USE OF ENGLISH

Alona Yanovska
 Item, piece, unit, ingredient

Item /ˈaɪtəm/ - 1) one thing on a list of things to buy, do, talk about, etc.
2) a single, usually short, piece of news in a newspaper or magazine, or
on television

e.g. He opened the cardboard box and took out each item.
I also saw that news item in the Sunday Times.

Piece /piːs/ - a single thing of a particular type, or something that is one of

several similar things (usually piece of)

e.g. Pass me another piece of paper.

Unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ - a thing, person, or group that is regarded as one single whole
part of something larger

e.g. The family is the basic social unit of modern society.

Ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ - one of the things from which something is made,

especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish.

e.g. Our skin cream contains only natural ingredients.

Practice:

1. The only active in this medicine is aspirin.

2. The cell is the of which all living organisms are composed.
3. It was an interesting of research.
4. Our skin cream contains only natural .
5. She still has five on her to-do list.
6. After 1946 the British Government treated the four territorial divisions as
a single .
7. What's the next on the agenda?
 Cuisine, meal, dish, course

Cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ - the food served in a restaurant (usually an expensive

one)

e.g. The hotel restaurant is noted for its excellent cuisine.

Meal/miːl/ - an occasion when people eat food, especially breakfast, lunch or

dinner

e.g. Try not to eat between meals.

Dish /dɪʃ/ - 1) a flat shallow container for cooking food in or serving it from
2) food prepared in a particular way as part of a meal

e.g. Your pet's food dish.

This makes an excellent hot main dish.

Course /kɔːs/ - any of the separate parts of a meal

e.g. The main course was roast duck.

Practice:

8. We sampled the local .

9. I decided to cook his favourite .
10. We had chicken for our main .
11. Lunch is his main of the day.
12. What time would you like your evening ?
13. I can recommend the chef's of the day.
14. The hotel has a large dining room serving superb local .
 Look, see, watch, notice, glance, observe, regard
Look /lʊk/ - to turn your eyes in a particular direction
e.g. Look closely and tell me what you see.

See /siː/ - to become aware of somebody/something by using your eyes

e.g. She looked for him but couldn't see him in the crowd.

Watch /wɒtʃ/ - to look at somebody/something for a time, paying attention

to what happens

e.g. A large crowd watched the game on Saturday.

Notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/ - to see or hear somebody/something; to become aware of

somebody/something

e.g. People were making fun of him but he didn't seem to notice.

Glance /ɡlɑːns/ - to look quickly at something/somebody

e.g. He glanced around the room.

Observe /əbˈzɜːv/ - to see or notice somebody/something

e.g. Have you observed any changes lately?

Regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ - to look at somebody/something, especially in a particular

way

e.g. She regarded the mess with distaste.

Practice:
15. ‘Has the mail come yet?’ ‘I'll and see.’

16. I want you to all the details.

17. I began to something strange.

18. I looked out of the window but nothing.

19. His eyes continued to her steadily.

20. I up quickly to see who had come in.

 Task, course, duty

Task /tɑːsk/ - a piece of work that must be done, especially one that is difficult
or unpleasant or that must be done regularly.

e.g. Getting hold of this information was no easy task.

Course /kɔːs/ - 1) a series of lessons in a particular subject

2) a period of study in a particular subject, especially at university

e.g. I want to do a course in art and design.

What degree course did you choose?

Duty /ˈdjuːti/ - something that you have to do because it is morally or legally

right

e.g. Local councillors have a duty to serve the community.

Practice:
21. The first for the new leader is to focus on the economy.

22. He has failed in his to his client.

23. The new role involves a variety of specific .

24. He was able to design his own of study.

25. My boss has been on a this week.

26. The company owes a of care to its employees.

 Corner, angle, territory, side

Corner /ˈkɔːnə(r)/ - a part of something where two or more sides, lines or

edges join

e.g. I hit my knee on the corner of the table.

Angle /ˈæŋɡl/ - 1) the space between two lines or surfaces that join,
measured in degrees
2) a corner on the outside or inside of something

e.g. Draw a 130° angle in your notebooks.

It's a modern building, all brick and glass and sharp angles.

Territory /ˈterətri/ - 1) land that is under the control of a particular country

or political leader
2) an area that one person, group, animal, etc. considers as their own and
defends against others who try to enter it

e.g. They have refused to allow UN troops to be stationed in their territory.

Blackbirds will defend their territory against intruders

Side /saɪd/ - either of the two halves of a surface, an object or an area that is
divided by an imaginary central line

e.g. She was on the far side of the room.

Practice:
27. The vertical line makes an with the horizontal line.

28. The soldiers strayed into hostile .

29. There is a large window on either of the front door.

30. He scored with a shot into the bottom of the goal.

31. She tucked the ball into the of the net.

32. Keep on your of the bed!

 Comfortable, convenient, possible, necessary

Comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/- making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to

wear, sit on, etc.

e.g. It's such a comfortable bed.

Convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ - useful, easy or quick to do; not causing

problems

e.g. A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.

Possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ - that can be done or achieved

e.g. New technology has made it possible to communicate more easily.

Necessary /ˈnesəsəri/- that is needed for a purpose or a reason

e.g. It may be necessary to buy a new one.

Practice:
33. Radical change was a step for reform.

34. It's just not physically to finish all this by the end of the week.

35. Fruit is a source of vitamins and energy.

36. Let me slip into something more .

37. These new shoes are not very .

38. Would it be for me to leave a message for her?

39. When would be for a visit?

 Party, crew, staff

Party /ˈpɑːti/ - a group of people who are doing something together such as
travelling or visiting somewhere

e.g. The school is taking a party of 40 children to France.

Crew /kruː/ - all the people working on a ship, plane etc. except the officers
who are in charge

e.g. None of the passengers and crew were injured.

Staff /stɑːf/- the people who work at a school, college or university, but who
do not teach students

e.g. Students, faculty and staff were all men in those days.

Practice:
40. The of the plane instructed everyone to remain seated.

41. The theatre gives a 10 per cent discount to of more than ten.

42. The entire has done an outstanding job this year.

43. A small of four soldiers came into view.

44. A change of in Frankfurt.

45. Some of the wanted to turn back.

46. The were very helpful.

 Explain, question, demand, ask
Explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ - to tell somebody about something in a way that makes it
easy to understand

e.g. First, I'll explain the rules of the game.

Question /ˈkwestʃən/ - 1) a sentence, phrase or word that asks for

information
2) a matter or topic that needs to be discussed or dealt with

e.g. The short answer to your question is yes.

This is an issue that raises many important questions.

Demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ - a very strong request for something; something that

somebody needs

e.g. A federal judge rejected their demands.

Ask /ɑːsk/ - to say or write something in the form of a question, in order to

get information

e.g. Can I ask a question?

Practice:
47. The theory is not in detail.

48. The management had no intention of meeting union .

49. I had to myself some very difficult questions.

50. The case raises serious about the company's conduct.

51. Why does everyone keep me that?

52. That's a very interesting .

53. A ransom has been made for the kidnapped racehorse.

 Discover, invent, think, find

Discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ - to find somebody/something that was hidden or

that you did not expect to find

e.g. We discovered this beach while we were sailing around the island.

Invent /ɪnˈvent/ - to say or describe something that is not true, especially in

order to trick people

e.g. What excuse did he invent this time?

Think /θɪŋk/ - to have a particular idea or opinion about

something/somebody; to believe something

e.g. Do you really think (that) he'll win?

Find /faɪnd/ - to discover somebody/something unexpectedly or by chance

e.g. We've found a great new restaurant near the office.

Practice:
54. They a car abandoned on top of the cliff.

55. Many children an imaginary friend.

56. We'll need about 20 chairs, I should .

57. She was dead at her home in Leeds.

58. It was better than I possible.

59. We this beach while we were sailing around the island.

60. I did not have to any tales about my past.

 Serve, supply, carry, provide

Serve /sɜːv/ - (of an amount of food) to be enough for somebody/something

e.g. This dish will serve four hungry people.

Supply /səˈplaɪ/ - an amount of something that is provided or available to be

used

e.g. Advances in agriculture increased the food supply.

Carry /ˈkæri/ - to support the weight of somebody/something and take them

or it from place to place; to take somebody/something from one place to another

e.g. The plane was carrying 122 passengers and five crew.

Provide /prəˈvaɪd/ - to give something to somebody or make it available for

them to use

e.g. The exhibition provides an opportunity for local artists to show their work.

Practice:
61. She her baby in her arms.

62. She did not any evidence to substantiate the claims.

63. She us a delicious lunch.

64. Demand for skilled labour outstrips .

65. Please answer questions in the space .

66. The injured were away on stretchers.

67. We cannot guarantee adequate of raw materials.

 Simple, light, basic, natural

Simple /ˈsɪmpl/ basic or plain without anything extra or unnecessary

e.g. We had a simple meal of soup and bread.

Light /laɪt/ - a particular type of light with its own colour or qualities
e.g. A cold, grey light crept under the curtains.

Basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ - of the simplest kind or at the simplest level

e.g. My knowledge of French is pretty basic.

Natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ - existing in nature; not made or caused by humans

e.g. All the materials used are natural.

Practice:
68. The scene is bathed in an artificial yellow .

69. I'm going to ask you a few questions.

70. The accommodation is but spacious.

71. My hair soon grew back to its colour.

72. The engine design is elegantly .

73. The clothes are available in warm colours.

74. They are only 18 watt but give a equal to old-style 100 watt
bulbs.
 Change, replace, remove, balance
Change /tʃeɪndʒ/ - to become different
e.g. We examined changing attitudes towards education.

Replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ - to remove somebody/something and put another person

or thing in their place

e.g. He was replaced as party leader in 1967.

Remove /rɪˈmuːv/ - to take somebody/something away from a place

e.g. Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.

Balance /ˈbæləns/ - a situation in which different things exist in equal,

correct or good amounts

e.g. Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.

Practice:
75. He his hand from her shoulder.

76. He will be difficult to when he leaves.

77. Things have dramatically since then.

78. Try to keep a between work and relaxation.

79. It is not a good idea to miss meals and them with snacks.

80. the pan from the heat and continue to stir the sauce.

81. It is important to keep the different aspects of your life in .

 Absolutely, definitely, certainly, hardly

Absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ - used to emphasize that something is completely

true

e.g. He made it absolutely clear.

Definitely /ˈdefɪnətli/- 1) a way of emphasizing that something is true and

that there is no doubt about it
2) in a way that is certain or that shows that you are certain

e.g. I definitely remember sending the letter.

The date of the move has not been definitely decided yet (= it may change).

Certainly /ˈsɜːtnli/ - without doubt

e.g. I certainly hope we can do this again.

Hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ - almost no; almost not; almost none

e.g. We hardly know each other.

Practice:
82. At the time, I spoke any French.

83. Do you plan to have children?’ ‘ not!'

84. , the early years are crucial to a child's development.

85. Don't delay for longer than necessary.

86. I had seen my father since that day.

87. If you want to know more I'd recommend checking out this
guide .

88. She was attractive but you couldn’t call her beautiful.
 Fare, fee, payment, money

Fare /feə(r)/ - the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc.
e.g. When do they start paying full fare?

Fee /fiː/ - an amount of money that you pay for professional advice or services
e.g. The school fees are expected to rise again next year.

Payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ - the act of paying somebody/something or of being

paid

e.g. There will be a penalty for late payment of bills.

Money /ˈmʌni/ - what you earn by working or selling things, and use to buy
things

e.g. The money is much better in my new job.

Practice:
89. How much is there in my account?

90. Students take out loans to cover tuition .

91. They asked for in advance.

92. I'm afraid you will have to pay the full .

93. There will be a penalty for late of bills.

94. Can you lend me some until tomorrow?

95. Customers pay an annual for the service.

 Facility, ability, duty, effort

Facility /fəˈsɪləti/ - a natural ability to learn or do something easily

e.g. He plays the piano with surprising facility.

Ability /əˈbɪləti/ - the fact that somebody/something is able to do something

e.g. This program has the ability to adapt to its user.

Duty /ˈdjuːti/ - tasks that are part of your job

e.g. The princess has taken on her mother's official duties.

Effort /ˈefət/ - an attempt to do something especially when it is difficult to do

e.g. I didn't really feel like going out, but I am glad I made the effort.

Practice:
96. Your will include greeting visitors and answering the phone.

97. She has an uncanny to predict what consumers will want.

98. Please make an to be on time.

99. She has a for languages.

100. I spend a lot of time on administrative .

101. A gentle form of exercise will increase your to relax.

102. We decided to concentrate our on the home study market.

103. He played with great .

 Aim, goal, intention, ambition, success

Aim /eɪm/ - to try or plan to achieve something

e.g. He has always aimed high

Goal /ɡəʊl/ - something that you hope to achieve

e.g. My job is to help businesses meet their goals.

Intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ - what you intend or plan to do; your aim

e.g. I have no intention of going to the wedding.

Ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ - something that you want to do or achieve very much

e.g. She had fulfilled her lifelong ambition.

Success /səkˈses/ - the fact that you have achieved something that you want
and have been trying to do or get

e.g. The company has achieved considerable success in this market.

Practice:
104. Initially the venture enjoyed a fair amount of .

105. I have every of paying her back what I owe her.

106. The team is for the top this season.

107. Our ultimate must be the preservation of the environment.

108. Don't try to for perfection.

109. I tried a second time, but without .

110. Their was to eradicate malaria.

111. The Prime Minister declared her to remain in office despite

declining support.

112. He had only one in life.

 Manage, run, operate, undertake

Manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ - to control or be in charge of a business, a team, an

organization, land, etc.

e.g. I think that Forestry Tasmania manages the forest.

Run /rʌn/ - run something to be in charge of a business, campaign, etc.

e.g. Stop trying to run my life (= organize it) for me.

Operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ - to manage a business, organization or service

e.g. He started and operated a successful technology business.

Undertake /ˌʌndəˈteɪk/ - to make yourself responsible for something and

start doing it

e.g. University professors both teach and undertake research.

Practice:
113. The shareholders want more say in how the company is .

114. The company has announced that it will a full investigation

into the accident.

115. The airline currently flights to 25 countries.

116. The units in some areas are poorly maintained and badly .

117. By last year, the chain was 388 stores in 47 states.

118. We need people who are good at .

119. Both candidates have a good campaign.

 Skill, quality, qualification, experience

Skill /skɪl/ - the ability to do something well

e.g. The job requires skill and an eye for detail.

Quality /ˈkwɒləti/ - the standard of something when it is compared to other

things like it; how good or bad something is

e.g. Improving the quality of care for nursing home residents is a priority.

Qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ - a skill or type of experience that you need for

a particular job or activity

e.g. What qualifications do radio presenters require?

Experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ - the knowledge and skill that you have gained
through doing something for a period of time; the process of gaining this

e.g. My lack of practical experience was a disadvantage.

Practice:
120. This new approach draws on years of of teaching children to
read.

121. We have seen a marked improvement in the of service

provided.

122. Previous teaching experience is a necessary for this job.

123. What made him remarkable as a photographer was his in

capturing the moment.

124. I have over ten years’ as a teacher.

125. When costs are cut product suffers.

126. She plays the part with great .

 Assistant, staff, colleague, employee

Assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ - a person who helps or supports somebody, usually in

their job

e.g. My assistant will now demonstrate the machine in action.

Staff /stɑːf/ - all the workers employed in an organization considered as a

group

e.g. The hospital staff cared for me so well.

Colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ - a person that you work with, especially in a profession

or a business

e.g. We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.

Employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ - a person who is paid to work for somebody

e.g. They have eight full-time and two part-time employees.

Practice:
127. A partnership can also improve morale.

128. There are 12 full-time researchers plus technicians and other support
.

129. He was working as a special to the president.

130. He is in charge of hiring and firing .

131. I work part-time as a classroom in my local primary school.

132. The company has a good reputation for training.

133. Scientists are now working with in Arizona to develop a

working model.
 Control, deal with, manage, cooperate

Control /kənˈtrəʊl/ - the power to make decisions about how a country, an

area, an organization, etc. is run

e.g. The party expects to gain control of the council in the next election.

Deal with - to take appropriate action in a particular situation or according to

who you are talking to, managing, etc.

e.g. She is used to dealing with all kinds of people in her job.

Manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ - to control or be in charge of a business, a team, an

organization, land, etc.

e.g. I think that Forestry Tasmania manages the forest

Cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ - to work together with somebody else in order to

achieve something

e.g. The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.

Practice:
134. They had closely in the planning of the project.

135. The Democrats have lost of Congress.

136. The founders eventually regained of the company.

137. The units in some areas are poorly maintained and badly .

138. You have not fairly me.

139. The two companies are in the development of a new engine.

140. We need people who are good at .

 Success, profit, income, progress

Success /səkˈses/ - the fact that you have achieved something that you want
and have been trying to do or get

e.g. The company has achieved considerable success in this market.

Profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ - the money that you make in business or by selling things,
especially after paying the costs involved

e.g. Future lawyers could study this text with profit.

Income /ˈɪnkʌm/ - the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. earns
from work, from investing money, from business, etc.

e.g. Average household income fell slightly.

Progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ - the process of improving or developing, or of getting

nearer to achieving or completing something

e.g. We will continue to monitor progress over the next few months.

Practice:
141. Net for the year was $43m.

142. Police are making significant in fighting computer crime.

143. The club may turn a (= make a profit) by the end of the year.

144. Initially the venture enjoyed a fair amount of .

145. Some low-paid workers supplement their with second jobs.

146. The directors are driven only by the motive.

147. Their plan will probably meet with little .

 Mean, item, way, method

Mean /miːn/ - to have something as a meaning in the same or another

language

e.g. The word ‘Kuching’ means ‘cat’ in Malay.

Item /ˈaɪtəm/ - one thing on a list of things to buy, do, talk about, etc.
e.g. What's the next item on the agenda?

Way /weɪ/ - a method, style or manner of doing something

e.g. I prefer to do things the easy way.

Method /ˈmeθəd/ - a particular way of doing something

e.g. Which method is the most effective?

Practice:
148. That's no to speak to your mother!

149. Developing new to keep insects out of food packages is

critical.

150. There is a maximum score of two points per test .

151. Infectious diseases can be acquired in several .

152. Many languages use a single word to both music and dance.

153. This is the best of settling such arguments.

154. What's the next on the agenda?

 Ability, opportunity, property, feature
Ability /əˈbɪləti/ - the fact that somebody/something is able to do something
e.g. People with the disease may lose their ability to communicate.

Opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ - a time when a particular situation makes it

possible to do or achieve something

e.g. You'll have the opportunity to ask any questions at the end.

Property /ˈprɒpəti/ - a thing or things that are owned by somebody; a

possession or possessions

e.g. Be careful not to damage other people's property.

Feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ - something important, interesting or typical of a place or

thing

e.g. An interesting feature of the city is the old market.

Practice:
155. This building is government .

156. I've added some new to my website.

157. At least give him the of explaining what happened.

158. This program has the to adapt to its user.

159. There are a number of special included on the disc.

160. There’ll be plenty of for relaxing once the work is done.

161. She has an uncanny to predict what consumers will want.

 Educate, learn, teach, study
Educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ - to teach somebody over a period of time at a school,
university, etc.

e.g. All their children have been educated privately.

Learn /lɜːn/ - to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience, from

being taught, etc.

e.g. He had the opportunity to learn English in Australia.

Teach /tiːtʃ/ - to give lessons to students in a school, college, university, etc.;

to help somebody learn something by giving information about it

e.g. She teaches at our local school.

Study /ˈstʌdi/ - the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from

books or by examining things in the world

e.g. It is important to develop good study skills.

Practice:
162. Schools should children about healthy eating.

163. Students do a foundation year before specializing in their chosen field of

.

164. You can a great deal just from watching other players.

165. Physiology is the of how living things work.

166. He for several years before becoming a writer.

167. He was at his local comprehensive school and then at

Oxford.

168. Today we how to use the new software.

 Audience, spectator, viewer, sightseer

Audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ - the group of people who have gathered to watch or

listen to something (a play, concert, somebody speaking, etc.)

e.g. The audience was/were clapping for 10 minutes.

Spectator /spekˈteɪtə(r)/ - a person who is watching an event, especially a

sports event

e.g. The new football stadium will hold 75 000 spectators.

Viewer /ˈvjuːə(r)/ - a person watching television or a video on the internet

e.g. The programme attracted millions of viewers.

Sightseer /ˈsaɪtsɪə(r)/ - a person who is visiting interesting buildings and

places as a touris

e.g. Oxford attracts large numbers of sightseers.

Practice:
169. We encourage participation during our show.

170. A crowd of had gathered on the street across from the

burning houses.

171. The average American TV spends five hours a day watching

the small screen.

172. Thousands of lined the route of the royal procession.

173. The debate was televised in front of a live .

174. BBC saw the prime minister lose his cool on last night's
‘Question Time’.

175. The stadium will seat 60 000 .

 Voyage, trip, travel, journey

Voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ - a long journey, especially by sea or in space

e.g. The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.

Trip /trɪp/ - a journey to a place and back again, especially a short one for
pleasure or a particular purpose

e.g. We had to make several trips to bring all the equipment over.

Travel /ˈtrævl/ - to go from one place to another, especially over a long

distance

e.g. We always travel first class.

Journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ - an act of travelling from one place to another, especially

when they are far apart

e.g. Many refugees made the journey alone.

Practice:
176. We went on a to the mountains.

177. The ship was badly damaged during the from Plymouth.

178. Don't use the car for short .

179. The ship completed her maiden in May.

180. They organize short bike .

181. She took her sister with her to keep her company on the .

182. They on the bus to and from work together.

 View, sight, image, scene

View /vjuː/ - what you can see from a particular place or position, especially
beautiful countryside

e.g. There were magnificent views of the surrounding countryside.

Sight /saɪt/ - the ability to see

e.g. She has very good sight.

Image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ - a picture, photograph or statue that represents

somebody/something

e.g. Most simple leaflets will include text and images.

Scene /siːn/ - an event or a situation that you see, especially one of a

particular type

e.g. The team's victory produced scenes of jubilation all over the country.

Practice:
183. An exhibition of of St Nicholas is on display in the cathedral.

184. The disease has affected her .

185. The from the top of the tower was spectacular.

186. She witnessed some very distressing .

187. The visual is steadily replacing the written word.

188. It's important that you have regular tests.

189. The cottage had a delightful sea .

 Borrow, lend, hire, rent

Borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ - to take and use something that belongs to somebody else,
and return it to them at a later time

e.g. Can I borrow your umbrella?

Lend /lend/ - to give something to somebody or allow them to use something

that belongs to you, which they have to return to you later

e.g. They will lend equipment free of charge.

Hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ - to give somebody a job

e.g. The government is encouraging employers to hire disabled people.

Rent /rent/- an amount of money that you regularly pay so that you can use a
house, room, etc.

e.g. I earn just about enough to pay the rent.

Practice:
190. Has he returned that book you him?

191. He does the and firing in our company.

192. Members can up to ten books from the library at any one
time.

193. How much do you pay for this place?

194. Can you me your car this evening?

195. We only want to permanent staff.

196. I'll some coffee off the neighbours.

 Bargain, worth, tip, charge

Bargain /ˈbɑːɡən/ - a thing bought for less than the usual price
e.g. The car was a bargain at that price.

Worth /wɜːθ/ - having a value in money, etc.

e.g. Our house is worth about £100 000.

Tip /tɪp/ - a small amount of extra money that you give to somebody, for
example somebody who serves you in a restaurant

e.g. He gave the waiter a generous tip.

Charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ - the amount of money that somebody asks for goods and
services

e.g. We have to make a small charge for refreshments.

Practice:
197. That second-hand table was a real .

198. The company will deliver free of .

199. He left the waitress a large .

200. How much is this painting ?

201. What's that $30 on your credit card bill?

202. If you answer this question correctly, it's five points.

203. There are no in the clothes shops at the moment.

 Loan, debt, deposit, instalment

Loan /ləʊn/ - money that an organization such as a bank lends and somebody
borrows

e.g. It took three years to repay my student loan

Debt /det/ - a sum of money that somebody owes

e.g. They had incurred debts of over $1 million.

Deposit /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ - a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger
payment

e.g. They normally ask you to pay $100 (as a) deposit.

Instalment /ɪnˈstɔːlmənt/ - one of a number of payments that are made

regularly over a period of time until something has been paid for

e.g. We paid for the car by/in instalments.

Practice:
204. He had to use his house as security for the .

205. I've finally cleared all my .

206. We've put down a 5% on the house.

207. The loan can be repaid in 24 monthly .

208. The bank almost collapsed under the weight of bad .

209. They had incurred of over $1 million.

210. The shop said it would reserve the rug for him if he paid £20 as a
.
 House, home, lodge, accommodation

House /haʊs/ - a building for people to live in, usually for one family
e.g. We live in a two-bedroom house.

Home /həʊm/ - the house or flat that you live in, especially with your family
e.g. Old people prefer to stay in their own homes.

Lodge /lɒdʒ/ - a small house in the country where people stay when they
want to take part in some types of outdoor sport

e.g. A mountain lodge used by climbers.

Accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ - a place to live, work or stay in

e.g. Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.

Practice:
211. The family is staying in temporary until their house is
rebuilt.

212. While travelling she missed the comforts of .

213. The building plans include much needed new office .

214. The refugees were in old army barracks.

215. It was so hot outside we stayed in the .

216. His children were upset when he sold the family .

217. We need to build more in a way that respects the needs

of the environment.
 Elderly, out-of-date, antique, ancient

Elderly /ˈeldəli/ - used as a polite word for ‘old’

e.g. She is very busy caring for two elderly relatives.

Out-of-date /ˌaʊt əv ˈdeɪt/ - old-fashioned or without the most recent

information and therefore no longer useful

e.g. Suddenly she felt old and out of date.

Antique /ænˈtiːk/ - old and often valuable

e.g. Jacobs collects antique fountain pens.

Ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ - very old; having existed for a very long time
e.g. He's ancient—he must be at least fifty!

Practice:
218. The Japanese art of origami.

219. These figures are very .

220. Her parents are quite now. (polite)

221. The area is still covered by huge forests.

222. Public rooms include a cosy old fashioned bar and a magnificent
salon with piano, overlooking the garden.

223. The local council provides services to care for people living
at home. (polite)
 Pitch, track, court, ring, rink
Pitch /pɪtʃ/ - an area of ground specially prepared and marked for playing a
sports game

e.g. The rugby tour was a disaster both on and off the pitch

Track /træk/ - the sport of running on a track

e.g. He loves sports and participates in track and basketball.

Court /kɔːt/ - a place where games such as tennis and basketball are played
e.g. He won after only 52 minutes on court.

Ring /rɪŋ/ - an area in which animals or people perform or compete, with

seats around the outside for the audience

e.g. He retired from the ring at 34.

Rink /rɪŋk/- a specially prepared area of ice that you can skate
e.g. It includes never-before-seen footage away from the rink, comments from
players and game highlights.

Practice:
224. Well, every federal prison has a running .

225. Just like going into the with weighted gloves.

226. After the game fans invaded the .

227. A permanent 5-inch thick ice is created at the beginning of

the hockey season.

228. Here a number of , we will leave it to ours.

229. Do you prefer playing tennis on grass or hard courts?

230. He was the best player on the today.

231. An indoor volleyball .

 Engine, motor, machine
Engine /ˈendʒɪn/ - the part of a vehicle that produces power to make the
vehicle move

e.g. My car had to have a new engine.

Motor /ˈməʊtə(r)/- a device that uses electricity, petrol, etc. to produce

movement and makes a machine, a vehicle, a boat, etc. work

e.g. Batteries power the motor.

Machine /məˈ∫iːn/ - a piece of equipment with many parts that work together
to do a particular task. The power used to work a machine may be
electricity, steam, gas, etc. or human power.

e.g. Machines have replaced human labour in many industries.

Practice:
232. An electric is used to pump the water.

233. What make of are they using?

234. The runs on diesel.

235. They have installed a new coffee in the staff room.

236. One of the wheels is fitted with an electric .

237. Their helicopter had developed trouble.

 Rule, law, justice, right
Rule /ruːl/ - a statement of what may, must or must not be done in a
particular situation or when playing a game

e.g. She laid down strict rules for her tenants, including prompt payment of rent.

Law /lɔː/ - a rule that deals with a particular crime, agreement, etc.
e.g. There ought to be a law against it!

Justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ - the fair treatment of people

e.g. He pledged to seek justice for the victims of the tragedy.

Right /raɪt/ - correct in your opinion or judgement

e.g. They're absolutely right to be cautious.

Practice:
238. She spent her life fighting for social and equality for women.

239. The company's actions violated the on equal employment.

240. You were quite about the weather.

241. You can't just change the to suit yourself.

242. They are demanding equal rights and .

243. Am I in thinking we've met before?

244. The government has introduced some tough new on food

hygiene.
 Quiz, game, competition, fight

Quiz /kwɪz/ - a competition or game in which people try to answer questions

to test their knowledge

e.g. The quiz will be a team event organized by the local school.

Game /ɡeɪm/ - an activity that you do to have fun, often one that has rules
and that you can win or lose; the equipment for a game

e.g. The children invented a new game.

Competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ - an event in which people compete with each

other to find out who is the best at something

e.g. Hundreds of schools entered the competition.

Fight /faɪt/ - to take part in a war or battle against an enemy

e.g. They fought for control of the island.

Practice:
245. Chess is a of skill.

246. My grandfather against the Fascists in Spain.

247. She's won a prestigious singing .

248. The kids were playing a with their balloons.

249. I encouraged her to enter the essay .

250. Many African American soldiers for the Union.

251. The magazine publishes a once a month.

 Agree, accept, admit, approve

Agree /əˈɡriː/ - to have the same opinion as somebody; to say that you have
the same opinion

e.g. You can't expect them to agree on everything.

Accept /əkˈsept/ - to take willingly something that is offered; to say ‘yes’ to

an offer, invitation, etc.

e.g. It was pouring with rain so I accepted his offer of a lift.

Admit /ədˈmɪt/ - to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true

e.g. It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.

Approve /əˈpruːv/ - to think that somebody/something is good, acceptable

or suitable

e.g. Do you approve of my idea?

Practice:
252. He asked me to marry him and I .

253. ‘That's true’, she .

254. Don't be afraid to to your mistakes.

255. She doesn't of me leaving school this year.

256. Please our sincere apologies.

257. I totally with you!

258. I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn't .

 Although, so, however, even though

Although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ - used for introducing a statement that makes the main
statement in a sentence seem surprising

e.g. Although the sun was shining, it wasn't very warm.

So /səʊ/ - used, often with a negative, before adjectives and noun phrases to
emphasize something that you are saying

e.g. That is so not cool.

However /haʊˈevə(r)/ - used to introduce a statement that contrasts with

something that has just been said

e.g. He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.

Even though - despite the fact that

e.g. I like her, even though she can be annoying at times.
 Corridor, path, lane, aisle

Corridor /ˈkɒrɪdɔː(r)/ - a long narrow passage in a building, with doors that

open into rooms on either side

e.g. His room is along the corridor.

Path /pɑːθ/ - a way or track that is built or is made by the action of people
walking

e.g. Follow the path through the woods.

Lane /leɪn/ - a narrow road in the country

e.g. We drove along a muddy lane to reach the farmhouse.

Aisle /aɪl/ - a passage between rows of seats in a church, theatre, train, etc., or
between rows of shelves in a supermarket

e.g. She looked radiant as she walked down the aisle on her father’s arm.

Practice:
259. We cycled for miles along winding country .

260. They walked along the cliff to the next town.

261. Portraits line the of the palace.

262. Coffee and tea are in the next .

263. We drove down winding country on the journey to York.

264. I walked nervously up the garden towards the front door.

265. The runs down the middle of the building.

 Rob, steal, cheat, shoplift

Rob /rɒb/ - to steal money or property from a person or place

e.g. The gang had robbed and killed the drugstore owner.

Steal /stiːl/ - to take something from a person, shop, etc. without permission
and without intending to return it or pay for it

e.g. We found out he'd been stealing from us for years.

Cheat /t∫iːt/ - to trick somebody or make them believe something that is not
true

e.g. She is accused of attempting to cheat the taxman.

Shoplift /ˈʃɒplɪft/ - to steal goods from a shop by deliberately leaving without

paying for them

e.g. At least she only robbed bins and doorsteps, she didn't shoplift.

Practice:
266. Many people feel by the election process.

267. I'll report you to the police if I catch you again.

268. The tomb had been of its treasures.

269. She was caught trying to a pair of jeans.

270. Customers were by unscrupulous retailers.

271. My wallet was .

272. The tourists were of their bags.

 Damage, injury, pain, wound, ache
Damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ - physical harm caused to something which makes it less
attractive, useful or valuable

e.g. The accident caused no permanent damage.

Injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ - harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body, for example in

an accident

e.g. He was lucky to escape injury.

Pain /peɪn/ - the feelings that you have in your body when you have been
hurt or when you are ill

e.g. She was clearly in a lot of pain.

Wound /wuːnd/ - an injury to part of the body, especially one in which a hole
is made in the skin using a weapon

e.g. The nurse cleaned the wound.

Ache /eɪk/ - to feel a continuous pain that is not severe

e.g. I'm aching all over.

Practice:
273. This could result in serious or even death.
274. You get more and as you get older.
275. She suffered minor brain at birth.

276. There were no in the crash.

277. He died from the he had received to his chest.

278. Her eyes from lack of sleep.

279. The earthquake caused to property estimated at $6

billion.

280. Can you feel any ?

281. The animal died from an infected .
 Attack, knock, hit, beat

Attack /əˈtæk/ - an act of using violence to try to hurt or kill somebody

e.g. The recent series of deadly terrorist attacks on European cities.

Knock /nɒk/ - to hit a door, etc. in order to attract attention

e.g. He knocked three times and waited.

Hit /hɪt/ - to bring your hand, or an object you are holding, against
somebody/something quickly and with force

e.g. I was afraid he was going to hit me.

Beat /biːt/ - to hit a person hard and many times in order to hurt them
e.g. At that time children were regularly beaten for quite minor offences.

Practice:
282. He the nail squarely on the head with the hammer.

283. Five people were killed in the that took place last night.

284. I on the door and went straight in.

285. She him with her umbrella.

286. Somebody was on the window.

287. Two teenagers carried out a frenzied on a local shopkeeper.
288. The men took him out into the street and him senseless.
 Secure, defend, protect, save
Secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ - to protect something so that it is safe and difficult to
attack or damage

e.g. Have you properly secured your computer from viral attack?

Defend /dɪˈfend/ - to protect somebody/something from attack

e.g. The role of the military is to defend the country.

Protect /prəˈtekt/ - to introduce laws that make it illegal to kill, harm or

damage a particular animal, area of land, building, etc.

e.g. Polar bears have been protected by law in Norway since 1973.

Save /seɪv/ - to keep somebody/something safe from death, harm, loss, etc.
e.g. She needs to win the next two games to save the match.

Practice:
289. It is impossible to against an all-out attack.

290. We must all do everything we can to our borders.

291. Doctors were unable to her.

292. All our officers are trained to themselves against knife

attacks.

293. Many of these sites—of immense scientific interest—are not legally

.
294. If you really want to the planet, sell your car.
295. She started a campaign to her business.
 Worry, annoy, trouble, doubt

Worry /ˈwʌri/ - to annoy or upset somebody

e.g. The noise never seems to worry her.

Annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ - to make somebody slightly angry

e.g. His constant joking was beginning to annoy her.

Trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ - a problem, worry, difficulty, etc. or a situation causing this

e.g. He could make trouble for me if he wanted to.

Doubt /daʊt/ - a feeling of being uncertain about something or not believing

something

e.g. New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.

Practice:
296. It me to see him getting ahead of me.

297. He was starting to have some serious .

298. He could make for me if he wanted to.

299. Don't keep him with a lot of silly questions.

300. There is some about the best way to do it.

301. The only is we won't be here then.

302. It really me when people forget to say thank you.

 Catch, win, achieve, receive

Catch /kætʃ/ - to see someone doing something that they did not want you to
know they were doing

e.g. Gemma turned around and caught the stranger looking at her intently.

Win /wɪn/ - to achieve or get something that you want, especially by your own
efforts

e.g. They are trying to win support for their proposals.

Achieve /əˈt∫iːv/ - to be successful

e.g. These students need to achieve academically in order to enter the labour
market.

Receive /rɪˈsiːv/ - to experience or be given a particular type of treatment or

attention

e.g. Her work has not received the attention it deserves.

Practice:
303. The company has a contract to supply books and materials
to schools.
304. All our staff training on dealing with customers.
305. Their background gives them little chance of at school.

306. I him reading my private letters.

307. We have overwhelming support from the local community.

308. She the admiration of many people in her battle against

cancer.

309. We knew he’d been cheating, but we’d never him at it

before.
 Словничок синонімів

Good - excellent, amazing, wonderful, pleasant, marvelous, fantastic, super, terrific,

splendid

Bad - awful, disagreeable, mean, lousy, terrible, unpleasant, wretched, rotten

Happy - cheerful, joyful, untroubled, delighted, satisfied

Sad - depressed, blue, out of sorts, downcast, sorrowful

Big - huge, giant, enormous, massive, stupendous

Little - small, tiny, compact

Pretty - beautiful, cute, neat, striking, handsome, good looking

Ugly - hideous, frightful, frightening, horrible

New - fresh, unique, original, unusual, novel, modern, current, recent

Lazy - indolent, slothful, idle, inactive, sluggish

Interesting - fascinating, engaging, bright, intelligent, animated, spirited, attractive,

inviting, intriguing, provocative, challenging, inspiring, involving

Boring - tedious, monotonous, uninspiring, tiresome

Energetic - lively, spirited, tireless, bouncy, full of beans

Tired - worn out, weary, burnt out, exhausted

Trouble - distress, anguish, anxiety, worry, pain, danger

Important - necessary, essential, vital, critical

 Key to exercises

1) ingredient 25) course 49) ask

2) unit 26) duty 50) questions

3) piece 27) angle 51) asking

4) ingredients 28) territory 52) questions

5) items 29) side 53) demand

6) unit 30) corner 54) found

7) item 31) corner 55) invent

8) cuisine 32) side 56) think

9) dish 33) necessary 57) discovered

10) course 34) possible 58) through

11) meal 35) convenient 59) discovered

12) meal 36) comfortable 60) invent

13) dish 37) comfortable 61) carried

14) cuisine 38) possible 62) provide

15) look 39) convenient 63) served

16) observe 40) crew 64) supply

17) notice 41) parties 65) provided

18) saw 42) staff 66) carried

19) regard 43) party 67) supplies

20) glanced 44) crew 68) light

21) task 45) party 69) basic

22) duty 46) staff 70) simple

23) tasks 47) explained 71) natural

24) course 48) demands 72) simple

73) natural 98) effort 123) skill

74) light 99) facility 124) experience

75) removed 100) duties 125) quality

76) replace 101) ability 126) skill

77) changed 102) efforts 127) employee

78) balance 103) facility 128) staff

79) replace 104) success 129) assistant

80) remove 105) intention 130) employees

81) balance 106) aiming 131) assistant

82) hardly 107) goal 132) staff

83) definitely 108) aim 133) colleagues

84) certainly 109) success 134) cooperated

85) absolutely 110) goal 135) control

86) hardly 111) intention 136) control

87) definitely 112) ambition 137) managed

88) certainly 113) run 138) dealt with

89) money 114) undertake 139) cooperating

90) fees 115) operates 140) managing

91) payment 116) managed 141) income

92) fare 117) operating 142) progress

93) payment 118) managing 143) profit

94) money 119) run 144) success

95) fee 120) experience 145) income

96) duties 121) quality 146) profit

97) ability 122) qualification 147) success

148) way 173) audience 198) charge

149) methods 174) viewers 199) tip

150) item 175) spectators 200) worth

151) ways 176) trip 201) charge

152) mean 177) voyage 202) worth

153) method 178) journeys 203) bargains

154) item 179) voyage 204) loan

155) property 180) trips 205) debts

156) features 181) journey 206) deposit

157) opportunity 182) travelled 207) instalments

158) ability 183) images 208) loans

159) features 184) sight 209) debts

160) opportunity 185) view 210) deposit

161) abiliy 186) scenes 211) accomodation

162) teach 187) image 212) home

163) study 188) sight 213) accomodation

164) learn 189) view 214) lodged

165) study 190) lent 215) house

166) taught 191) hire 216) home

167) educated 192) borrow 217) houses

168) learnt 193) rent 218) ancient

169) audience 194) lend 219) out-of-date

170) sightseers 195) hire 220) elderly

171) viewer 196) borrow 221) ancient

172) spectators 197) bargain 222) antique

223) elderly 248) game 273) injury

224) track 249) competition 274) aches

225) ring 250) fought 275) damage

226) pitch 251) quiz 276) injuries

227) rink 252) accepted 277) wounds

228) track 253) agreed 278) ached

229) courts 254) admit 279) damage

230) pitch 255) approve 280) pain/ache

231) court 256) accept 281) wound

232) motor 257) agree 282) hit

233) machine 258) approve 283) attacks

234) engine 259) lanes 284) knocked

235) machine 260) path 285) hit

236) electric 261) corridors 286) knocking

237) engine 262) aisle 287) attack

238) justice 263) lanes 288) beat

239) law 264) path 289) defend

240) right 265) corridor 290) secure

241) rules 266) cheated 291) save

242) justice 267) stealing 292) defend

243) right 268) robbed 293) protected

244) laws 269) shoplift 294) save

245) game 270) cheated 295) save

246) fought 271) stolen 296) annoys

247) competition 272) robbed 297) doubts

298) trouble

299) worrying

300) doubt

301) trouble

302) annoys

303) won

304) receive

305) achieving

306) caught

307) received

308) won

309) caught