Material Code

Balanced Hybrid Couplers

Recommended If XPIC and HSB

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Release date 2018-01-20

Huawei Technology
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 Content

1 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 4
2 Network Topology when XPIC and HSB are used ...................................................... 5
3 HSB Switching in a Typical Case .................................................................................... 5
4 Why Balanced Hybrid Couplers Do Not Cause Repeated HSB Switching ............ 6
5 Application of Unbalanced and Balanced Hybrid Couplers ..................................... 6
1 Summary

Principles of XPIC
The IF board that supports the XP IC function receives and processes the signals in the horizontal
and vertical polarization directions. Hence, the original signals can be recovered from the interfered
signals.

Figure 1 Realization principle of the XPIC

The realization principle is as follows:

1. The transmitter transmits two co-frequency signals over a horizontal polarization wave and a
vertical polarization wave.

2. Due to the XP D of the antenna and channel degradation, cross-polarization interference is

generated in the signals received by the ODU and thus results in the cross -polarization
interference in the IF signals transmitted fr om the ODU to the IF board that supports the
XP IC function.

3. The XP IC module of the IF board that supports the XP IC function receives the IF signal from
the ODU and the IF signal from the other IF board that supports the XP IC function, and
processes the IF signals, for example, performs A/D conversion.

4. The XPIC module of the IF board that supports the XP IC function controls the coefficient of the
feed forward equalizer filters (FFF) of the two IF signals by using the decision feedback
equalizer (DFE). As a result, after the two IF signals are filtered and combined, the
interference is cancelled in the two IF signals.

Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation

Cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) technology is used toget her with co-channel
dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the wireless link
capacity over the same channel.
CCDP transmission adopts both the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave
on one channel to transmit two channels of signals. Ideally, for CCDP transmissions, there will not
be any interference between the two orthogonal signals although they are on the same frequency.
In actual practice, despite the orthogonality of the two signals, interference between the signals
inevit ably occurs due to cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antenna and channel
degradation. To cancel the interference, XP IC technology is used to receive signals horizontally
and vertically. The signals in the two directions are then processed and the original signals are
recovered from interfered signals.
 2 Network Topology when XPIC and HSB are used

3 HSB Switching in a Typical Case

Case: In the horizontal direction, the IFX_HW1 or ODU 1 is faulty.

Procedure 1: As shown in the figure, HSB switching is triggered in the horizont al (H) Direction, and
services are switched from the IFX_HW1 to the IFX_HP 1.
Procedure 2: As shown in the below figure, the IFX_VW1 in the vertical (V ) direction may detect the
XP IC_LOS or MW_LOF alarm.
Procedure 3: As shown in the below figure, the IFX_VW1 in the V direction det ects the
XP IC_LOS or MW_LOF alarm in 30 cons ecutive seconds and triggers HSB switching.
Services then switched from the IFX_VW1 to the IFX_VP1.
I. Unbalanced hybrid couplers used :

If coupling on the secondary branch is 6 dB, the transmit power and receive power of ODU 2
drop by approximat ely 5 dB after HSB switching.

In the right figure, the RS L of the IFX_HW2 (in the H direction) drops by 5 dB, and the XP I
drops by approximately 5 dB. As a result, services may be interrupted.

In the left figure, the RS L of the IFX_HP1 (in the H direction) drops by 5 dB. As a result,
services may be int errupted.

II. Balanced hybrid couplers used

After HSB switching, the RSL and XP I remains unchanged because attenuations on the active
and standby radio links are the same.

Different between Balanced & unbalanced hybrid couplers:

6 dB unbalanced hybrid couplers used on the four working radio links, the RSL drops by
approximately 5 dB, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) drops too. As a result, services may be
interrupted.

Balanced hybrid couplers used

After HSB switching, the XP I remains unchanged.

4 Why Balanced Hybrid Couplers Do Not Cause Repeated HSB Switching

If 1+1 protection is used, the active IF board is selec ted as the working board, if possible.

HSB switching is triggered only by hardware faults, and therefore repeated switching does not
occur even if the RS Ls on the active and standby radio links are the same

5 Application of Unbalanced and Balanced Hybrid Couplers

I. When XPIC is not used:

Balanced hybrid couplers are recommended if signals are selectively received (for
example, FD or SD prot ection is used).
Unbalanced hybrid couplers are recommended if hardware backup is used (for
example, HSB protection is used).

II. When XPIC is used:

Unbalanced hybrid couplers are not recommended because they may cause
decreased or unbalanced XP I (in the horizontal and vertical directions).