NJXTKHSCKL
DMGI PJ
JKH–W
EMACOS 

PBH ECOCVCKJ EMACOS CK

THPTJWVHGP
 

\BMP CW PBH EMACOS:

‗ Pbh emacoy cs tbh dmscg sjgcmo ckstctutcjk mk` tbh prcamry

lrjup ck mky sjgchty,
sjgchty, wbcgb pudocg pjocgy
pj ocgy gbhrcsbhs mk`
prjthgts.
‗ Ct amydh vchwh` ms m sudsyst
sudsystha
ha wctb ckthrmgtckl
phrsjkmoctchs suppjrth` dy sht je kjras, mttctu`hs mk`
vmouhs `rmwk ajstoy erja tbh omrlhr sjgchty.
sjgchty.
 

\BMP CW PBH EMACOS:

‗ Pbh emacoy amy vchwh` ms mk mlhkgy pomyckl

po myckl m vctmo rjoh ck
tbh `hvhojpahkt je jkh–s
jkh–s phrsjkmocty mk` ck tbh prjghss
je vmouhs ejramtcjk mk` `hvhojpahkt.
‗ Ct cs tbh lrjup tbmt ecrst sjgcmoczhs tbh ck`cvc`umo mk`
prjvc`hs ejr bcs dmscg sjgcmo khh`s.
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
=. Mg
Mggj
gjr`c
r`ckl
kl tj jrlm
jrlmkc
kczm
zmtcj
tcjk
k mk` ahadh
ahadhrsb
rsbcp
cp
M. Ku
Kugo
gohm
hmrr ema
maco
coy
y
‗ Gjapjsh` je emtbhr, ajtbhr, mk` gbco`rhk ck tbh ukcjk rhgjlkczh`
dy tbh sjgchty.

‗ 4 ick`s
=. Em
Emacoy
acoy jrch
jrchktm
ktmtcjk-
tcjk- ckt
cktj
j wbcgb
wbcgb jkh cs djrk,
djrk, rhmr
rhmrh`
h` mk`
mk` sjgcmocz
sjgcmoczh`
h`
4. Em
Emacoy
acoy prj
prjgrh
grhmtcj
mtcjk-
k- hstm
hstmdocsb
docsbh`
h` dy tbh phr
phrsjk
sjk dy amrr
amrrcmlh
cmlh..
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
=. Mg
Mggjr
gjr`c
`ckl
kl tj jrlm
jrlmkc
kczm
zmtcj
tcjk
k mk` ahadh
ahadhrsb
rsbcp
cp
D. Hxthk`h` emacoy
‗ Pwj jr ajrh kugohmr emacochs rhomth` tj hmgb jtbhr hgjkjacgmooy
mk` sjgcmooy.

‗ 4 ick`s
=. Gjknul
Gjknulmo
mo emaco
emacoy-
y- gjk
gjksc`
sc`hr
hrss spjush
spjush & gbco
gbco`r
`rhk
hk ms prca
prcah
h
capjrtmkgh (amrrcmlh djk`)
4. Gjksmklu
Gjksmkluckhmo
ckhmo ema
emacoy-
coy- gjk
gjksc`hr
sc`hrss kugohu
kugohuss je
je dojj`
dojj` rho
rhomtcv
mtcvhs
hs ms
ms
ajrh capjrtmkt tbmk spjush
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
4. Mggjr`ckl tj pomgh je rhsc`hkgh
M. Vm
Vmtr
trco
cojg
jgmo
mo emacoy- khwoy wh` gjupoh ocvh wctb khmr tbh
emacoy-
rhsc`hkgh je tbh pmrhkts je tbh lrjja.

D. Amtr
Amtrco
cojg
jgmo
mo ema
emacoy- khwoy wh` gjupoh ocvh wctb khmr tbh
coy-
rhsc`hkgh je tbh pmrhkts je tbh drc`h.
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
4. Mggjr`ckl tj pomgh je rhsc`hkgh
g. Dco
Dcojgm
jgmoo em
emacoy- prjvc`hs khwoy wh` gjupoh erhh`ja tj
acoy-
shohgt wbhrh tj rhsc`h (khmr tbh lrjjas/drc`hs emacoy:)
`. Khjojgmo emacoy- phracts khwoywh` gjupoh tj rhsc`h
ck`hphk`hktoy je tbhcr pmrhkts
h. Mv
Mvukoj
ukojgmo
gmo emacoy- khwoy gjupoh rhsc`h wctb khmr tbh
emacoy-
amthrkmo ukgoh je tbh lrjja
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
7. Mggjr`ckl tj `hsghkt
m. Vmtr
Vmtrco
cock
ckhm
hmoo `hs
`hsghkt-- meecocmths m phrsjk wctb m lrjup je
ghkt
icksahk rhomth` tj bca tbrjulb bcs emtbhr
d. Amtr
Amtrco
cock
ckhm
hmoo `hsg
`hsghkt- meecocmths m phrsjk wctb m lrjup je
hkt-
icksahk rhomth` tj bca tbrjulb bcs ajtbhr .
g. Dcom
Dcomtthr
hrmo
mo `hs
`hsghkt- meecocmths m phrsjk wctb m lrjup je
ghk
icksahk rhomth` tj bca tbrjulb bc emtbhr mk` ajtbhr
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
0. Mggjr`ckl tj mutbjrcty
m. Vm
Vmtr
trcm
cmrg
rgbm
bmoo ema
emacoy- mutbjrcty cs vhsth` ck tbh jo`hst
coy-
ahadhr ( amoh), jethk tbh emtbhr

d. Amtr
Amtrcm
cmrg
rgbm
bmoo ema
emacoy- mutbjrcty cs vhsth` ck tbh ajtbhr jr
coy-
tbh ajtbhrs ick
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
0. Mggjr`ckl tj mutbjrcty
g. Hqumoctmrcmk emacoy- busdmk` mk` wceh hxhrgcsh m ajrh jr
ohss hqumo majukt je mutbjrcty

`. Amtrcghktrcg emacoy- mdshkgh je tbh emtbhr (c.h. wjrckl

mdrjm`) lcvhs ajtbhr m `jackmkt pjsctcjk ck tbh emacoy
bjwhvhr,, emtbhr sbmrhs wctb ajtbhr ck thras je `hgcscjk
bjwhvhr `h gcscjk
amickl
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
8. Mggjr`ckl tj ejra je amrrcmlh
m. Ajkjlmay- phracts amk tj bmvh jkoy jkh spjush mt m
tcah

d. Vjo
joyylma
mayy- pourmo amrrcmlh9 mssuahs mky je tbh
ejoojwckl> pjoylyky, pjoymk`ry, mk` lrjup amrrcmlh
 

GOMWWCECGMPCJK JE PBH
EMACOS 
8. Mggjr`ckl tj ejra je amrrcmlh
Vjoylyky- amrrcmlh je jkh amk tj twj jr ajrh wjahk mt m
tcah(gjaajk bjushbjo`, hgjkjacg gjjphrmtcjk, mk`
rhprj`ugtcjk)

Vjoymk`ry- amrrcmlh je jkh wjamk tj twj jr ajrh ahk mt

tbh smah tcah
Lrjup amrrcmlh- amrrcmlh jr ukcjk je shvhrmo ahk &
shvhrmo wjahk mt m tcah
 

Eukgtcjks je tbh emacoy

‗ Pbh emacoy cs tbh ukct je rhprj`ugtcjk.

‗ Ct phrejras tbh eukgtcjk je dcjojlcgmo amckthkmkgh.
‗ Pbh emacoy sjgcmoczhs tbh ahadhrs.
‗ Ct prjvc`hs stmtus tj tbh ahadhrs.
‗ Ct shrvhs ms mk capjrtmkt ahgbmkcsa ejr sjgcmo gjktrjo.
gjktrjo.
‗ Pbh emacoy shrvhs ms tbh ecrst mk` ejrha
ejrhajst
jst sgbjjo wbhrh
hvhry gbco` ohmrks tbh amnjr ohssjks ck oceh.
‗
Ct phrejrasrhoclcjus
hgjkjacg, sugb jtbhr
mk`eukgtcjks
sjgcmo. tj ahht tbh amthrcmo mk`
 

Emacoy `hvhojpahkt tmsis

=. Vbys
Vbyscg
cgmo
mo amckt
amckthk
hkmkgh-- prjvc`ckl sbhothr,
mkgh sbhothr, ejj`, gojtbckl,
gojtbckl ,
bhmotb gmrh, htg
4. Moojgm
Moojgmtcj
tcjk
k je rh
rhsju
sjurghs- ahhtckl emacoy khh`s mk`
rghs-
gjsts, mppjrtcjkckl amthrcmo ljj`s, emgcoctchs, spmgh, htg.
7. @cvc
@cvcsc
scjk
jk je
je omdjr-- mssclkckl rhspjkscdcocty & amkmlckl
omdjr
bjushbjo`
0. Wjg
Wjgcmo
cmoczc
czckl
kl tbh
tbh emaco
emacoy
y ahad
ahadhrs- luc`ckl ckthrkmoczmtcjk
hrs-
je ckgrhmsckl amturcty
 

Emacoy `hvhojpahkt tmsis

8. Thprj`ugtcjk, rhgructahkt, mk` rhohmsh je emacoy

ahadhrs- dhmrckl jr m`jptckl gbco`rhk mk` rhmrckl tbha
ejr rhohmsh mt amturcty
amturcty,, ckgjrpjrmtckl khw ahadhrs dy
amrrcmlh(ck-omws, sthp-pmrhkts, luhsts, rhomtcvhs, htg.)

5. Amckthkmkgh je
gjaaukcgmtcjk, jr`hr- prjvc`ckl
hstmdocsbckl ahmks
typhs mk` je je
ckthkscty
ckthrmgtcjk, mk` pmtthrks je meehgtcjk dy m`ackcsthrckl
smkgtcjks cksurckl gjkejracty tj lrjup kjras.
 

Emacoy `hvhojpahkt tmsis

<. Vomghahkt je ahadhrs ck tbh omrlhr sjgchty- ecttckl cktj tbh

gjaaukcty, rhomtckl tj gburgb, sgbjjo, jrlmkczmtcjkmo oceh,
pjoctcgmo mk` hgjkjacg systhas
systhas
2. Amckthkmkgh je ajtcvmtcjk mk` ajrmoh- rhwmr`ckl ahadhrs

ejr mgbchvhahkts, smtcseyckl ck`cvc`umo khh`s ejr mgghptmkgh,

hkgjurmlhahkt mk` meehgtcjk, ahhtckl phrsjkmo mk` emacoy
grcshs, rheckckl m pbcojsjpby je oceh mk` shksh je emacoy ojymoty
tbrjulb rctumos mk` ehstcvctchs.
 

Pbmki yju !!!

LHTOCH NJS @. HLXCOOJK
 

LJMOW MK @
WPTMPHLCHW

EJT
EJ T GBMK LH
 

Ljmos>
Dmsh`
Dmsh ` jk
j k tbh
t bh st
strh
rhkl
kltb
tbs s mk`
mk`
whm
wh mik
ikhhss
sshhs je
j e tbh
t bh Eco
cocp
cpck
ckj
j
tbh ejooj
ejoojwckl
wckl ljm
ljmosos ejr
 
gbm
gb mkl
klhh mrh pr
prjp
jpjs
jshh`.

Pbhh Ecocpckj
Pb Ecocpckj sbjuo`
sbju o` `hvhojp>
=. M shksh je pmtrcjtcsa mk` kmtcjkmo prc`h ‗
prc`h ‗ m lhkuckh ojvh, mpprhgcmtcjk mk`
gjaactahkt tj tbh Vbcocppckhs mk` tbckls.
4. M shksh je gjaajk ljj`  ‗ tbh mdcocty tj ojji dhyjk` shoecsb ckthrhst, m
shksh je nustcgh mk` m shksh je jutrmlh mt cts vcjomtcjk.
7. M shksh je ckthlrcty mk` mggjuktmdcocty  ‗ mk mvhrscjk tjwmr` lrmet mk`
gjrruptcjk ck sjgchty ck mvjc`mkgh je tbh prmgtcgh jk jkh–s `mcoy oceh .
0. Pbh vmouh mk` bmdcts je `csgcpockh mk` bmr` wjri.
8. Pbh vmouh mk` bmdcts je shoe-rheohgtcjk mk` mkmoyscs, tbh ckthrkmoczmtcjk je
spcrctumo vmouhs mk` hapbmscs upjk hsshkgh rmtbhr tbmk jk ejra.
•
 

Lhkhrmo Wtrmthlcg
Vrckgcpohs>
• Ck c`h
c` hktc
ktceyck
eyckl
l ljm
l jmos
os ejr
e jr gbm
g bmklh
klh mk`
mk`
`hvh
`h vhojp
ojpckl
ckl jur gm
gmpm
pmdco
dcoctch
ctchs
s ejr tbh
tbhcr
cr
mgb
gbchvh
chvhah
ahkt
kt,, ct cs
c s kh
k hgh
ghss
ssmmry tj
gjksc`
gjk sc`h
hr ghrtmck
ghrtmck lh lhkh
khrm
rmoo prck
p rckgcp
gcpoh
ohs.
s.
 

=.Wtr
trmmthlchs aus
austt dh auotc-om
auot c-omyhrh
yhrh`
` mk` auot
au otc-
c-
shgtjrmo9
4.Wtr
trmmthlchs aust
au st hap
apbmsczh
bmsczh gbgbm
mkl
klh
h ck tbh
t bh
pjw hr-
pjwh r-bjo`hrs
bjo`hrs ms
ms w hoo ms ck tbh amsm
amsm (ph
phjpoh)
jpoh)..
7.Wtrmth
trmthlchs
lchs sbjuo
sb juo`
` dh bjocst
bjo cstcg,
cg, hapb
hapbmmsczckl

ck`cvc
ck`cvc`umo
gbmklh9`umo ms
ms wh
w hoo ms
ms systh
syst ham
amtcg
tcg jr strug
strugturmo
turmo
0.Pbh gbmklh
gbmklh sbjuo`
sbju o` ckv
ckvjov
jovhh m grc
grctcg
tcgm
mo am
a mss je
je
phjpoh.
 

A uotc
uotc-o
-omyhrh`
myhrh` mk
mk`` a
strmthlchsuotc-s
uotc -shgtjrmo
hgtjrmo

‗m pr
prjlr
jlrmma je gbgbm
mkl
klhh au
aust
st
m`jp
`jptt st
strm
rmth
thlc
lch
hs tb
tbmmt mrh auotc-
auo tc-
omyhrh
om yhrh`
` mk`
mk` au
auot
otc-
c-sh
shgt
gtjr
jrm
mo.
 

Pbhsh
Pb hsh omy
omyhrs
hrs mk` shgtjrs sbjuo`
gjkscst
gjk scstss je tbh ejoojwckl>
ejoojwckl >
m. Pbh ljvh
ljv hrk
rkahkt
ahkt
d. Kjk-ljvhrkahkt jrlmkczmtcjks
g. Vhjpo
jpohh jr tbh
t bh amsm
`. Pbh emac
emacoy
oy
h. H`ugmtcjkmo ckstctutcjks
e. Ah`cm
l. Thoclcjus ckstctut
ckstctutcjks
cjks
 

T joh
johss je Vjw
Vjwhr
hr bjo`hr s mk` tbh
bjo`hrs
Amss
• pjw
pjwhhr bjo`h
bjo` hrs mk` `hgcsc
`hgcscjk
jk amihrs
amihrs bjo`
b jo` tbh
t bh ihy
ihy tj
stru gturhs
strugtu rhs mk`
mk` systhas wbcgbw bcgb ck ajst
a jst gm
g mshs khh
khh`` tj
dh sht-up
sht-up ec
ecrs
rstt dhejrh
d hejrh gbm
gb mkl
klhh gmk
gmk tm
t mih pomgh. Pbh
amsm
am sm gjkstct
gjkstctuth
uth lrhm
lrhmth
thrr amnjrcty
amnjrcty je Vbcocppc
Vbcocppckh
khss
sjgc hty my prjlrma
sjgch prjl rma ejr gbmklh wc
wcoo
oo bmvh tj tm
t mrlht tbh
grctcgmo
grct cgmo amss.
amss. Pbhcr
Pbhcr mgtcvh
mgtcvh pmrtcgcpm
pmrtcgcp mtcjk mk` suppj
su ppjrtrt
mrh ck`csph
ck`csp hksmdoh gjap
gjapjkhkts
jkhkts je jur str
strm
mthlch
thlchs.
s.
 

Bjocstcg
Wysthamtcg
Wystha Ck`cvc`umo mk`
mtcg / Wtrugturmo Gbm
Gbmklh
klh

• Ck`
k`cv
cvc`u
c`ummo gjk
g jkvh
vhrsc
rscjk
jk jr rh
rhkh
khwm
wmo,
o,
ms am
a mkc
kcehsth`
ehsth` gbmkl
g bmklh
h vmouhs,
mttc
ttctu`
tu`hhs mk` bm
bmdcdcts
ts mk` dh
dhbm
bmvcj
vcjur 
ur 
cs m pr
prh
hrh
rhquc
qucsct
scth
h tj sjg
sjgcm
cmoo gbmklh
gbmklh..
 

Grctcg
Grct cgmo
mo klh
am ss
amss
Gbmklh
Gbm jr mtjrs
K htwjri
ckctcmtjrs
ckctc

• tbh ck
ckctc
ctcm
mtjr
tjrss je gbm
gb mkl
klhh aus
austt kjt
kj t m
ehw
eh w ck`c
ck `cvc`
vc`um
umos,
os, du
dutt m grc
grctcg
tcgm
mo am
a mss
jr khtwjr
khtwjrii je p
phhjpoh bclboy
gjaact
gja actth
th`` tj tbh ljm
ljmos
os je
j e gbmklh.
gbmklh.
 

T hstrc
hstrcgth`
gth` jr
Ljmos Dcth-sczh
Dcth-s czh
• str
strm
jkh mth
thlchs
lchsmtejr
ljmo gbmklh
m tcah w ctbaus
wctb austt dh wjrih
wjr
hvhryjkh–
hvhryjkh–ss ih`
` jk
heejrt
gjk ghktr
gjkgh ktrmmth
th`
` jk tbh ljmoljmo gbjshk
g bjshk ejr tbmt
`hsclkm
`hsclk mth` tcah
tc ah phrc
phrcj`
j`.. Pbh ljmo
ljmo aust
a ust dh
gutt up
gu u p cktj
ck tj dct
d cthh-sc
sczzh, rhm
rhmoc
ocst
stcg
cg pc
pchhghs. Ejr

hmschr amkmlhahkt.
 

  jm
jmos
os rhomth`
ocvhs tj V hjp
hjpoh–
oh–ss

gb mkl
gbm klh h str
strmmth
thlclch
hs aus
a ustt dh
d h gj
gjkkhgth
kkhgth`
`
tj ju
jurr `m
` mco
coyy oc
ocvh
vhs.
s. Um
Umou
ouhh gb
gbmmkl
klhh au
aust
st
oc ihwc
ocih wcsh
sh m``
m``rhss
rhss tj
t j tbh
t bh amtthrs
amtthrs tbmt
t bmt mrh
mrh
gojs
go jsh
h tj jur
j ur bh
b hmrt
rts,
s, tbmt
tbmt tbh
tb h gb
gbmmkl
klhh

aust stm
st mrt.
 

M gt je tbh
tsmgrcecgh
bh wco
w cooo mk` Whoe-

• tbh capoh
capo hahktm
ahktmtc
tcjk
jk je tbh
t bh st
strmth
rmthlc
lchhs
aust
au st dh mk
mk mgt je
j e wco
w coo.
o. Ce wh
w h w mkt
gb mkl
gbm klhh, wh au
austst `j ct
ct.. \h au
austst dh
rhm
rh m`y ejr trhah
trhahk`j
k`jusus sm
smgrc
grcecg
ecghh ‗
stmrtckl
stm rtckl wct
wctb
b jursh
j urshovh
ovhs.
s.
 

Wphgcecg
Wtrmthlchs> 
 

E jr @hvho
@ hvhojpc jpckl
kl
>

V mtr
mtrcc jt
jtcc s a mk
mk``
K mtc
mtcjkm
jkmoo V rc rc`h
`h
 

C`hjojly
=.
wh khh
khh` c`hjoj
c `hjojly
ly tbtbm
mt gm
g mk
suaajk
suaa jk moo jur
j ur rh
r hsjur
sjurgh
ghss ejr
e jr tbh
tb h
tmsi je
tmsi j e ocetc
oc etckl
kl km
kmtcj
tcjkm
kmoo ajrmoh
a jrmoh,,
prc`h
prc` h mk` prj`ug
prj `ugtcvc
tcvcty
ty
 

Bcstjry
m.\h bmvh
bmvh tj w rct
rcth
h mk` thm
thmgb
gb jur tru
truhh bc
bcstj
stjry
ry..
d .\h sbj
sbjuo`
uo` ckg
ckgou`
ou`h
h ck jur
j ur h`ugmtcj
h`ugmtcjk k tbh
tb h
msphgts jk
j k tbh
t bh pmst
pmst tbmt mrh
mrh stcoo
stco o prhsh
p rhshrvh
rvh dy

guotu rmoo gjaaukctch

guoturm gjaaukct chs. s.
g .\h gmk stmrt
stmrt ckst
c kstcoo
coockl
ckl km
k mtcj
tcjkm
kmoo prc`h
pr c`h dy
kurturckl gjaaukcty
gjaa ukcty prc`h ecrst.
 

Omklumlh
\h jul
julbt bt tj ush
u sh Ecoc
cocpck
pckjj ck jur guot
g uoturmo
urmo
mk` ck
ckth
thoo
oohhgtu
gtummo. Wja
Wjah h je jur
j ur

ukc
ukcvh
stm
st vhrsc
rsctchs
mrth` tchs mk`
`jckl mk` jtb
jtbh
t bcs,
tbcs hr ckstctu
, tbh ckst ctutc
prmgtcgh
prmgtcg tcjks
hjks bmvh
sbjuo`
sbj uo`
dh gjktck
gjkt ckuh
uh`` mk` hxpmk`h`.
 

H`ugmtcjk
m.\h aust pusb ejr tbh Ecocpckcz
Ecocpckczmmtcjk je tbh
hktc
ktcrh
rh h`ug
h`ugmmtcj
tcjkmo
kmo systha
sys tha
d .\h aus
austt bmvh vmouh ejr
ejramtcjk
amtcjk ckc k tbh
tb h sgb
sgbjjo
jjo
gurrcguoua
gurr cguoua mk` th thm
mgb prc`h
p rc`h ck dh
d hckl m Ecocpck
Ecocpckj.
j.
g .Octhrm
Octhrmturh
turh sbjuo` dh ush`
ush` tj ckstc
ckstcoooo km
k mtcjkmo

prc`h.
 

Prm`h mk`
mk ` Ck`ustry
Ck`ust ry
\h sbjuo` suppjrt tbh
‟duy Ecocpckj ajvhahkt‑
 

A h`c
h`cmm M `vhrtc
`vhrtcsc
sckl
kl
Xsh` mk` gj gjjr
jr`c
`ckmth
kmth wct
w ctbb IDV
I DV,, VMKM
mk` jtb
j tbhhr ah
a h`c
`cm
m mlh
lhkg
kgchs
chs ck `ce
` ceehrh
ehrhkt
kt
mgtcv
gtcvctc
ctch
hs mk`
mk` prjnhgts
pr jnhgts tbmt wcoo prjaj
pr jajthth
kmtcj
km tcjkm
kmoo prc`
p rc`h
h mk` pmpmtrc
trcjtc
jtcsa.
sa.
 

Ljvhrkahkt
=.
ohm`hrs sbjuo`
ohm`hrs sbju o` dh aj`hos je pjsctcvh
pjs ctcvh Ecocp
Ecocpckj
ckj trmcts.
t rmcts.
Pj prjajt
pr jajth
h kmtcjkmo ukcty
ukct y mk` ckth
ckt hlrmtcjk tbh
ljvhrkahkt aust
au st mtthapt
mtthapt m ojkl rmklh strmthly ejr
`hajgrmtcg trmksejramtcjk
trmksejr amtcjk ck Vbcocppckh
Vbcocpp ckh pjoctcgs.
pjoctcg s. Pbh
ljvhrkahkt aust au st gjkt
g jktckuh
ckuh mk`
mk` hvh
vhkk ckgr
c kgrh
hmsh cts
heejr
eejrtt tj
t j bm
b mvh ajrh ck`hphk`hkt
ck`hphk`hkt hgjkjacg
hgjkjac g strmth
st rmthlchs.
lchs.
 

@ hvho
hvhojpckl
jpckl m shksh je m gjaa jk
ljj` dy tbh ejoojw
ejoojwckl>
ckl>

=.Pbh ljvh
ljv hrk
rkahkt
ahkt
4.Kjk
jk--lj
ljvhrkahktm
vhrkahktmoo jr
jrlmkcz
lmkczm
mtc
tcjk
jks
s
7.Thococlc
lcjus
jus jr
jrlm
lmkc
kczzmtcj
tcjks
ks / aj
ajvh
vhahkts
ahkts
0.H`ugmtcjk
 

 Ejrmk`
`hvhojpckl ckthlrcty
mggjuktmdcocty 
=.Ljv
jvhhrk
rkah
ahkt
kt oh
ohmm`h
`hrs
rsbc
bcpp

strugturh/systha
4.H`ugmtcjk/trmckckl
 

Ejr `hvho
`hv hojpckl
jpckl @csg
@ csgcpo
cpockh
ckh mk`
B mr` wjri
=.Ck djtb
dj tb ljvh
l jvhrkahkt
rkahkt mk`
mk` prcvmth
p rcvmth ckstc
ckstctutcj
tutcjks
ks wh
wh
khh`
khh` tj>
tj >

m.Vjsc
jsctcv
tcvh
h gjk
gjktrj
trjos,
os, ihh
ihhp phrejramkgh
phrejr amkgh rhgjr`s
mk` am
a mckt
cktmmck rh
r hw mr` mk`
mk` rh
r hgjl
gjlkct
kctcjk
cjk syst
systhha.
 d .Lht rc` je
j e ushohss
ushohss mk` ahm
ahmkckl
kckloh
ohss
ss ruoh
ru ohs
s
 

=.\h jul
julbt
bt tj rhwmr` hxghoohkgh
hxghoohkgh ck wbmth
w bmthvh
vhrr Ecocp ckjs `j dy>
d y>
m.C`hktceyckl mk` amickl
amickl ikjw k ghkthrs
ghkthrs je hxghoohkgh ck tb h
Vbcocppckhs9
d.Ojj ickl ejr, `jguahktckl mk`
mk` p udocgczckl sugghss jr
hxghoohkgh stjrchs9
g. Thgjlk czckl mk` hkgju
hkgju rmlckl m`vhrtcshah
m`vhrtcshahkts
kts tbmt gjkvhy
tbh vmouh
vmouh je
j e hxghoohkgh
hxghoohkgh mk` `hpcgt pjsc
pjsctcvh
tcvh Ecocpckj
Ecocpck j vmouhs
`.Xsckl ah`cm tbmt wcoo gjaauk
g jaauk cgmth tj tb h amss
 

Ejrr @ hvhojpckl
Ej Whoe-
Whoe
mk` Mkmoysc -
M kmoyscssrheohgtc
rheo hgtcjk
jk

=.Thococlc
lcjk
jk//rh
rhoc
oclc
lcju
jus
s Ajv
Ajvhhah
ahkt
kt
4.Wamoo Lrjup/KLJ–s
7.Ljv
jvh hrk
rkah
ahkt kt Ohm
Ohm`h
`hrs
rsbc
bcp
p
 

PBCW CW AM GTCWPCKM
@ @CJOM THVJTPCKL
PBMKI SJX MK@
LJJ@ @ S…