ROTODYNAMIC PUMPS

Rotodynamic Pumps

PUMP

Rotodynamic Positive displacement

Centrifugal

Rotary Reciprocating
Axial flow

Mixed flow
Gear Piston

Turbine

Lobe Diaphragm

Sliding Vane Plunger

Screw
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Axial and Mixed Flow Pumps are the normal choice for
high-volume, low-pressure pumping duties and
particularly for large-scale primary water supplies, flood
control, irrigation and drainage. Such types are available in
a wide range of sizes and capacities.
It is a general characteristic of such pumps that the power
input curve is much flatter than that of a centrifugal
pump, thus input power demand does not vary very much
with the working point. Hydraulic performance, however,
differs appreciably.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Axial flow pumps generate head pressure through an axial
motion developed by a combination of propeller and
internal vane design. The combination induces fluids to
travel strictly along the axial of the pump drive shaft.
The mixed flow pump employs a chamber /impeller /vane
design to impart both an axial and radial motion to fluids
traveling downstream.
This powerful motion is created by lifting the fluids with an
impeller, while simultaneously forcing fluids out against the
bowl like impeller chamber.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

The outward movement known as an upper diffuser
section. By combining axial and centrifugal motion, the
mixed flow pump generates greater head pressure to
downstream fluids than is possible with a single motion
axial pump.
These differences are noted in the generated comparative
H-Q curve.
 η ,HP,
Hd

Q
η ,HP,
Hd

Q
Rotodynamic Pumps

η ,HP,
Hd

Q
η ,HP,
:Axial and Mixed flow

Hd

Q
η ,HP,
Hd

η ,HP,
Hd
Q
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

In the case of a mixed flow pump,
the H-Q curve tends to be steep,
with the point of maximum efficiency
displaced towards maximum
capacity.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

The H-Q curve of an axial flow pump
has substantial falling characteristics
although the actual head obtainable
is much lower.

Efficiency is higher over a greater

(percentage) range of head than for
a centrifugal pump.
Rotodynamic Pumps

Driver Head
shaft
:Axial and Mixed flow
Discharge

:General form Seal

elbow

Axial and mixed flow pumps are

commonly mounted vertically, Pump
Column
assembly
directly over a sump. This is most shaft

often the case when the source of

water is a river or reservoir. Impeller

Bowls
Fluids enter through a flared suction
bell that has been reinforced by
heavy vanes. Suction
bell
Rotodynamic Pumps

Driver Head
shaft
:Axial and Mixed flow
Discharge

:General form Seal

elbow

The vanes, in addition to lending

support to the suction bell, act to Pump
Column
assembly
direct the liquid flow parallel to the shaft

drive shaft as it travels upstream.

Impeller
Once past the suction bell, fluids
encounter either an axial propeller or Bowls

a mixed flow impeller.

Suction
bell
Rotodynamic Pumps

Driver Head
shaft
:Axial and Mixed flow
Discharge

:General form Seal

elbow

While differing in design, both are

always dynamically balanced, one- Pump
Column
assembly
piece castings, mounted on a shaft

stainless steel pump shaft.

Impeller

Bowls

Suction
bell
Rotodynamic Pumps

Driver Head
shaft
:Axial and Mixed flow
Discharge

Driver: Seal
elbow

The drive shaft may be encased in a

tube or open, with supports properly Pump
Column
assembly
spaced for intermediate shaft shaft

bearings. Positive drive is provided

by a heavy-duty drive key and thrust Impeller

collar. Bowls

A variety of drivers may be used,

however, electric motors and right
Suction
angle gears are most common. bell
Rotodynamic Pumps

Driver Head
shaft
:Axial and Mixed flow
Discharge

Driver: Seal
elbow

These types of drivers can be

grouped into two categories: Pump
Column
assembly
shaft
1. Hollow shaft drivers - the pump
shaft extends through a tube in the
center of the rotor and is connected Impeller

to the driver by a clutch assembly at Bowls

the top of the driver.

Suction
bell
Rotodynamic Pumps

Driver Head
shaft
:Axial and Mixed flow
Discharge

Driver: Seal
elbow

These types of drivers can be

grouped into two categories: Pump
Column
assembly
shaft
2. Solid shaft drivers - the rotor
shaft is solid and projects below the
driver-mounting base. This type Impeller

driver requires an adjustable Bowls

coupling between the pump and

driver. Suction
bell
Rotodynamic Pumps

Driver Head
:Axial and Mixed flow shaft

Column assembly: Seal

Discharge
elbow

The column assembly is of two basic

types, either of which may be used Column
on close coupled units: Pump
shaft
assembly

Impeller

Bowls

Suction
bell
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Column assembly:
The column assembly is of two basic
types, either of which may be used
on close coupled units:
1. Open line shaft construction
utilizes the liquid being pumped to
lubricate the line shaft bearings.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Column assembly:
The column assembly is of two basic
types, either of which may be used
on close coupled units:
2. Enclosed line shaft construction
has an enclosing pipe around the
line shaft and utilizes oil, grease or
injected liquid to lubricate the line
shaft bearings.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Column assembly:
The column assembly will consist of
column pipe, which connects the
bowl assembly to the discharge
head and carries the pumped liquid
to the discharge head, the shaft,
which connects the bowl assembly
to the discharge head, the head
shaft, which connects the line shaft
to the driver.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Column assembly:
Column pipe may be either threaded
or flanged and may contain bearings
if required for the particular unit.
Note: Some units will not require a
:Note
column assembly, having the bowl
assembly connected directly to the
discharge head.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Discharge head assembly:
The column assembly is of two basic
types, either of which may be used
on close coupled units:
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Discharge head assembly:
The discharge head supports the
driver and bowl assembly as well as
supplying a discharge connection
(the underground discharge
connection will be located on one of
the column pipe sections below the
motor stand).
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Discharge head assembly:
A shaft sealing arrangement is
located in the discharge head to seal
the shaft where it leaves the liquid
chamber. The shaft seal will usually
be either a packing box or
mechanical seal assembly.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Bowl assemblies:
The bowl assembly consists of
impellers rigidly mounted on the
bowl shaft, which rotate and impart
energy to the fluid.
The bowls (or diffusers) contain the
fluid at increased pressure and direct
it vertically to the next stage and
eventually to the column pipe.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Bowl assemblies:
The suction bell or case directs the
fluid into the first stage impeller.
Bearings are located in the suction Impeller
bell, discharge case, and between
each impeller.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Bowl assemblies:
The rotating element is mounted in
an individual housing, which is
usually replaceable and situated just
above the section bell, close to the Impeller
pump inlet.
The housing may be bronze,
stainless steel or any other material
similar to?the
Why
impeller.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Bowl assemblies:
The same resistance to shock.
? Why
The same thermal extension.
To keep a clearance between Impeller
impeller and casing as
designed (performance of the
pump).
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Bowl assemblies:
After emerging from the housing,
fluids travel past an upper diffuser
chamber and out through the guide
case.
The guide case, consisting of a
column pipe and discharge elbow is
of welded steel plate or cast iron.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Bowl assemblies:
Sections are flanged or bolted
together.
A registered fit is used to maintain
proper alignment on all mated parts.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:Axial and Mixed flow

Pullout options:
Pullout options, which make for
easier maintenance and inspection,
are a common feature of these
pumps, the best designs permit
removal of the entire bowl assembly
(including all rotating parts, diffuser,
impeller housing and suction bell)
through the outer shell, without
disturbing either the discharge or
floor plate connections.
Rotodynamic Pumps

Channel impeller pumps:

A channel impeller pump employs an impeller with
turbine-type blades mounted on the periphery running in
an annular channel (or channels) surrounding the
periphery of the wheel.
In practice, only two main subtypes emerge, known
generally as the peripheral pump and side channel pump
respectively.
Rotodynamic Pumps

Channel impeller pumps:

The main difference is in the form and positioning of the
channels:
The peripheral pump has a double-sided channel in which
the liquid circulates, this channel being located partly in
the cylindrical part of the casing and partly in the side
plates.
The side-channel pump has two channels cut in the side
plates only, adjacent to each side of the impeller blades.
Rotodynamic Pumps

Channel impeller pumps:

Characteristics are quite different, eg the side-channel
pump is self-priming and can develop a much higher
head, although its efficiency is lower. Hence, the two are
distinct types.
The peripheral pump is also known as a regenerative
pump.
Rotodynamic Pumps

Channel impeller pumps:

Peripheral
H-Q
Efficiency

HEAD,BHP & Efficiency

BHP

100%

Capacity
Rotodynamic Pumps

Channel impeller pumps:

Side-channel
H-Q

BHP
HEAD,BHP & Efficiency
Efficiency

100%

Capacity
 Rotodynamic Pumps

Channel impeller pumps:

Peripheral Side-channel
H-Q

H-Q
Efficiency

HEAD,BHP & Efficiency BHP

HEAD,BHP & Efficiency
Efficiency
BHP

100% 100%

Capacity Capacity
Rotodynamic Pumps

Channel impeller pumps:

Regenerative pumps have a
substantially straight and
sleep H-Q curve.
Pressure developed tends to Centrifugal

rise sharply with decreasing

capacity making this type
HEAD
Axial flow

unsuitable for discharge Regenerative

regulation by throttling. Power Axial flow

output falls with increasing Capacity

capacity.
Rotodynamic Pumps

PUMP

Rotodynamic Positive displacement

Centrifugal

Rotary Reciprocating
Axial flow

Mixed flow
Gear Piston

Turbine

Lobe Diaphragm

Sliding Vane Plunger

Screw
Rotodynamic Pumps

:(Turbine pumps (Regenerative

Turbine pumps obtain their
name from the many vanes
machined into the periphery of
the rotating impeller. Heads
over 900 feet are readily
developed in a two-stage
pump.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:(Turbine pumps (Regenerative

The impeller, which has very
tight axial clearance and uses
pump channel rings, displays
minimal recirculation losses.
The channel rings provide a
circular channel around the
blades of the impeller from the
inlet to the outlet.
Rotodynamic Pumps

:(Turbine pumps (Regenerative

Liquid entering the channel
from the inlet is picked up
immediately by the vanes on
both sides of the impeller and
pumped through the channel
by the shearing action. The
process is repeated over and
over with each pass imparting
more energy until the liquid is
discharged .