Quiz 1 Dental materials 2

Give reasons

1-The manufacturer may add K2SO4 ( potassium sulphate ) to gypsum

product.

2- The use of B calcium sulphate hemi hydrate in plaster of Paris impression

material.***

3- The Use Of Wetting Agent In Gypsum.

4- setting expansion of gypsum product.

5- Gypsum products should be stored in sealed dry container.

6- no setting will occur when gypsum product mixing with boiling H2O.

7-18.6ml H2O can't be used for mixing 100 gm gypsum product.

8-The three different gypsum product differ in their properties
although they are chemically the same.

9-Different particle size, shape and porosity in gypsum products.

10-water Temperature is critical during mixing the gypsum product

11- W/P Ratio of gypsum product effect their strength.

12- over increasing the spatulation of the gypsum product not

recommended.

13- over mixing of gypsum product is not recommended.

14- decreasing the mixing time and rate within limits of gypsum
products lengthens the setting time.***

15- Decreasing W/P ratio during mixing gypsum product will

accelerate the setting time
16- Increasing W/P ratio during mixing gypsum product will retard the
setting time

17- Gypsum product require different W/P ratio during mixing .

18- The Effect Of W/P ratio on Setting Time

Answers :
1-The manufacturer may add K2SO4 ( potassium sulphate ) to gypsum product.

Thy increase the rate of solubility of hemihydrates in a given volume .

So, increasing the nuclei of crystallization in given volume thus more rapid
growth rate .

So, they accelerate the S.T.i.e. shorter S.T. or retard S.T (P. 6,3 rd
paragraph)

2- The use of B calcium sulphate hemi hydrate in plaster of Paris impression

material.*** P.13 (NB: in red)

3- The Use Of Wetting Agent In Gypsum.

Addition of wetting agent will reduce the amount of water needed to wet powder
particles thus decrease W/P ratio. This will decrease the amount of excess water
remaining in the set mass (which will evaporate) leaving less pores and stronger
product .

4- setting expansion of gypsum product.

Setting expansion can be explained on the basis of crystalline theory .

It is due to the thrust action of the growing crystals.(P. 7 , 3rd paragraph, line 6)

5- Gypsum products should be stored in sealed dry container.

The moisture may coat the hemihydrates particles , thus decreasing S.T #

6- no setting will occur when gypsum product mixing with boiling H2O.

Because the solubility of hemihydrates = the solubility of dehydrate (P.7 , 2 nd

paragraph , line 6)

7-18.6ml H2O can't be used for mixing 100 gm gypsum product.

This amount of water is theoretically needed to complete the reaction (bonded

water or water of crystallization. However , more water is needed practically for
each 100 gm of powder in order to produce homogenous workable mix (p4, 3rd
paragraph)
8-The three different gypsum product differ in their properties although they
are chemically the same. As they differ in the method of manufacture this leads
to: 1. Difference in particle size, shape, and form . 2. Different W/P ratio . they
differ in physical properties and their uses in dentistry

9-Different particle size, shape and porosity in gypsum products.

10-water Temperature is critical during mixing the gypsum product. (p7, 2 nd

paragraph )

11- W/P Ratio of gypsum product effect their strength. (p.8 4th paragraph )

12- over increasing the spatulation of the gypsum product not recommended.

(p.8 , 4th paragraph ) Over – mixing ….. est.

13- over mixing of gypsum product is not recommended.

(p.8 , 4th paragraph ) Over – mixing ….. est.

14- decreasing the mixing time and rate within limits of gypsum products
lengthens the setting time.***
decreasing the mixing time and rate within limits> will provide less nuclei of
crystallization in a given volume . so, less growing calcium sulfate dehydrate
crystals will occur . thus slow growth rate will be obtained . thus retardation of
S.T. i.e. longerr S.T. or increase S.T. (p. 6+7)

15- Decreasing W/P ratio during mixing gypsum product will accelerate the
setting time.

low W/P ratio

Low W/P ratio (thick mix) will lead to more powder in the mix , more nuclei of
crystallization in a given volume, so a lot of CaSO4 .2H2O crystals will be formed ,
so rapid growth rate . so acceleration S.T. , shorter S.T. or decrease S.T. (p6 .
indirect )

16- Increasing W/P ratio during mixing gypsum product will retard the setting
time . (p. 6, paragraph 6 direct)

17- Gypsum product require different W/P ratio during mixing .

Due to difference in the particle size, shape, and the porosity of each type
of gypsum product. (p.4)

18- The Effect Of W/P ratio on Setting Time. (p.6)

High W/P ratio

High W/P ratio (thin mix) will lead to less powder in the mix , less nuclei of
crystallization in a given volume , so few CaSO4.2 H2O crystals will be
formed . so, slow growth rate . so, retardation of S.T. , longer S.T. or
increase S.T.

low W/P ratio

Low W/P ratio (thick mix) will lead to more powder in the mix , more nuclei of
crystallization in a given volume, so a lot of CaSO4 .2H2O crystals will be formed ,
so rapid growth rate . so acceleration S.T. , shorter S.T. or decrease S.T. (p6 .
indirect )

- The impression should be washed before pouring the model.

To wash the blood and sliva that act as retarder for the setting of gypsum (model
material) (p.6)

- The hydrocolloid impression should contain an accelerator for gypsum

model.
Because the hydrocolloid will retard the setting time of gypsum product . (p.6)

- hygroscopic expansion in gypsum model . (p.8 2nd paragraph )

what is the role (Importance) of / clinical Significant

1-W/P ratio in setting time of gypsum product.***

2-Tera-alba in gypsum product.***

3-Particle size and shape in gypsum product.

4-Nuclei of crystallization of gypsum product

5-Fineness of the particles of the gypsum product

what will happen if

1-Over mixing of gypsum product.

2-Increasing of water temperature during mixing the gypsum product.

3-Moisture contamination occurred during storage of the gypsum products