Questions For Final Exam

1.

Latin – french – germany – anglo saxon

give example

2.

( social – history)

Thuộc địa nhiều nước

Cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp Anh 1.0

Sau thế chiến II, Mỹ thành siêu cường nhiều lĩnh vực………..

3.

Phân chia rõ ràng, trình bày mạch lạc (có thể dùng bảng)

4.

English circle: mother tonges

……….

Spanish circle: 2nd language

5.

Early  give example

Old

……

6.

Định cư đầu tiên

Ngày độc lập của nước Mỹ

Trung thành nước Anh  chuyển sang Canada

7.

Nói tổng quát từ giai đoạn đầu  hiện tại

give example

8.

Chọn 1 lý do và giải thích

  Give example

9.

English: mother tonge

Englishes: global english ( nation use E is the 2 nd language)

 Give example

10.

Reason: global language,

11.

- ENL (English as a native language):

 The variety of the English language spoken by people who acquired English as their first
language or mother tongue. English as a Native Language (ENL) is commonly distinguished from
English as an Additional Language (EAL), English as a Second Language (ESL), and English as a
Foreign Language (EFL).

 Here are several examples: American English, Australian English, British English, Canadian
English, Irish English, New Zealand English, Scottish English, and Welsh English are examples of
native Englishes.

-English as a Foreign Language (EFL):

 The term used to describe the study of English by non-native speakers in countries where
English is not the dominant language. This is not to be confused with English as a Second
Language also called English as an Additional Language. Which is the practice of learning English
in a predominantly English-speaking country.

 For example: students learning English in Vietnam, for example, are termed EFL students
because English is not the country's official language.

-The term English as a lingua franca (ELF)

English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language as a global means of inter-community
communication and can be understood as "any use of English among speakers of different first
languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice and often the only option.

ELF refers to the teaching, learning, and use of English as a common means of communication (or
contact language) for speakers of different native languages. ELF is defined functionally by its use in
intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to native-speaker norms whereas
English as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to
native speaker cultural aspects.

Here are several examples: English is the contemporary worldwide commerce, education, science,
technology, diplomacy, entertainment, radio, seafaring, and aviation lingua franca. It has increasingly
overtaken French as the lingua franca of international diplomacy since the conclusion of World War I.
12.

- The standard language is a variety of language that is used by governments, in the media, in schools
and for international communication. In contrast, there are non-standard forms of a language that are
used, for example, in different regional dialects and these non-standard varieties are different from each
other.

 Standard English (SE) is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularisation and
is associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as
public service announcements and newspapers of record, etc.SE is local to nowhere: its
grammatical and lexical components are no longer regionally marked, although many of them
originated in different, non-adjacent dialects, and it has very little of the variation found in
spoken or earlier written varieties of English. Standard English is a dialect pre-eminently used in
writing that is largely distinguishable from other English dialects by means of its grammar.

 The term "Standard" refers to the regularisation of the grammar, spelling, usages of the
language and not to minimal desirability or interchangeability (e.g., a standard measure). All
linguistic features are subject to the effects of standardisation, including morphology,
phonology, syntax, lexicon, register, discourse markers, pragmatics, as well as written features
such as spelling conventions, punctuation, capitalisation and abbreviation practices.

- The variety of English with the largest number of native speakers is American English, with 225 million
native speakers. The other major varieties of English are Canadian English, Australian English, New
Zealand English, South African English and Indian English.

 There are many varieties of English spoken in the world. The oldest variety of English is British
English, spoken in the United Kingdom. Approximately 60 million people are native British
English speakers. The variety of English with the largest number of native speakers is American
English, with 225 million native speakers. The other major varieties of English are Canadian
English, Australian English, New Zealand English, South African English and Indian English. Some
linguists also recognize another classification of a variety of English known as World English. All
varieties of English share the same basic tenets of the language, but certain words, phrases or
linguistic constructs may differ. For instance, in British English, one says I’m going to hospital. In
American English one says I’m going to the hospital. In British English one may say he is going to
the cinema, in American English one says he is going to the movies, and in South African English,
the phrase is going to the bioscope.

 Varieties of English may be further divided into dialects such as Anglo-Cornish or Welsh English
in Great Britain, Gallah or Gulf Southern in the United States and Bengali English and Southern
Indian English in India. Whatever the variety or dialect, English speakers the world over may
communicate with each other, with only occasional gaps in understanding.

 Three dialects can be defined: Northern, Midland, and Southern. Each has its subdialects.