background noise according to ISO 6190 ( 1988 ) and ISO 10494 ( 1993 ).
The measurements will be performed inside the Station Gas Turbine building, on the Gas Turbine-
Generator unit under test and with all other units of the existing station out of operation.
2.1.1 Measurement positions

The location of microphone positions is shown on page......If necessary for practical reasons, it can be
agreed to modify slightly the location of microphone positions.
The microphone will be located in general at a distance of 1 meter in horizontal plane from the acoustic
enclosure of the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit and from auxiliary installation.
Microphone height: 1.5 m above ground level or personnel platform level.
2.2 Calculation
2.2.1 Correction for background noise
The background noise will be measured, using the A-weighting, at the same measuring positions of the
test and with the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit under test not in operation.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
The A-weighted sound pressure levels recorded at each of the microphone position ought to exceed those
due to the background noise alone by at least 10 dB(A). When the differences are between 3 dB(A) and
10 dB(A) the corrections given below for the influence of background noise, will apply; when the SPL
increase is less than 3 dB (A), measurement in general cease to have any significance.
Difference between SPL - dB(A) Correction to be subtracted from
with GT-Generator Unit in operation SPL - dB(A) measured with
and background SPL - dB(A) alone GT-Generator Unit in operation.
∆L ( dBA ) ` K1A ( dBA )

3 3
4 2
5 2
6 1
7 1
8 1
9 1
≥10 0
2.2 Data averaging the mean A-weighted sound pressure level, averaged over the measurement surface
at a distance of 1 m from the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit will be calculated from the A-weighted
measured sound pressure levels at all positions around the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit, corrected if
necessary for background noise according to sect. 2.2.1, by using the following formula:
Lpm -dB (A) = 10 log10 [1/ n ∑ 10 0, 1 Lp i -dB (A)]
Where
Lpm -dB(A) is the mean A-weighted sound pressure level, averaged over the measurement surface ,in
decibels. Reference: 2 10-5 Pa
Lp i-dB(A) is the A-weighted sound pressure level at the ith measurement position, in decibels.
Reference: 2 10-5 Pa
n is the total number of measurement positions
When the range of values of Lp i-dB(A) is 5 dB or less, the mean can be taken as the simple arithmetic
average of the Lp i recorded. This average will not differ by more than 0,7 dB(A) from the value
calculated with the formula above.
In case the noise level is to be considered non-steady during the period of observation, according to the
ISO International standards above cited, the sound pressure level will be measured as Leq .
“Leq “ is the equivalent continuous sound pressure level of a steady-state sound which has the same sound
energy as that contained in the actual time-varying sound being measured during the period of
observation.
2.2.3 Correction for test environment

The A-weighted surface sound pressure level at a distance of 1 m from the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit
shall be calculated by correcting the sound pressure level Lpm averaged over the measurement surface,
calculated according sect. 2.2.2, by using the following equation:
Lp -dB(A) = Lpm -dB(A) - K2A
where
Lpm -dB(A) is the mean A-weighted sound pressure level, averaged over the measurement surface, in
decibels. Reference: 2 10-5
Lp -dB(A) is the A-weighted surface sound pressure level , in decibels. Reference: 2 10-5 Pa
K2A is the A-weighted mean value of the environmental correction over the measurement surface, in
decibels Reference : 2 10-5 Pa
The environmental correction K2A, accounts the influence of non-ideal test environment, for example the
reflection of the sound radiated by the machine from the environment outside the measurement surface or
by absorption of radiated sound within the measurement surface.

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
K2A = 10 log10 [1 + 4 / ( A / S ) ] dB ( A )
where
A = equivalent sound absorption area, in m2
S = area of measurement surface, in m2
The equivalent sound absorption area A, in m2 is to be calculated with the following formula:
A = 0.163 * ( V / T )
Where
V= volume of the room, in m3
T= reverberation time of the room, in sec (for A-weighting)
For A / S > 10 K2A ≤ 0.5 the correction is negligible
For A / S > 1 K2A ≤ 7 ISO std. 3746 shall be used

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
NOISE EMISSIONS TEST REPORT

GAS TURBINE
Manufacturer TUGA
Model V 94.2
Serial No
GENERATOR
Manufacturer PARS
Model
Serial No ..................
MEASURING INSTRUMENTATION USED

Microphone ...................
Sound level meter ...................
Calibrator ...................
DATE ................... TEST NO. ...................
Start of Test................... Engineer...................
End of Test................... Company...................
OPERATING DATA AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Fuel type natural gas Temperature °C
Turbine Load Pressure bar
Rel. humidity %
NOISE EMISSIONS TEST REPORT
MEASUREMENT OF SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR EVALUATING THE AIRBORNE NOISE
EMITTED BY THE GAS TURBINE-GENERATOR UNIT
Gas Turbine model V 94.2 Load

Specified measurement distance from the Gas Turbine-Generator Unit
Measurement SOUND PRESSURE SOUND PRESSURE CORRECT.
SOUND
positions LEVEL, dB(A) BACKGROUND NOISE PRESS.LEVEL,dB(A)
LEVEL, dB(A)
Ref. 2 10-5 Pa Ref. 2 10-5 Pa Ref. 2 10-5 Pa
Lp’ Lp” Lp = Lp’ - K1A
1 ……………… ……………… …………………
2 ……………… ……………… …………………
3 ……………… ………………… …………………
4 ……………… ………………… …………………
5 ……………… ………………… …………………
6 ……………… ………………… …………………

7 ……………… ………………… …………………
8 ……………… ………………… …………………
9 ……………… ………………… …………………
10 ……………… ……………… …………………
11 ……………… ……………… …………………
12 ……………… ……………… …………………
13 ……………… ……………… …………………
14 ……………… ………………… …………………
15 ……………… ………………… …………………
16 ……………… ………………… …………………
17 ……………… ………………… ………………

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18 ……………… ………………… …………………

19 ……………… ………………… …………………
Lp’- dB(A) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >10

Lp”
K1A dB(A) 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0
DATE ................... TEST NO. ................... Start

of Test................... Engineer...................
End of Test................... Company...................
Approved:
TUGA .................................
PARS .................................
MAPNA .................................
IPDC .................................
Microphone positions for noise measurements at 1 meter distance from the acoustic enclosure of the Gas
Turbine-Generator Unit
Representative Date: Name & Signature:
TUGA
PARS
MAPNA
SABA
NIROO Consulting
Engineers Co

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OWNER: CONSULTANT:
APPENDIX ‘A’
INDIRECT DETERMINATION OF MASS FLOW
AND TURBINE INLET TEMPERATURE
FOR SINGLE-SHAFT GAS TURBINES

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
INLET TEMPERATURE
FOR SINGLE-SHAFT GAS TURBINES

OWNER: CONSULTANT:
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Indirect determination of mass flow
3. Calculation of turbine inlet temperature
3.1 via output balance of turbine
3.2 via combustion chamber balance
4. Designations
5. Figures
1. Introduction The International Standard ISO 2314-1973 "Gas turbines - Acceptance tests"
specifies standard procedures and rules for the conduct and reporting of acceptance tests and also
provides methods for the calculation of the air mass flow and turbine inlet temperature.
Besed on this Standard in this report is shown how the mass flows and turbine inlet temperature of a
single-shaft gas turbine can be calculated by means of relatively easily measurable parameters. The mass
flow balance, the power balance of the turbine and the combustion chamber balance are used for this
purpose. When using the calculated compressor inlet flow, the calculation of the turbine inlet temperature
with the aid of the power balance and the combustion chamber balance gives the same value.
Generally a computer program is available for the determination of the thermal efficiency and heat rate,
the calculation of the turbine inlet temperature and the corrections of the results obtained under test
conditions to standard or other specified conditions.

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