Ch-13:Nuclei

Lect 01
 Today’s Goal

Nuclear Structure
➢ The positive charge & entire mass of atom is
concentrated at it’s centre called Nucleus.

➢ ratom ≈10-10 m ; rnucleus ≈10-15 m

➢ If atom → a normal Room

nucleus → pinhead

➢ In this chapter we will study properties of Nuclei,

such as their size, mass and stability and also nuclear
phenomena such as radioactivity, fission and fusion.
Nuclear Structure:
➢Nucleus is made up of protons & neutrons,these are
called nucleons

➢ Proton:
➢ Neutron:
➢ Atomic Number (Z) AND Mass Number (A)
 A:Mass Number
𝑨
𝒁𝑿 Z: Atomic Number
X:Element
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒
e.g :𝟔𝑪 𝑪
or 𝟔 𝑵
;𝟕 or𝟕𝑵
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟗 𝟗
𝟖𝑶 or 𝟖𝑪 ; 𝟒𝑩𝒆 or 𝟒𝑩𝒆
Classification of Nuclei-:
1. Isotopes: Atoms of an element whose nuclei have
same number of protons but different number of
neutrons
Note: Average Atomic Mass of Atom=
Q) Calculate Average Atomic Mass of Chlorine if it’s two
isotopes having Mass numbers 35 and 37 are found in the
ratio 75% to 25 %

a) 17.25 amu
b) 35.5 amu
c) 37 amu
d) 75 amu
2. Isobars: Atoms of different element whose nuclei
have same number of nucleons but different
number of protons & neutrons
3. Isotones: Atoms of different elements
whose nuclei have same number of neutron
Nuclear Shape,Size & Density

Shape:
Size:
Q) Calculate the nuclear radii of Cu63.5 , Ro=1.4 𝒇m

a) 4.2 𝒇m
b) 5.6 𝒇m
c) 6.4 𝒇m
d) 7.2 𝒇m
Nuclear Density:
Note:
1. Nuclear density is independent of Mass number A.
It is same for nuclei of all atoms.

2. Nuclear density is 1014 times more than that of water

103kg/m3
Q) Mass of Iron Nucleus= 55.85u and A=56. Find nuclear
density

a) 1.50 x 1017 kg/m3

b) 1.50 x 1014 kg/m3
c) 2.29 x 1017 kg/m3
d) 2.29 x 1014 kg/m3
 Web Version of PW App : https://physicswallah.live/

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