ANNEXURE Safty

ANNEXURE - I

THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 ( AMENDED 1987 ), 1948

THE THIRD SCHEDULE
(See section 89 and 90)
List of notifiable diseases
1. Lead poisoning including poisoning by any preparation or compound of lead
or their sequelae.
2. Lead tetra-ethyl poisoning.
3. Phosphorous poisoning or its sequelae.
4. Mercury poisoning or its sequelae.
5. Manganese poisoning or its sequelae.
6. Arsenic poisoning or its sequelae.
7. Poisoning by nitrous fumes.
8. Carbon bisulphide poisoning.
9. Benzene poisoning, including poisoning by any of its homologues, their nitro
or amido derivatives or its sequelae.
10. Chrome ulceration or its sequelae.
11. Anthrax.
12. Silicosis.
13. Poisoning by halogens or halogen derivatives of the hydrocarbons, of the
aliphatic series.
14. Pathological manifestation due to : -
(a) radium or other radioactive substances.
(b) X-rays.
15. Primary epitheliomatous cancer of the skin.
16. Toxic anaemia.
17. Toxic jaundice due to poisonous substances.
18. Oil acne or dermatitis due to mineral oils and compounds containing mineral
oil base.
19. Byssionosis.
20. Asbestosis.
21. Occupational or contact dermatitis caused by direct contract
with chemical and paints. These are of types, that is, primary irritants and
allergic sensitizers.
22. Noise induced hearing loss (exposure to high noise levels).
23. Beryllium poisoning.
24. Carbon monoxide.
25. Coal miners' pneumoconiosis.
26. Phosgene poisoning.
27. Occupational cancer.
28. Isocyanides poisoning.
29. Toxic nephritis.

EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE ACT, 1948

THE THIRD SCHEDULE
LIST OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
PART A

Sl.No. Occupational disease Employment

1. Infectious and a) All work involving exposure to
parastic diseases health or laboratory work;
contracted in an b) All work involving exposure to
occupation where veterinary work;
there is a particular c) Work relating to handling animals,
risk of contamination. animals carcasses, part of such
carcasses, or merchandise which
may have been contaminated by
animals or animal carcasses;
d) Other work carrying a particular
risk of contamination.
2. Diseases caused by All work involving exposure to the
work in compressed risk concerned.
air.
3. Diseases caused by All work involving exposure to the
lead or its toxic risk concerned
compounds.
4. Poisoning by nitrous All work involving exposure to the
fumes. risk concerned
5. Poisoning by All work involving exposure to the
organphosphorus risk concerned
compound
PART B


1. Diseases caused by phosphorus All work involving exposure to
or toxic compounds. the risk concerned
2. Diseases caused by mercury or All work involving exposure to
its toxic compounds. the risk concerned
3. Diseases caused by benzene or All work involving exposure to
its toxic homologues. the risk concerned
4. Diseases caused by nitro and All work involving exposure to
amino derivatives of benzene or the risk concerned
its homologues.
5. Diseases caused by chromium or All work involving exposure to
6. Diseases caused by arsenic or its All work involving exposure to
toxic compounds. the risk concerned
7. Diseases caused by radioactive All work involving exposure to
substances and ionising the reaction of radioactive
radiations. substances or ionising
radiations.
8. Primary epithelomatous cancer of All work involving exposure to
the skin caused by tar, pitch the risk concerned
bitumen, mineral oil, anthracene
or the compounds, products or
residues of these substances
9. Diseases caused toxic halogen All work involving exposure to
derivatives by hydrocarbons (of the risk concerned
the aliphatic and aromatic series).
10. Diseases caused by carbon All work involving exposure to
disulphide. the risk concerned
11. Occupational cataract due to All work involving exposure to
infra-red radiations. the risk concerned
12. Diseases caused by manganese All work involving exposure to
or its toxic compounds. the risk concerned
13. Skin diseases caused by All work involving exposure to
physical, chemical or biological the risk concerned
agents not include in other items.
14. Hearing impairment caused by All work involving exposure to
noise. the risk concerned
15. Poisoning by dinitrophenol or a All work involving exposure to
homologue or by substituted the risk concerned
dinitrophenol or by the salts of
such substances.
16. Diseases caused by beryllium or All work involving exposure to
17. Diseases caused by cadmium or All work involving exposure to
18. Occupational asthma caused by All work involving exposure to
recognised sensitising agents the risk concerned
inherent to the work process.
19. Diseases caused by fluorine or its All work involving exposure to
toxic compounds. the risk concerned
20. Diseases caused by All work involving exposure to
nitroglycerine or other nitroacid the risk concerned
esters.
21. Diseases caused by alcohols and All work involving exposure to
ketones. the risk concerned
22. Diseases caused by asphyxiants; All work involving exposure to
carbon monoxide, and its toxic the risk concerned
derivatives, hydrogen sulphide.
23. Lung cancer and mesotheliomas All work involving exposure to
caused by asbestos. the risk concerned
24. Primary neoplasm of the epithelial All work involving exposure to
lining of the urinary bladder or the the risk concerned
kidneys or the ureter.

PART C


1. Pneumoconiosis caused by All work involving exposure to
sclerogenic mineral dust the risk concerned
(silicosis, anthraoosilicosis
asbestosis) and silico-
tuberculosis provided that
silicosis is an essential factor
in causing the resultant
incapacity or death.
2. Bagassosis All work involving exposure to
the risk concerned
3. Bronchopulmonary diseases All work involving exposure to
caused by cotton, flax hemp the risk concerned
and sisal dust (Byssinosis)
4. Extrinsic allergic alvoelities All work involving exposure to
caused by the inhalation of the risk concerned
organic dusts.
5. Bronchopulmonary diseases All work involving exposure to
caused by hard metals. the risk concerned

INTRODUCTION

In the present era of globalization and opening up of the Indian economy, there is a
flow of new technology, products and resources to India. This influx with the modem
technology is also bringing with it associated problems. The problems are more
complex when the issue of management of safety, health and environment is
concerned. This necessitates designing of newer policies and programmes. For the
management of occupational safety and health through various instruments, such as,
policies and programmes, it becomes essential to base these instruments on sound
footing. This requires an assessment of the present status of occupational safety and
health in the country. Presently information in this area is not up-to-date and readily
available for the policy makers. A national inventory on capabilities and management
of occupational safety and health will be of great help for designing and implementing
various instruments to protect the safety and health of the large work force working in
various sectors of the economy. India is a large country and building up such an
inventory would be a monumental task and therefore needs to be done in a phased
manner keeping in mind the various constraints.

India is a member of the International Labour Organisation and has ratified a number
of ILO conventions. As a result, major part of the ILO Code of Practice on Recording
and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases is being followed along with
the Indian Standard IS-3786, which is on the similar lines of the ILO Code of Practice.
However, there is a delay at the unit level as well as at the district level on the part of
the industrial organizations and enforcing agencies in collection, processing and
dissemination of the information

As such a pilot project was taken up for the state of Kerala with the objective to collect
and compile various information on occupational safety and health and dissemination
of information regarding extent of compliance with the important provisions under the
Factories Act, 1948 and the rules framed there under including system of recording
and notification of occupational accidents and diseases as per the ILO Code of
Practice at the unit and the state level.

Maharashtra is one of the state of the project. This is the most industrially advanced
state. This project work has been conducted by the Safety Division of Central Labour
Institute, Mumbai under the guidance of the Director General, DGFASLI and the
assistance £Tom the Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health, Maharashtra. The
activities of the project have been divided in the following categories:

i) Background information about the State of Maharashtra : Deals with the
demographic and geographic characteristics of the State of Maharashtra,
population in different districts and major occupations of the people.

ii) Economic Activities: Deals with the various aspects of economic sectors in
the state, their value of production, employment generated and contribution to
the GDP.

iii) Activities in manufacturing sector: Deals with the different activities carried
out in the manufacturing sector as per the National Industrial Code, value of
production, employment generation, etc.

iv) Occupational injuries and diseases: Deals with the analysis of the
occupational injuries - fatal and non-fatal and cases of occupational diseases
in the manufacturing sector.

v) Management of occupational Safety and Health: Deals with the
infrastructure and resources available in the unit level and at the state level for
managing the crucial issue of occupational safety and health.

vi) Resources available and needed for the management of occupational
safety and health: Based on the analysis of occupational injuries and
diseases and the capabilities available in the state of Maharashtra for the
management of occupational safety and health, an attempt is made to assess
the resources required for the better management of occupational safety and
health.

For the data collection, the task force made field visit of the state capital
Mumbai and the industrial area around it during January 2004 to September,
2004. The information pertaining to various economic sectors was collected by
visiting each of the departments, having detailed discussions with the
respective heads and referring to the annual returns available for the year 2001
of these departments. The information related with the manufacturing sectors
were collected from the annual returns submitted by the factories covered
under the Factories Act, 1948. The data related to the occupational injuries and
diseases were analyzed by studying the accident forms and recording them on
to the data sheets specifically designed for this purpose. The industry-wise,
cause-wise details of accidents were obtained by developing suitable software
for the purpose. The annual returns from the factories were also analyzed
using suitable software.

For the assessment of infrastructure available and capabilities of the
organizations institutions and agencies engaged in safety and health, the
profile programme on the similar lines as that developed by ILO was used

Data collection and analysis was completed in specific time frame because of
active co-operation from various people involved with the project.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. INTRODUCTION
Under the Bombay Re-organization Act, 1960, Maharashtra came into

existence on May 1, 1960 with the predominant Marathi speaking areas of
Hyderabad (Marathawada) and Madhya Pradesh (Vidarbha) constituting the
new State.The state is surrounded by the Arabian sea in the west, by Gujarat
in the north east, Madhya Pradesh in the north, Andhra Pradesh in the south-
east, and Karnataka and Goa in the south.
2. DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
The total population of Maharashtra is 9.67 crores (as per Census 2001), out of
which 5.03 crores are males and 4.64 crores are females. The sex ratio
(number of females per 1000 males) is 922. Maharashtra is the second highest
literate major state in India having a literacy rate of 77.3%.
2.2.1 Towns and Villages:The State of Maharashtra has a total number of 43722 villages,
which includes all the districts in the state. The total number of towns is 378 in the state. It is
shown in the table below:
TABLE – 1
1 Revenue Divisions 06
2 Districts 35
3 Tahsils 353
4 Inhabited villages 43722
5 Towns 378
Source Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2001-02
Reference Period : 2001
2.2.2 Area and Population
The total area of the state is about 308000 sq. km. and has a population of
about 96812000, as per the 2001 census. The density of population is 315 per
sq. km. with male population of 50334000 and female 46478000. The rural
population is 55778000, which is more than the urban population of 41101000
(which is 36.87% of the total population). Number of main workers was found
to be 3 1006000. The Birth Rate (per thousand) was 20.7, Death Rate 7.5 (per
thousand) and Infant Mortality Rate was 45.00 in the year 200] (per thousand
of live birth) as revealed in the table below:
TABLE-2
1 Area (in lakh Sq. Km) 3.08
2 Population (in crores) 9.68
3 Density (per Sq. Km) 314
4 Male Population (in crores) 5.03
5 Female Population (in crores) 4.64
6 Rural Population (in crores) 5.57

7 Urban Population (in crores) 4.11
8 No. of main workers (thousand) 31006
9 Birth Rate (Per thousand) 20.70
10 Death Rate (Per thousand) 7.50
Infant Mort. Rate (Per thousand live

11 45.00
birth)
Source : Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2003-04
Reference Period : 2001
2.2.3 Agriculture
The State has a total reporting area of 307583 hundred hectares. The area under
forest was 52176 hundred hectares. The net area for cultivation comes to 176310
hundred hectares. It is shown in Table-3.TABLE- 3
Area in Hundred Hectares
1 Total Reporting Area 307583
2 Area Under Forest 52176
3 Land not available for cultivation 17222
4 Permanent pastures and other grazing land 13410
Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves

5 2454
not included in the net area sowed
17631
6 Net area sown
0
7 Area sown more than once 47621

8 Gross cropped area 224047
9 Gross Area irrigated (thousand hectares) 3647
1
% of Gross irrigated to gross cropped area 16.4
0
Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2003-04 Commissioner of Agriculture,

Maharashtra State
Reference Period : 2001-02
2.24 Manufacturing Industries
28324 Factories were registered under the Factories Act, 1948 as on 31 December,
2001 with 1201000 workers employed. The total number of Small Scale Units in the
year 2001 was 138000.
TABLE- 4
1 No. of Factories Registered under Factories Act 28324
2 Estimated average No. of daily workers employed in 120100

regd. Factories 0
3 NO.of S.S.Ind.Regd. with Ind. Deptt. 13 8000
Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2001-02
Reference Period 2001
2.2.5 Power Generation
Electricity is one of the crucial inputs in the process of economic development.

The performance of all important sectors in the economy, ranging from
agriculture to commerce and industry, depends vitally on the availability, cost
and quality of power. Since Maharashtra is highly industrialized and urbanized
state in the country, the demand for electricity in the state is very high.
In Maharashtra, power is supplied by various agencies. Maharashtra State

Electricity Board (MSEB) plays the most significant role in the generation and
distribution of power in the state. Apart from MSE, licensees like, Tata Electric
and Bombay Suburban Electric Supply (BSES) Companies have been
permitted to generate and distribute electricity in certain areas. Besides, the
state also receives power from Central Government Power Projects as its
share.
The installed capacity of electricity generation in 2001-02 was 12963 MW.
TABLE - 5A Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation
Type of Generation (MW)
A In the State
I Thennal 8075
11 Hydro 2875
III Natural gas 1820
IV Nuclear (State's share) 190
12963
B State's share in NTPC/NPC 2185
Total (A + B) 15148
Source :Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03
Reference Period: As on 31-3-2002
TABLE - 5 – B
Generation of Electricity
Million (KWH)
Type 2000-01 2001-02

1 Thermal 49377 52647
2 Hydro 4889 4979
3 Natural Gas 6943 5235
4 Nuclear 1097 1138
5 Others ll 139
Total 62,317 64,138
TABLE-5- C
Consumption of Electricity

Type 2000-01 2001-02 % Change

1 Domestic 11172 11901 6.53
2 Commercial 4105 4393 6.99

Industrial 18363 17435 (-)5.05
3
4 Agriculture 9940 8730 (-)12.17
5 Public Lighting 551 648 17.54
6 Railways 1581 1640 3.73
7 Public Water Works 1199 1224 2.11
8 Miscellaneous 378 367 (-)2.94
Total 47,289 46,338 (-)2.01

Reference Period: 2001
MSEB received total revenue (excluding subsidy) of Rs.12702 crore during 2001 02
and the total expenditure during this period was Rs.13241 crore.
2.2.6 Literacy and Education
The literacy rate. in the state was 77.3 % which stands as second major
literate state in the country. The males were 86.3% and females 67.5% in the
total literacy rate.
TABLE - 6A

Area
Census 2001

Persons Males Females

Total 77.3 86.3 67.5

Rural 70.8 82.2 59.1
Source:
Urban 85.8 91.4 79.3 Economic Survey of
Maharashtra, 2001-02
Reference
Period :2001
Education plays an important role in the economic development of the national as well
as the state.
Below mentioned Table 6-B reflects the increasing number of students and teachers in
different levels of education
TABLE - 6B
Number of Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools and
Enrolment in Maharashtra
(Teachers and Enrolment in thousand)
Number (2001
Type of Educational Institutions
-02)
1 Primary
1 Schools 66369

2 Enrolment 12065 I
3 Teachers 314
2 Secondary
1 Schools 15070

2 Enrolment 8145
3 Teachers 226
3 Higher Secondary (Std. XI & XII)
1 Schools I Jr. Colleges 3981

2 Enrolment 1485
3 Teachers 32
Reference Period: 2001
TABLE - 6C
Number of Technical Colleges/Institutions in the State and

their In Capacity for the year 2001-02

Institution Capacity

Engineering

Diploma 184 33270

Graduate 140 41000

Post Graduate 32 2076

Architecture

Graduate 31 1277

Post Graduate 2 32
Management Science
84 5960

Hotel Management & Catering Technology 8 420

Pharmaceutical Science

Diploma 68 3920

Graduate 51 2500

Post Graduate 9 148

Industrial Training Institutes 613 92384
2.2.7 Public Health
The emphasis of the Public Health Sector is on the consolidation of infra-

structural facilities such as sub-centers, primary health centers and community
health care centers, so as to reach health are services to all corners of the
state. The problem of malaria, gastro enteritis and other water born diseases
are prevalent during monsoon season. To control these and other diseases
various health care programmes are being implemented. By the end of the
year 2001, there were Public and Government aided 1102 Hospitals, 1544
dispensaries, 1768 primary health care centers and 9725 sub-centers in the
state implementing these programmes which has reduced death rates and
infant mortality rate considerably since the year 1999.
2.2.8 Transport and Communication
The transport sector covers roads, road transport, motor vehicles, railways, ports, civil
aviation and the communication. Communication sector covers port and
telecommunication.
The total road length in the state by the end of March, 2002 was 2.66 lakh km. This
total length is maintained by various agencies, viz. Public Works Department (PWD),
Zilla Parishad (ZP), Municipal Corporation (BMC), etc. The total length maintained in
the year 2001 was 2.23 lakh km. The number of motor vehicles on road as on
31st March, 2002 was 74.13 lakh and the number of motor vehicles perlakh
population is 7506.
TABLE – 8
Motor Vehicles in Maharashtra and India as on 31-3-2000
Item Maharashtr India

a
1 No.of Motor vehicles on 61.14 483.9

road (in lakh) 3
2 No.of vehicles as per lakh 6429 4790

population
Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC)
The total traffic receipt by MSRTC during the year 2001-02 were Rs.2589 crore registering an
increase of 4.38% over the previous year. During the year 2001-02 the revenue receipt of the
state from taxation on motor vehicles has increased by 13.97% to Rs.995 crore from Rs.873
crores in the previous year.
2.2.8.1 Ports
The state has 720 Km. of coastal line. Along this coast line, there are two
major ports, namely, Mumbai and Nhawa-Sheva (JNPT) and 48 notified minor
ports. The Mumbai Port Trust handling passenger as well as cargo traffic at
Mumbai Port. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) is handling cargo traffic
at Nhawa Sheva Port. In order to develop multi-user port facilities capable of
handling all types of cargo like bulk and break bulk, petroleum and chemical
containers, the state Government decided to develop the ports, viz. Anganvel,
Jaygod Ganesh Gule, etc. through Maharashtra Maritime Board (established in
1996). Out of above 7 ports, state Government has decided to develop Rewas-
Aware and Dighi ports in the first phase.
The Mumbai Port Trust has handled 247 lakh tones of cargo comprising of 81.3 lakh
tones of coastal and 165.6 lakh tones of overseas cargo during 2001-02. Out of total
cargo handled in 2001-02, 158.0 lakh tones related to imports and 88.8 lakh tones
related to exports. During 2001.02 the passenger traffic at Mumbai Port was 8.3
thousands of which 0.3 thousand were coastal and 8 thousand were overseas
passengers. JNPT handled 225 lakh tones of cargo during 2001-02. The 48 minor
ports together handled 131.91 lakh passenger traffic during 2001.02, of which 112.47
lakh was by mechanized vessels and 19.44 lakh tones was by non -mechanized
vessels. The cargo handled by 48 minor ports during 2001-02 was 49.77 lakh tones
out of which 44.82 lakh pertained to imports and 4.95 lakh tones pertained to exports.
There were 40 reportable accidents occurred in 2001 out of which 5 were fatal cases
at Mumbai Port.
2.2.8.2Communication
At the end of March, 2002, the number of Post Offices in the rural areas of the
state was 11,355 and in the urban areas, it was 1478. BSNL and MTNL have
provided 60.741akh telephone connections in the state by March, 2002. Out of
the above figure, 17.6% were in rural areas and 82.4% in urban areas. Out of
60.74 lakh, 40% were in Mumbai alone and are managed by MTNL
2.3 ECONOMIC SCENARIO 2.3.1 Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)
The preliminary estimate of GSDP of Maharashtra in 2001-02 at constant

prices (1993-94) was Rs.1.66,516 crore against Rs.l,55,895 crore in 2000-01.
It has reflected an impressive growth of 6.8% over that of 2000-01. At current
prices, GSDP in 2001-02 is estimated at Rs.2,71,406 crores as against
Rs.2,38,875 crore in 2000-01, showing an increase of 13.6% during the year.
TABLE - 9
Sectoral Growth Rates of GSDP for Maharashtra at Constant
(1993-94) prices
Percentage Change over

Sector previous year
2000-01 2001-02
(- )5.6 3.0
Primary Sector
1 Agriculture (-)6.8 3.3
2 Forestry and logging 6.2 (- )4.9
3 Fishing (-)6.2 9.2
4 Mining and Quarrying 6.7 2.4
(-)11.2 4.0
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing (a) Registered (-)14.5 3.1

1
(b) Un-registered 17.1 3.0
2 Construction 8.6 11.1
3 Electricity, Gas & Water Supply (- )2.0 (-)1.1
2.3 9.6
Tertiary Sector
1 Railways 4.3 5.9
2 Transport and storage 5.1 4.7
3 Communications 10.9 12.5

4 Trade Hotels and Restaurants 2.6 8.8
5 Banking and insurance (- )2.1 6.8
Real state, Ownership of dwelling

6 4.6 4.4
and business services
7 Public Administration ( - )0.9 4.2
8 Other services 5.9 27.1
(-)3.4 6.8
Total
Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03 Reference Period: 2001
The preliminary estimate of Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Maharashtra at Constant
(1993-94) prices for 2001-02 was Rs.147359 crore, showing an increase of 7.0% over that of
Rs.137690 crore in 2000-01. The state income at current price for 2001-02 was Rs.241877
crore which was more than 13.5% than that of Rs.213040 crore for 2000-01. During 2001-02,
income from primary, secondary and tertiary sectors increased by Rs.1922 crore, RS.7707
crore and Rs.19208 crore, respectively. This in turn resulted in an increase of Rs.2993 crore
in state income.
The per capita state income (per capita NSDP) at constant (1993-94) prices is estimated at
Rs.15070 crore for 2001-02 as against Rs.14335 crore for 2000-01, registering a growth of
5.1% during the year. The per capita state income at current prices is estimated at Rs. 24736
crore in 2001.02 against Rs.22179 crore for the previous year, showing an increase of 11.5%
during the year.
The sectoral composition of the state income has undergone considerable changes during
1960-61 to 2001-02. During this period the share of primary sector has declined from 34.4%
to 16%. The share of tertiary sector has increased from 39.9% to 58.3%.
2.3.2 AGRICULTURE
Contribution to State Income: Agriculture and allied activities are important in state
economy as about 65% of the population in the state is dependent on agriculture for
livelihood.
Area Under Cultivation : The geographical area of the state is 3.08 lakh sq. lan. out
of which the net area under cultivation is about 1.79 lakh sq. km., i.e. 57.5%. This
proportion in the national level is less at 43.4%. However, the proportion of gross
irrigated area to gross cropped area at national level is 35.7% when the same ratio at
Maharashtra is 16.4%. Thus 83.6% of the agricultural area is directly dependent upon
rail water. The net area sown was 1 7.619 thousand hectares in 2001. The gross
cropped area was 22381 thousand hectares. Gross irrigated area was 3667 thousand
hectares.
Major Crops:Table-10
Agricultural Area and Areas for Major Crops in 2001- 02
Agriculture Area Year 2001-02
(thousand
hectares)
17619 Production
Thousand
Gross Cropped Area 22381
Tonnes
Gross Irrigated Area 3667
Rice 1514 2651
Wheat 776 1077
Jowar 5137 3910
Bajri 1399 831
All Cereals 9411 9305
All Pulses 3388 1880
All food grains 12798 11185
Sugarcane area 664 45140

Sugarcane harvested
area 578
Cotton 3105 457
Ground Nut 429 492
ource: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03
Reference Period :2001
Table - II
Area and Production of Some Main Horticulture Crops in the State
Name of the Fruit Crop 2001-02 Area in 00 Hectares
Production in '00'
Tonnes
721
Banana
43313
1542
Orange
8331
Grapes 324
9370
4095
Mango
5590
1533
Cashew Nut
1252
Source : Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2002-03
Period :2001
State Income: Conventional food grain crop yield only Rs.4 thousand to RS.12
thousand per hectare. As against this the yield values per hectare for some main fruit
crops based on data of 2001-02 were as follows:
Grapes Rs.2.59 Iakh
Sweet orange Rs.3.63 Iakh
Banana Rs.l.20 lakh
Mango Rs.1.19 lakh
2.3.3 FORESTS
The area under forest in the state at the end of 2001-02 was 62.9 thousand sq.
km. which accounted for 20.1 % of the geographical area of the state. Of this,
55.9 thousand sq. km. area was managed by Forest Department, 2.4 thousand
sq. km. by Revenue Department and 3.3 thousand sq. km. by Forest
Development Corporation of Maharashtra (FDCM). As per the seventh
assessment of forest cover 4sm (1999), 57% of the total forest area was under
dense forest, 42.8% (classified as open forest) was comparatively less dense
cover due to degradation and 0.2% as mangrove.
Forest Produce: The expected production of timber in 2001-02 is about 1.21 lakh

cubic meters valued at Rs.67 crore as compared to 1.67 lakh cubic meters in 2000-01
valued at Rs.84.7 crore. The expected production of fire - wood in 2001 02 is 4. 17
cubic meters, valued at Rs. 13.3 crore as compared to 2.48 lakh cubic meters
produced in 2000-01 valued at Rs.13. 7 crore. The estimated value of minor forest
produce in 2001-02 is Rs.66.8 crore in which tendu leaves and bamboo accounts for
Rs.38.8 crore and 26.4 crore, respectively.
2.3.4 FISHERIES
Maharashtra has a coastal line of about 720 km, rivers of about 3.2 thousand km. and
canals of about 12.8 thousand Ian. length. The area suitable for exploitation of marine
fish is 1.12 lakh sq. km., for inland fisheries it is 3.20 thousand sq. km. (i.e. 3.20 lakh
hectares (Government land 10 thousand hectares and private land 8.6 thousand
hectares). The potentials offish catch has been estimated at 6.3 lakh tones from
marine area per year.
The number of boats used in the state for marine fishing was 21,539 in 2001-02 as
compared to 20,240 in 2000-01. The estimated marine fish catch was 4.14 lakh tones
in 2001-02. Out of this 2.82 lakh tones were used in fresh form, 0.07 lakh tones was
sent for salting and 1.25 lakh tones for sun drying. In 2001-02 fish to the tune of 97
thousand tones, valued at Rs.785 crore was exported. In marine area, construction of
6 jetties is in progress.
The approximate gross value of the marine and inland fish catch taken
together in the state as per current price during 2001-02 was Rs. 1266 crore.
2.3.5 MINERALS
The potential mineral bearing area in the state is about 58 thousand sq. km.
(i.e. about 19% of total geographical area of the state) which is mainly
concentrated in the districts of Bhandara, Chandrapur, Sindhudurg, Thane,
Kolhapur, Nagpur, etc. The major minerals found in the state according to their
production are coal, limestone, bauxite, manganese ore, silica sand and
laterite. The details are given in the following table-l 2.
Sr.No. Major Minerals Production in % Increase or Decrease

lakh tonnes over the previous year
2000-01
1 Coal 308.30 (+)7.2
2 Laterite 1.17 41.0
3 Manganese Ore 3.88 6.9
4 Bauxite 10.78 5.0
5 Silica Sand 1.25 (-)25.6
6 Lime Stone 62.49 3.0
2.3.6 MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Maharashtra has succeeded in achieving high levels of industrialization and the state
has been identified as the country's industrial power=house. With less than 10% of
population of the country, the state accounts for nearly 20% of the gross value added
by India's industrial sector. The manufacturing sector is the major constituent in the
industrial sector. The share of this sector in the state domestic product is about 20%
which is the second highest after agriculture as per ASI 2001-02
The Index number of Industrial Production (IIP) that covers mining,

manufacturing and electricity sector is a means of industrial growth in the
country. IIP for the 2001-02 was 180.5 as compared to the base year (1993-
94) of 79%. As per ASI (Annual Survey of Industries) 2001-02 results, the per
capita net value added in the state (Rs.3005) was 2.2 times that of All India Per
Capita Net Value Added (Rs.1.379). The net value added by all industries
covered under ASI in the state during 2001-02 was Its. 29,901 crore which was
lower than 2.1 % than that of the year 2000-01.
TABLE - 13
Some Economic Indicators Relating to Industries

Indicator 2000- 2001-
01 02

1
Labour Productivity Ratio
Maharashtra 5.24 5.39

India 4.93 4.95

2 Output per worker (Rs. 10 lakh)

Maharashtra 22.02 25.16

India 15.13 16.15

3 Annual wages per worker (in Rs.)
Source: E
Maharashtra 68758 67360 conomic Survey
of Maharashtra,
2003-04
India 47835 48691

2.3.7 TOURISM SECTOR
2.3.7.1 Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) functions in tourism

sector is the third largest economic sector in the Maharashtra State. The main
function of the sector are infrastructure development pertaining to tourism,
promotion of tourism by way of advertising in tourism related magazines, through T.
V. channels, Website, participating in national and international programs and
presentations and events.
As its name suggests, Maharashtra-the Great Land, has a great diversity of
riches to offer the tourists. Whether it is Kolhapuri Chappals or the Paithani
silk sari bordered with opulent zari or its coastal gourmetics, handicrafts,
culture and cuisine have won aficionados from allover the world. To those
who come to India, often it is BOMBAY (Mumbai), the "New York of the East"
and the "Gate way of India" that offers a cosmopolitan bhelpuri of elements.
Mumbai prepares you for the esoteric pleasures of Maharashtra - long
stretches of coastal line and treks in rugged fort.
2.3.7.2 Contribution to State Income: The foreign exchange coming from tourism sector
was around Rs. 1037.27 crore for the year 2000-01.
2.3.7.3 Employment: Tourism is highly labour intensive as compared to any other industry

in the state. !n the state of Maharashtra around 5% people of total population are
employed in tourism sector. The total number of employees in MTDC are, however,
476 as per official records.
2.3.7.4 Area Covered: The whole state of Maharashtra
2.3.7.5 Accident Occurred: Only a few drowning cases of tourists while bathing in the sea
and some deaths due to road accidents happened during the year 2001.
2.3.8 ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR
2.3.8.1 In the state of Maharashtra, the Directorate of Transport is the regulatory authority
for Road Transport in accordance with the provisions of Motor Vehicle Act, 1988
and Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989. Maharashtra has a network of roads
having a total length of 13.44 lakh kilometer as on 31st March, 2002. The roads are
maintained by various agencies like PWD, Panchayats, Municipalities, Forest
Department. However, the major function in road sector is done by Maharashtra
State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC).
Table-14 reveals the functions of MSRTC including the tariff of Rs 2589.31 crores
which goes toward state income.
TABLE – 14
Operational Statistics of Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation
Year Percentage
Item Unit change over
2000-01 2001-02 2000-01
1 Routes operated at the end Number 19679 19I20 (-)1.27

of the year
Route length at the end of

2 Lakh km 13.57 13.44 (-)0.96
the year
Average effective kms

3 Lakh 49.16 48.84 (-)0.65
operated per day
Average number of
4 Lakh 65.11 62.17 (-)4.52
passengers carried per day
Average number of buses

5 Number 16916 ]6794 (-)0.72
owned by the Corporation
Average no. of buses on

6 Number 15990 15805 (-)0.72 I
road per day
7 Average fleet utilization Per cent 94.11 94.11 --
Average seat capacity

8 Per cent 59.75 60.05 0.30
utilization of buses on road
Total traffic receipts during

9 Crore Rs 2,480.61 2,589.31 4.38
the year
2.3.8.2 Employment: Besides the staff employed for administration work in the department

and its sub-offices, executive staff also are involved in maintaining discipline on
road by checking traffic violation, etc. and evasion of motor vehicle taxes by
enforcing various provisions of the M.V. Act, 1988, Central Motor Vehicle Rules,
1989. Due to liberalization of grant of various types of permits, lot of staff
employment has been generated as the unemployed have been encouraged to buy
vehicles to ply as public service vehicles which are being driven by owners
themselves.
2.3.8.3 Area Covered: Mostly the urban area of the state is covered. All the cities,
townships and Municipal Corporations are covered by D. of T.

2.3.8.4 Contribution to State Income: The revenue collected by MSRTC was Rs.2589.31
crores. In addition to this the Toll Tax collected by BMC authorities for plying the
vehicles through flyovers/bridges was to the tune of few thousand cores of rupees
for the for the same year.
2.3.8.5 Accident Occurred: The number of accident occurred on road in the state

of Maharashtra in 2001 is given in Table - 15.
Table – 15
Fatal Non-Fatal Total
10422 35887 46309
Source: National Crime Bureau
The above figure is the highest in comparison to Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and
Andhra Pradesh.

MANUFACTURING SECTOR
3.1 MAJOR INDUSTRIES
In the State of Maharashtra there were 28,324 working factories registered

under the Factories Act, 1948 in the year 2001. The total employment was
1201000. The above figure is inclusive of large and medium industries as on
31-12-2001. Important characteristics of Industries in Maharashtra for the year
2001-02 are given in table
(Rs. In crore)
Year
Industry Group Fixed Working Wages Output
to
Capital Capital Value
Workers
2000-01 7129 2441 810 31445

Food products, beverages
and tobacco products
2001-02 7019 1703 821 29067
2000-01 7350 (-)527 900 15137

Textiles, wearing apparels,
etc.
2001-02 6386 (-)328 729 12011
2000-01 37 61 9 150
Leather and leather
products
2001-02 17 35 6 143
2000-01 254 5] 16 289

Wood and wood products
2001-02 107 48 14 272
Paper and paper products, 2000-01 3528 1040 297 6249
publishing, printing, etc. 2001-02 3387 1106 208 5860
Refined petroleum, rubber, 2000-01 7280 2102 376 29450
plastic products 2001-02 6610 1527 354 27069
Chemicals and chemical 2000-01 12858 4564 924 32876
products 2001-02 14043 4740 899 32519
2000-01 2744 738 142 3348

Non-metallic mineral
products
2001-02 2890 594 146 3285
Basic metals, recycling 2000-01 7836 (-)802 279 10761

2001-02 8792 (-)1313 278 11307
2000-01 1885 1057 256 5321

Fabricated metal products
2001-02 2356 79 249 5184
2000-01 7827 4719 964 26500

Machinery and equipment
2001-02 6476 3322 894 21624
2000-01 206 170 43 836

Medical, precision and
optical instruments, etc.
2001-02 433 338 42 1180
Motor vehicles, trailers and 2000-01 7848 1091 655 13720
other transport equipment 2001-02 7049 1031 638 15266
2000-01 681 1558 214 6132

Furniture
2001-02 2563 3266 218 13163
2000-01 598 63 36 4581

Others
2001-02 775 288 52 4495
2000-01 68063 18327 5832 186795

TOTAL
2001-02 68903 16437 5548 182533
Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2003-04
Percentage Distribution of Factories by size class of employment in selected industry

groups in Maharashtra 2001-02 is given in the table.

TABLE - 1
Size class of Food, Textiles Paper & Chemicals Refined Basic Fabricated M
employment bewerage & paper & chemical petroleum, metal, metal &
& tobacco wearing products, products rubber, recycling products eq
products apparels, publishing, plastic
etc. printing, etc products
Below 20 52.5 48.7 53.6 44.9 65.0 47.4 74.6
20-49 22.9 24.1 31.9 26.2 19.0 35.0 15.3
50-99 7.6 13.1 6.9 14.1 9.6 7.7 5.4
100-199 6.0 6.6 5.2 8.3 2.6 5.2 2.2
200-499 4.6 4.8 2.0 4.4 2.9 3.3 1.7
500 & above 6.3 2.6 0.5 2.2 0.9 1.4 0.8
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Factory employment in Major Industry Divisions in Maharashtra has been shown in the
table below:
Percentage
Average daily
to Total
Industry Division employment
(No.) 2001 (2001)
A Consumer Goods Industries 4,53,420 37.8
Food products, beverages and tobacco

1 1,66,235 13.8
products
2,16,699 18.0
2 Textiles (including wearing apparels)

3 Wood and wood products 15,442 1.3
Paper and paper products, publishing,

4 52,504 4.4
printing, etc.
0.2
Tanning and dressing of leather and leather
5 2,540
products

B Intermediate Goods Industries 3,46,208 28.8
6 Chemicals and chemical products 1,29,938 10.8

7 Petroleum, rubber, plastic products 53,514 4.5
8 Non-metallic mineral products 31,705 2.6
9 Basic metal and metal products 1,31,051 10.9
C Capital Goods Industries 3,14,051 26.2
Machinery and equipments (other than

10 1,724.3 14.3
transport equipments)
1,02,514
11 Transport equipments 8.5

12 Other manufacturing industries 39,524 3.3
D
Others

13 Others 86,962 72

Total 12,00,641 100.0
3.2 INDUSTRIAL UNREST, STRIKES, LOCKOUTS AND MANDAYS LOST
(Workers affected and mandays lost - in hundred)
Years
Items
2000 2001 2002
1 Number of strikes and lock-outs 85 59 43
2 Workers affected 510 237 79
3 Mandays Lost 46,042 52,309 41,788
Source: Commissioner of Labour, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai
Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2003-04.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

(COVERED UNDER THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948)

The State of Maharashtra has 28324 working factories covered under the Factories

Act, 1948. In the year 2001, there were 9336 reportable accidents in these factories resulting
in 177 fatal and 9159 non- fatal injuries.
For classification of accidents, the Indian Standard 3786: 1983, titled "Methods for
computation of Frequency and Severity Rates in Industrial Injuries" and classification of
industrial accidents along the ILO Code of Practice on recording and notification of
occupational accidents and diseases were used. The industries were classified according to
the new industrial classification - 1987 NIC Code. The fatal and non-fatal accidents have
been dealt with separately and a number of injuries have been taken for a group of industries.
The accidents in MAH installations have been taken separately.
5.1 FATAL INJURIES
The fatal injuries in the State of Maharashtra as reported in the Annual Returns
submitted by the factories for the year 2001 are 177. These 177 fatal accidents were
analyzed as per IS 3786 : 1983 and the ILO Code of Practice of Recording and
Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases. The analysis has been done
industry group-wise, cause wise, agency wise, nature of injury wise, location of injury
wise, sex and age wise respectively.

5.1.1 Industry wise: Of the total 177 fatal injuries analyzed, 48 injuries were in the units
manufacturing Basic Chemicals and Chemical Products. The industry wise analysis
revealed that about 27.07% of fatal injuries occurred in the aforesaid industries.
23.16% occurred in Food Products industries and 9.60% of total injuries occurred in
the Basic Metals and Alloyed industries. 7.90% of the total fatalities occurred in the
Non-metallic Mineral Production industries. These were the major areas where
number of fatal injuries are significant. The industry wise fatal injuries are given in
Table-I.
TABLE -1
INDUSTRY WISE FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl.No. Percentage
Industry injuries
23.16
1 Manufacturing of Food Products 41

Manufacture of Beverages, Tobacco &

2 2 1.30
Related Products
3 Manufacture of Cotton Textiles 3 1.69
Manufacture of Wool, Silk & Man-made

4 3 1.69
Fiber Textiles
Manufacture of Jute and other vegetable

5 0 --
fiber textiles (except cotton)
Manufacture of textile products (including

6 0 --
wearing apparel)
7 Manufacture of Wood and Wood 4 2.25

Products
Manufacture of Paper and Paper

Products
8 8 4.51
And Printing, Publishing & Allied
Industries.
Manufacture of Leather & Products of

9 0
Leather, Fur & Substitutes of Leather
Manufacture of basic Chemicals &

10 48 27.07
Chemical Products
Manufacture of Rubber, Plastic, 2.25

11 Petroleum & Coal Products; Processing 4
Nuclear Fuels.
Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral

12 14 7.90
Products
13 Basic metal and alloyed industries 17 9.60
Manufacture of metal products & parts,

14 4 2.25
except machinery and equipment
Manufacture of Machinery & Equipment

15 9 5.08
other than Transport Equipment
Manufacture of Transport Equipment

16 3 1.69
and Parts.
17 Other Manufacturing Industries 1 0.56
18 Repair of Capital Goods 1 0.56
19 Electricity, Gas & Water 5 2.82

20 Activities Allied to Construction 1 0.56
Wholesale Trade in wood, paper, skin,

21 1 0.56
leather etc.
22 Retail trade n.e.c 4 2.25
23 Storage and warehousing services 0 --
24 Recreational & cultural services 1 0.56
25 Repair services 3 1.69
5.1.2 Cause-wise: The analysis of the 177 fatal injuries shows that "Fall of the Persons"
and "Exposure to or contact with extreme temp" have contributed to about 19.77%
each of total fatal accidents. 20.33% was the single largest area which contributed by
"Stepping, Striking & Struck against" type of accident followed by 'Explosions' and
'Exposure to and contact with harmful substances' which were 15.25% and 8.47%
respectively. Table -2 shows the above cause-wise break-up of fatal injuries

TABLE - 2
CAUSE WISE FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl.No. Type of Accident Percentage
injuries
1 Fall of persons 35 19.77
2 Fall of objects 7 3.95
3 Stepping, striking, struck against 36 20.33
4 Caught in between objects 11 6.21
5 Over-exertion or wrong movement 0
6 Expo. to or contact with extreme temp 35 ]9.77
7 Exposure to or contact with electric 9 5
objects
8 Expo. to or contact with harmful subs. 15 8.47
9 Explosions 27 15.25
10 Others 2 1.13
5.1.3 Agency-wise: In terms of the agency involved in the fatal injuries, 'Dust, gas,
liquid and chemicals' accounts for majority of accidents which covered 25.42% of
the total fatalities followed by 'Prime Movers' amounting to 11.86%. Remaining
significant areas of injuries were 'Other machines, Wheeled means of transport,
Pressure vessels, Other agencies' were responsible for fatal injuries. Table 3 gives
the agency-wise fatal accidents.
TABLE - 3
AGENCY WISE FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl.
Agency. Involved Percentage
No. Accidents
1 Prime Movers 21 11.86
2 Transmission Machinery 5 2.82
3 Metal Working Machine 6 3.38
4 Wood and Associated Machine 1 0.56
5 Other Machines 14 7.90
6 Other Wheeled Means of Transport 11 6.21
7 Other Means of Transport 5 2.82
8 Pressure Vessels 10 5.64
9 Electrical Installations 9 5.08
10 Tools, Implements & appliances 1 0.56
11 Ladders, Mobile Ramps 8 4.51
12 Scaffolding 8 4.51
13 Other Equipments 5 2.82
14 Explosives 0
15 Dust, Gases, Liquids & Chemicals 45 25.42
16 Flying Objects 5 2.82

17 Other Materials & Substances 7 3.95
18 Indoor 0 --
--
19 Animals 0

20 Other Agencies 16 9.03
5.1.4 Nature-wise: Nature of injury analysis of the fatal injuries reveals that 38.41% are
due to 'Other unspecified injuries' stands largest by nature while 'Multiple Injuries'
and 'Bum' cover 23.72% and 20.33%, respectively. Table - 4 shows the nature-
wise fatal injuries.
TABLE- 4
NATURE WISE FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl.
Nature of Injury injurie Percentage
No.
s
1 Fractures 6 3.38
2 Contusions & Crushing 6 3.38
3 Bum 36 20.33
4 Acute Poisoning 4 2.25
5 Asphyxia 8 4.51
6 Effect of Electrical Currents 7 3.95
7 Multiple injuries of different nature 42 23.72

8 Others and unspecified injuries 68 38.41
5.1.5 Location-wise: 'Multiple locations' caused the highest number of injuries which

stands for 34.97% followed by 'Unspecified locations of injury' caused 34.40% of the
total fatal injuries, while 'General injuries' and 'Head' were the locations which caused
fatalities contributed to 13.53% and 7.90% respectively. Location wise fatal accidents
are shown in Table - 5.

TABLE- 5
LOCATION WISE FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl. Location of Injury Percentage
No.
Accidents
1 Head 14 7.90
2 Neck 9 5.08
3 Trunk 0 0
4 Upper limb 5 2.82
5 Lower limb 2 1.13
6 Multiple locations 62 34.97
7 General injuries 24 13.53
8 Unspecified locations of injury 61 34.40

5.1.6 Age and Sex wise: A total of 177 employees met with fatal accident, of these 172
were male. Out of above 177 fatal accidents, 44% were from the age group 18-36
followed by 15% between 36 to 51 years of age group. A greater number of injured
employees' age group could not be ascertained. And also particulars of insurance
coverage were also not available due to improper reporting by the employer. Table-6
shows all the above details.
TABLE - 6(A)
SEX-WISE FATAL INJURIES
Sl. N No. of
Sex Percentage
o. injuries
1 Male 172 97.17
2 Female 5 2.83
TABLE - 6(B)
INSURED/UNINSURED FATAL INJURIES
Sl. No. of
Insured/Uninsured Percentage
No. injuries
1 Insured 12 6.76
2 Uninsured 165 93.24
TABLE - 6(C)

AGE-WISE FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl. No. Age Percentage
injuries
1 < 14 1 0.56
2 14 to <15 0 --
3 15 to < 18 0 --
4 18 to<36 78 44.00
5 36 to < 51 27 15.23
6 51 to < 61 7 3.95
7 61 & Above 0 --
8 Not available 64 36.10
5.2 NON-FATAL INJURIES

All together 9159 non-fatal occupational injuries had been reported by industries in the
State of Maharashtra during the year of 2001. The classification of accidents and
injuries were done according to the IS : 3786-1983 and also ILO Recording and
Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases.
5.2.1 Industry-wise: The industry-wise analysis of non-fatal injuries shows that highest

31.05% of the accidents were in the Cotton textiles industries. 10.53% contains by the
Basic Metals and Alloyed manufacturing industry and 7.93% are in the industries
manufacturing Transport Equipment and Parts. Table -7 shows the industry-wise non-
fatal injuries.

TABLE - 7
INDUSTRY-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl.No. Industry Percentage
injuries
Manufacture of
1 Food products 344 3.75
Beverage, tobacco and tobacco

2 5 0.05
products
3 Cotton textiles 2849 31.05
4 Wool, silk and man-made fiber 168 1.83
5 Textile Products 55 0.6
6 Wood and wood products 22 0.23
7 Paper products 276 3.01
8 Leather & leather products 5 0.05
9 Basic chemicals and chemical products 539 5.87
Rubber, plastic, petroleum and coal

10 213 2.32
products
11 Non-metallic mineral products 235 2.56
12 Basic metal and alloys 966 10.53

13 Metal products and parts 553 6.02
14 Machineries and equipments 596 6.50
15 Transport equipment and parts 728 7.93
16 Other manufacturing industries 228 2.49
17 Repair of Capital goods 586 6.39
18 Electricity, Gas & Water 75 0.81
19 Construction -- --
20 Storages and warehousing services -- --
21 Repair services 155 1.69
22 Electrical Machinery and apparatus 378 4.12
23 Others 183 1.99
Total 9159
5.2.2 Age and Sex-wise: Of the injured, more than 99% were male. Female injury figured
negligibly in sex wise distribution chart of the state of Maharashtra. As far as age wise
distribution it was revealed that majority of accidents involving the age group of '36 to
50' chronologically followed by the groups of' 18 to 35' and 51 to 60'. Table-8 gives
details of sex-wise injuries.
TABLE - 8

SEX-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES
Sl. N o. Sex No. of injuries Percentage
1 Male 9107 99.26
2 Female 52 0.74
5.2.3 Cause-wise: Cause-wise analysis of the non-fatal injuries shows that 20.03% of the

accidents are due to 'Caught in between objects'. 10.68% stepping, striking and struck
against objects, 8.02% due to fall of objects and 10.95% due to fall of persons.
40.33% injuries caused covers 'other type of accidents'. Table-9 shows the cause-
wise non-fatal injuries.
TABLE – 9
CAUSE-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES
Sl. No. Type of Accidents No. of injuries Percentage
1 Fall of persons 1005 10.95
2 Fall of objects 736 8.02
3 Stepping. striking and struck against 980 10.68
4 Caught in between objects 1838 20.03
5 Over exertion or wrong movement 276 3.00
6 Exposure to or contact with extreme 137 1.49

temperature
Exposure to or contact with electric

7 55 0.60
objects
Exposure to or contact with harmful

8 432 4.70
substance
9 Others 3700 40.33
5.2.4 Agency-wise: The Indian Standard 3786 : 1983 which is as comprehensive as the

ILO Code of Practice on Recording and Notification of Occupational Accident and
Diseases has been used to classify the accidents into 20 major categories. These are
given in Annex of the report.
The analysis of the non-fatal injuries shows that other agencies are the major area
contributing to 35.20% of the injuries and transmission machines as well as 'handling
of goods' have contributed 1 T58% and 11.77% of the injuries each.
TABLE - 10
AGENCY-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES
No. of
Sl.No. Agency Percentage
injuries
1 Prime movers 40 0.43
2 Transmission machines 1613 17.58
3 Metal working machines 332 3.62
5 Other machines 255 2.78
6 Transport 93 1.01
7 Pressure vessels 31 0.34
8 Electrical installations 55 0.60
9 Tools, implements and appliances 327 3.56
10 Ladders, mobile ramps 504 5.50
11 Scaffolding 102 1.11
12 Other equipment 399 4.34
13 Fire & Explosion 106 115
14 Dust, gases, liquid and chemicals 114 1.24
15 Flying objects 98 1.06
16 Handling Goods 1080 11.77
17 Indoor 780 8.50
18 Animals --
19 Other agencies 3230 35.20
5.2.5 Location-wise: According to IS 3786 : 1983 and ILO Code of Practice on Recording

and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, the location of injury has
been divided into 8 categories. Table - 11 shows the distribution of location-wise
injuries pertaining to the Mumbai region only. 47.90% and 29.67% of the injuries have
occurred in the upper limb and lower limb region respectively comprising of shoulder,
upper arm, elbow, fore-arm, wrist, hand and fingers. This is followed by head injuries,
which was 10.80%.

TABLE – l1
LOCATION-WISE NON-FATAL INJURIES (MUMBAI REGION)

Sl. No. of
Location Of Injury Percentage
No. injuries

1 Head 276 10.79

2 Neck 5 0.20

3 Trunk 121 4.73

4 Upper limb 1225 47.89

5 Lower limb 759 29.67

6 Multiple locations 102 3.98

7 General injuries 7 0.28

8 Unspecified locations; 58 2.27
5.2.6 Nature-
wise Injury: Nature of injury according to IS 3786 is classified into 14 categories,
like fracture, dislocation, sprains, concussion, amputation, wounds, contusions &
crushing, burns, acute poisoning, asphyxia, electrical currents, etc. Table-I2 is
again a table pertaining to the Mumbai region only which gives the nature of injury-
Non-fatal injuries in the region have been found to be mainly by the nature of
wounds like lacerations, cuts, contusion with wounds, scalp wounds, etc.
Superficial injuries contributed to the highest, i.e. 43.55% followed by contributing
to 13.2% and burns- 11.3%, other unspecified injuries 8.2%, contusions, other
wounds and fractures 7% each of the total injuries.

TABLE - 12
DISTRIBUTION OF NON-FATAL INJURIES (MUMBAI REGION)
Sl. No. of
Nature of injury Percentage
No. injuries
1 Fracture 55 2.15
2 Dislocations 01 0.04
3 Sprains and strains 264 10.32
4 Concussions & other internal injury 15 0.58
5 Amputations and encleations 06 0.23
6 Other wounds 31 1.21
7 Superficial injuries 1114 43.55
8 Contusions and crushings 729 28.50
9 Burns 63 2.46
10 Acute poisoning 01 0.04
11 Asphyxia 04 0.16
12 Effects of electrical currents 02 0.08
13 Multiple injury of different nature 08 0.32
14 Others and unspecified injuries 260 10.16

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES & POISONING IN
MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

ILO Code of Practice on Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and
Diseases defines Occupational Diseases as "a disease contracted as a result of an
exposure to risk factors arising from work activity". Under Section 89 of the Factories
Act, 1948 where any worker in a factory contracts any disease specified in the Third
Schedule (Annexure-I), the Manager of the factory shall send a notice thereof to such
authorities and in such form and within such time as may be prescribed.

Also any medical practitioner attending on a person who is or has been employed in a
factory and is suffering from diseases specified in the Third Schedule shall without
delay send a report in writing to the office of the Directorate, Industrial Safety and
Health.

In the State of Maharashtra, few occupational disease cases have been reported to
the Directorate, Industrial Safety and Health. However, the ESIC which deals with
compensation to the workers for any loss while working in the factory has cases of
occupational diseases as per the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Act,
1948 during the year 2001, but the same is not available from the sources.

The occupational diseases result in loss of earning capacity of the workers. This loss
varies according to the occupational diseases contracted by the worker. The severity
of the disease may result in permanent disability to the worker. However, there were
cases of occupational disease or permanent disability due to injury during the period
2001, but during the year 2001, there were NIL case of Poisoning. However, 12 cases
of occupational diseases reported are given in the table.

No.of Name of occupational Harmful
cases disease agents
5 Byssinosis Cotton dust
Byssinosis Cotton dust
7 Noise Induced Hearing High noise
Loss (NIHL) level

All the above cases were investigated by Medical Inspectors of Factories/ certifying
Surgeons and recommendations forwarded.

MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH AT UNIT
LEVEL

This Chapter, as is evident, deals with the management of occupational safety and health at
the unit level, i.e. manufacturing units. The state has a total of 28324 working factories in the
year 2001, the break-up of which according to factories registered under Section 2(m), Section
85 of the Factories Act, 1948 is given in Chapter-4. In order to have a fair idea, about the
safety and health status in these units, the following aspects on safety and health have been
converted under this Chapter:
7.1 Safety Policy
7.2 Appointment of Safety Officers
7.3 Safety Committee
7.4 Occupational health centers (FMO, Ambulance)
7.5 Welfare (WO, Canteen, Creche, Lunch Room, Shelter, etc.)
7.6 On-site Emergency Plans
7.7 Safety Reports
7.8 Safety Audits
7.9 HAZOP Studies
7.10 Dangerous Occurrences
There are certain statutory requirements as provided under the Factories Act, 1948 and Rules
framed there under, for each of the aspect stated above. Items 7.6 to 7.9 are additional
requirement exclusively applicable to MAR installations, which are covered by separate set of
rules. Each of aspect with its status has been discussed in the following paragraphs.
7.1 SAFETY POLICY
The Rule 73(L) of the Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963, framed under the provisions
of Sections 7 A(3), 41-B(2) and 112 requires preparation of a written statement of
policy in respect of health and safety of workers at work by every factory except
a) Units covered under Section 2(m)(i) of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing
less than 50 workers.
b) Units covered under Section 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948
c) Provided that they are not covered in the first schedule under section 2( cb ) or
covered under Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948.
d) Units covered under Section 2(cb) of the Factories Act, 1948.
In addition to the above, the Chief Inspector may require the occupier of any of the
factories or class or description of factories to comply with the above requirements of
Safety Policy if in his opinion it is expedient to do so.
As per the details available 1902 units were required preparation of Safety Policy.
However, only 1360 units have prepared the Safety Policy, which is about 71.6% of the
total requirement.

7.2 APPOINTMENT OF SAFETY OFFICERS
As per the provisions of Section 40-B of the Factories Act, 1948, Safety Officer is
required to be appointed for the units meeting the following criteria:
7.2.1 a) Units employing more than 1000 workers,
b) Wherein in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process or

operation is carried on involving any risk of bodily injury, poisoning or diseases
or any hazard to health.
As per the details available, 564 Safety Officers were required to be appointed in 394
factories in the State. As against this, 530 Safety Officers were appointed in various
units.
Description of factories No. of No. of Safety No. of

factories Officers Safety
as per required to be Officers
Col. 1 appointed appointed
133
Factories employing 1000 or more 303 269
workers and notified under section
40-B(1)(i)
Factories notified under section 261 261 261

40-B(1 )(ii)

7.3 SAFETY COMMITTEE
The Rule 73(J) of the Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963 framed under the provisions of
Section 41 and 41-G of the Factories Act, 1948 requires constitution of Safety
Committee in the factories meeting the following criteria:
a) Units employing 250 or more workers.
b) Units covered under Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing more
than 50 workers.
c) Units covered under Section 2(cb) of the Factories Act, 1948 and employing
more than 50 workers.
As per the information available, 1349 units have constituted Safety Committees out of
1902 units, which is about 70.4%.
7.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTERS
As per Rule 73(W) of the Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963 prescribed under Section
41-C of the Factories Act, 1948, Occupational Health Centers are required to be set up
in the factories carrying on 'hazardous process' as described under Section 2(cb) of
the Act. The industries have been divided into 3 categories, i.e. the industries
employing up to 50 workers, employing 51 - 200 workers and employing more than
200 workers. 327 MAR units have provided 183 Full time Factory Medical Officers and
144 Part-time Factory Medical Officers. They have 249 ambulances and provided 175
ambulance rooms. Other than MAH, 412 other units have provided 273 full time and 38
part time Factory Medical Officers and 412 ambulance vans with 412 ambulance
rooms, respectively.
Table showing number of MAH factories, appointment of Medical Officer, Ambulance

Van and Occupational Health Centre.

Detail Year
2000 2001
No. of MAH Factories 327 327
No. of Medical Officers appointed on Full Time/ Part

275 275
Time/Retainer Basis
No. of Ambulance Van or other vehicle provided 250 249
No. of Occupational Health Centre provided 175 210
Table showing Factories employing workers above 500, appointment of Factory

Medical Officer on Full time / Part time and on Retainer basis and number of
Ambulance Room (Dispensary) provided.
Detail Year
2000 2001
No. of Factories employing more than 500 workers 411 412
No. of Medical Officers Full Time 273 274
No. of Medical Officers Part Time 138 138
No. of Ambulance van or other vehicle 411 412
No. of Occupational Health Centre 411 412

7.5 WELFARE
This part of the Chapter deals with the Welfare facilities, e.g. appointment of Welfare
Officers, creche facilities, canteen facilities, shelters, rest room and lunch room.
As per the provisions of Section 49 of the Factories Act, 1948, any factory employing
more than 500 workers, is required to employ a Welfare Officer. Table below gives the
details of Welfare Officers appointed in the factories.
a Number of factories required to appoint Welfare Officers 28

0
factories.
Number of factories in which Welfare Officers mentioned in

b (a) above are appointed 46
6
c Number of Welfare Officers required to be appointed in factories 33

employing ordinarily 500 or more workers 4
d Number of Welfare Officers so appointed 45

3
As per the provisions under Section 48 of the Factories Act, 1948, any factory
employing 30 or more women workers are required to provide creche facilities for the
use of children below the age of 6 years for the women employees. There are certain
requirements under the Section for these creches which are to be met by the occupier
of the factory. In total 406 units are required to provide creche facility and out of these
187 units have provided the creche facilities.
As per the provisions under Section 47 of the Factories Act, 1948, any factory
employing more than 150 workers is required to provide adequate and suitable
shelters or rest rooms and lunch-rooms for the use of the workers employed.

As per the details available 933 factories are required to provide the shelters, rest
rooms and lunch-room facilities. However, 3541 factories have provided this facility,
which is much more than the statutory provision.
As per the provisions under Section 46 of the Factories Act, 1948 any factory
employing more than 250 workers is required to provide canteen facilities for the use of
workers.
As per the details available, out of 1220 units, 637 occupiers of factories and 583
contractors have provided canteen facilities.
7.6 ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLANS
As per the provision under "The Maharashtra Control of Industrial Major Accident
Hazard Rules, 2003", an occupier who has control of the industrial activity, as
described under the Rule, shall prepare an On-site emergency plan detailing how
major accidents will be dealt with on the site on which industrial activity is carried on.
As per the information available 327 number of MAH installations were required to
prepare the on-site emergency plan. 255 MAH installations have prepared the plans
and submitted to the Director of Industrial Safety and Health.

7.7&7.8 SAFETY REPORTS AND SAFETY AUDITS

As per the provisions under "The Maharashtra Control of Industrial Major Accident
Hazard Rules, 2003", it is mandatory for an occupier to prepare and submit to the
Chief Inspector before the commencement of an industrial activity, the Safety Report of
the industrial activity to which these rules apply. The Safety Report is to be submitted
in the prescribed format. Further it is advisable that all the units after the
commencement of the industrial activity shall carry out an independent Safety Audit of
the respective industrial activities with the help of an expert not associated with such
industrial activities. This will help the management to know the weak points in their
system and to take suitable timely remedial measures.

No information was available from DISH about how many units were required to
prepare and actually prepared and submitted to enforcing authority.

7.9 HAZOP STUDIES

The HAZOP Studies, i.e. the Hazard and Operability studies are carried out in advance
on any plant to examine the process or at least the relevant parts of the process to
discover how deviation from the intention of design can occur to decide whether such
deviations can give rise to hazardous conditions.

The technique aims to simulate the imagination of designer in a systematic way and is
useful in identifying potential hazards in advance and allow the user to take corrective
measures.

However, no information is available about the units which have conducted risk
assessment studies.

7.10 DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES

As per provision of Section 87 of the Factories Act, 1948, and Rule 114 of the
Maharashtra Factory Rules, 1963, dangerous occurrences are reportable accidents
and should be reported on Form 24-A to the concerned authority. The table below
reflects the details:

Sl.
Circumstances Causing
Factory
Dangerous Occurrence
No.
National Highway Trucking Due to CNG filling, there was damage to

1
Centre, Chembur, Mumbai the deky of the taxi.
Mamta Trading Co.,

2 Due to bursting of the boilers.
Ghatkopar, Mumbai
Aarti Drugs Ltd., MIDC,

3 Fire caught due to inflammable solvent.
Tarapur
Sterling Aralaries Pvt. Ltd., During the process ethelene oxide which
4
Tarapur is inflammable, fire broke out
Rajni Chemicals Industries, The reactor busted due to increase in

5 Temperature and pressure of
Tarapur
acrohly nitrathe
Pratap Organics, Pavane,

6 Fire caught due to inflammable solvent.
Thane
Chemosol Industries Pvt. Ltd.,

7 -do-
MIDC, Mahad
8 Chemosol Industries Pvt. Ltd., -do-

MIDC, Mahad
Ordnance Factory, Jalgaon,

9 Explosion
Nashik
'C' Cure Building Products Due to opening auto dare the boiler
10
Pvt. Ltd., Pune exploded
Prerana Pharma Intermediate,

11 Fire caught due to inflammable solvent
Ambernath
While changing the tyre tube, there was

12 Bhagwati S.S.K. Ltd., Solapur
pressure and it bursted
Shree Pulshkar Petro

13 Fire caught due to inflammable solvent
Products Ltd.,
S.B. Reshellers Pvt. Ltd.,

14 Due to pressure there was an explosion
Kolhapur
MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AHD HEALTH AT

STATE LEVEL

Management of Safety and Health at the state level is more complex than at the unit
level. At unit level, the problems are relatively simple and unit specific depending upon
the type of industry. However, at the state level management of safety and health is not
unit or industry specific and the instruments such as policies, legislation, etc. are required
to be more comprehensive to take care of safety and health issues in all type of
occupations. Apart from the Factories Act, 1948, there are other legislations for providing
a better work environment, safety, health and welfare facilities. These legislations are
enforced by various state government agencies such as Directorates of Factories and
Boilers, Labour Commissioner, etc.
Education and training plays an important role in management of safety and health at
state level and thus cannot be neglected. Non-government organizations (NGOs),
voluntary organizations, institutions and agencies engaged in safety and health are
contributing in their own way towards the objective for giving the workers a safe and
healthy work environment.
Safety and health at work is governed by variety of statutes in the state depending on the
nature of work place, manufacturing activity and specific aspect of safety and health.
Some of the important statutes are given below:
1. The Factories Act, 1948
2. The Maharashtra Factories Rules, 1963
3. The Maharashtra Safety Officers (Duties, Qualifications and Conditions of

Service) Rules, 1982.
4. The Maharashtra Welfare officers (Duties, Qualifications and Conditions of

Service) Rules, 1966.
5. The Dangerous Machines (Regulation) Act, 1983.
6. Bombay Shops and Establishment Act.
7. Industrial Dispute Act, 1947
8. Fatal Accident Act, 1855.
9. Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948
10. Employees' Liability Act, 1938
11. Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981
12. Insecticide Act, 1968, with Rules, 1971
13. Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 1981
14. The Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986.
15. The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989,

Amended in 1994, 2000 & 2001
16. The Maharashtra Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Rules, 2003
17. The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning & Preparedness) Rules, 1996.

18. The Environment Protection Act, 1986.
There are different departments of Central Government and State Government entrusted
with the responsibility of enforcement of these statutes. The efforts of the enforcement
agencies are also supplemented by other organizations such as training and research
institutions, employers' associations, employees associations, etc. in promoting
occupational safety and health in the state.
8.1 DIRECTORATE OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH, (DISH)

MAHARASHTRA STATE
This Directorate, under the Department of Labour and Rehabilitation at State

Secretariat is looking after safety, health and environment of workers employed in
factories. The Directorate is headed by the Chief Inspector of Factories called
Director. In the state of Maharashtra, the Factories are under the same
Directorate like many other states in the country where the Boilers are looked
after by the Chief Inspector of Boilers and the Factories are looked after by the
Chief Inspector of Factories. Thus in the State of Maharashtra, the Directorate of
Factories have to look after the enforcement of Factories Act, 1948. The
Inspectors (now called as Assistant Directors, Deputy Directors and Joint
Directors) with mechanical and other engineering/medical background are also
Factory Inspectors.
8.1.1 Infrastructure Facilities
The Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health has set up an Industrial Hygiene
Laboratory in 1952 for imparting safety and health data of samples collected in
industries. The laboratory is equipped with equipment and accessories for
carrying out ventilation study, noise study, illumination study, heat stress and to
carry out the complete chemical analysis of samples of dust, chemicals and other
pollutants from samples collected in industries. .
8.1.2 Employment and Area Covered
The DISH is having a strength of 97 personnel as given in the organization chart

(enclosed) and the whole State of Maharashtra is under the jurisdiction of this
Directorate.
The Head office of the DISH is at Mumbai and the Regional Offices are at Nagpur,
Thane, Kalyan, Vasai, Panvel, Nashik, Pune, Aurangabad, Kolhapur and Akola.
The District Offices are at Satara, Sangli, Solapur, Ahmednagar, Nanded, Dhule,
Jalgaon, Bhandara, Chandrapur and Amaravati.
8.1.3 Strength of the Inspectorate
The Directorate is manned by 97 personnel out of 137 sanctioned strength as

given below:
Director (DISH) 01
Addl. Director 01
Joint Director 12
Dy. Director 35
Asstt. Director 39
Medical Inspector of Factories 01
Certifying Surgeons Industrial 01
Hygiene Staff Industrial 06
Hygiene Lab. 01
Total 97
The Department functions under the Secretary (Labour) who reports to the Hon.
Labour Minister of the State of Maharashtra.

8.1.4 Main functions of the DISH
Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health (DISH) is a statutory Government Body

entrusted with the Enforcement of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Maharashtra
Factories Rules, 1963, along with and the rules under the Environment Protection
Act and rules made there-under:
a) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989
b) Chemical Accidents (Emergency, Planning, Preparedness and Response)

Rules, 1986.
Workmen Compensation Act, 1923.
The Factories Act, 1948 mainly aims at regulating the working conditions in
factories, which embrace inter-alia, safety, health and welfare aspects.
The Department is headed by the Director of Factories, who reports directly to the
Secretary (Factories).
The different activities undertaken by the Directorate are given below:
8.1.4.1Inspection and Prosecution
23471 Inspections were carried out, which include hazardous and non hazardous
factories. 777 prosecutions were launched during the year 2001 and 497 factories
prosecuted.

8.1.4.2Important Activities in 2001
Factories Registered by 2001
U/S 2 m(i) 22398
U/S 2 m(ii) 276
U/S 85 10722
Total 33,396
Working Factories By 2001
U/S 2 m(i) 19906
U/S 2 m(ii) 204
U/S 85 8214
Total 28,324
* As on December, 2001, the total registered factories were 33,396, wherein
total working factories were 28,324 and workers employed daily were
1201000.
* Incidence rate of accidents per 1000 workers employed in factories during

the year 2000 was 12.50 (Provisional) as compared to the national level of
10.93 (P).
* Various Surveys were conducted under the Industrial Hygiene Surveillance

activity undertaken by the department.

* Visited and Medical checks of 9179 factory workers were conducted in 180
factories during the year 2001 under the Occupational Health Surveillance
programme.
8.1.4.3Promotional Activities
a) Safety - Various training programmes/seminar, etc. were organized to the

help of Safety Committee.

Training Programmes/Seminars during the year 2001

No. of safety seminars organized 16

No. of participants 1149

No. of factories where safety training programmes 67
were organized

No. of participants 1600

b) Major Accident Hazard Control - Updating On-site plans/Disaster Crisis

Group meetings/2nd Environment Committee Meeting.
c) Small Scale Industries - Regular meetings are held with SSIs/ Associations

and a number of other organizations for assistance to SSIs.
d) Safety Awards - A number of programmes are conducted for Safety Award

functions and Safety Awards are awarded to industries.
Other Activities in 2001
As per Chemical Accidents (Emergency, Planning, Preparedness and Response)

Rule 1996, Crisis Group at 6 state, district and local levels are prepared and mock
drills of such plans are conducted regularly. The DISH has promoted the MARG in
Bhandup, Mulund, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Tarapur, Kalyan, and Raigad areas.
Awareness and preparedness training programs are conducted through MARG
regularly for taking action in the event of any chemical accident.
8.1.5 Inspection Activities
Although the Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health is an enforcing agency, it

has been observed that the stress of the department is more on the
implementation and training front rather than enforcement. However, 23471
factories were inspected. Number of inspections and visits to MAH factories
during the year is 358.
8.1.6 Prosecutions and Convictions
The Chapter 10 of the Factories Act provides for penalties and procedures for
violation of the provisions. The analysis shows that prosecutions have been
carried out under Section 92 of the Factories Act. The Section 92 of the Factories
Act speaks about the general penalties for offences.
There were 770 prosecutions under section 92. 3309 cases were pending from
the previous year while 280 cases were decided and 236 were convicted finally
with an imposition of Penalty of Rs.1351 000/- which goes towards State income.
Under Section 92 of the Factories Act Penal Cases:

Pending from the previous year 3309
Launched during 2001 770
Decided during the year 280
Convicted during the year 236
Total Penalty Imposed Rs. 1351000/ -
8.2 OFFICE OF THE LABOUR COMMISSIONER
8.2.1 Objectives
The office of the Commissioner, Labour is assigned with the duties and
functions relating to Industrial Relations, Labour Welfare, Enforcement of
Labour Legislative besides Implementation of Labour Welfare and Social
Security Schemes. The officials in the Labour Department are also
appointed and declared as authorities performing quasi-judicial executive
functions under various Labour Legislations of both the Central and State
Government.
8.2.2 Functions
In order to achieve the aims and objectives, the office ensures

administration of balanced industrial relations, strict enforcement of Labour
Legislation, ensuring welfare benefits under the statute to workmen in both
organized and unorganized sector equally, timely revision of minimum
rates of wages in Scheduled Employment and their proper enforcement.
8.3 MAHARASHTRA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

8.3.1 The Indian economy has grown at a rapid pace during the last few decades with
industry as an important constituent of growth. At the same time the natural
environment is being damaged by extensive pollution by industries, vehicle traffic,
deforestation, etc. To look after the environmental problems the Government of
Maharashtra has created a separate department for Environment in 1985.
However, well before that "Maharashtra Pollution Control Board" constituted in
1970 under "Maharashtra Prevention of Water Pollution Act, 1969" has been in
force to look after the environmental problems in the State.
The Board is in the State regularly monitoring environmental water quality

of main rivers every month at 38 locations under Global Environmental
Monitoring System (GEMS) & Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic
Resources (MINARS) projects. Out of these 38 locations, at 15 locations
the water quality is found to be deteriorated during the year 2001-02. The
Board has also monitored the overall environmental quality at 177 other
locations out of which at 62 locations the water quality was deteriorated,
since Bio-oxygen Demand (BOI) was exceeding the limits. The main
reasons for this are discharge of domestic effluent in the river without
treatment and very limited flow in the river after monsoon.
The ambient air quality in Brihanmumbai is monitored by Municipal

Corporation of Brihanmumbai at 6 locations. It has been decided to monitor
at 26 stations under the project National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
(NAAQM) in the state. Out of these Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
(MPCB) is monitoring air quality at 5 occasions, the remaining 21 stations
are monitored by the educational institutes. During 2001-02, at 2 locations,
NOx concentration was found above the standard and at 6 locations SPM
level (Suspended Particulate Matter) was found above the standard
The Government of India has recently enacted bio-medical (Management and

Handling) Rules, 1998 and Government of Maharashtra has appointed
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board as its implementing authority. The board has
already started preparing inventory of bio-medical waste generating hospitals/
medical institutions. Till the end of March, 2002, the board has given authorization
to 743 medical institutions.
For proper and planned industrialization, work of preparation of zoning

atlas is undertaken by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board in association
with Central Pollution Control Board. Zoning atlas work for Ratnagiri district
is now completed and for Aurangabad and Pune districts, is in final stages
and is expected to be completed by March, 2003.

The board collects data on various aspects of water and air pollution from all
major establishments in the state and regularly monitors them. During 2001-02,
under ‘Water and Air Pollution Act’ the board has issued 8976 consents to various
industries to establish or expand as against 7430 consents issued during 200-01.
As per the provision under the Act, the board collect water cess from the specified
industries and local bodies on the basis of consumption of water. Amount of Rs.
6.45 crore and Rs. 12.67 crore was collected as water cess during the year 200-
01 and 2001-02, respectively.
The board monitors the polluting industries for their pollution control operations
and action is taken against defaulters. The information regarding the details of
legal action taken against defaulting industries is given in table below:

Year Number of legal actions under section
33A of Water (P&CP) Act, 31A of Air (P&CP) Act, 1981
1974
Proposed Final Proposed Final
1998- 311 124 39 16
99
1999- 302 230 69 36
00
2000- 317 136 35 5
01
2001- 298 67 103 20
02
8.3.2 Activities of the Board Including Various Functions:
Functions Performed under the Act: The functions of the State Board

as specified in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
Functions under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974:
a) to plan a comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or

abatement of pollution of streams and wells in the State and to
secure the execution thereof;
b) to advice the State Government on any matter concerning the prevention,
control or abatement of water pollution;
c) to collect and disseminate information relating to water pollution and the
prevention, control or abatement thereof;
d) to encourage, conduct and participate in investigations and research

relating to problems of water pollution and prevention, control or
abatement of water pollution;
e) to collaborate with the Central Board in organizing the training of persons
engaged or to the engaged in programmes relating to prevention, control
or abatement of water pollution and to organize mass education
programmes relating thereto;
f) sewage and trade effluents and to review plants, specifications or other

data relating to plants set up for the treatment of water, works for the
purification thereof and the system for the disposal of sewage or trade
effluents or in connection with the grant of consent as required by this Act;
g) to lay down, modify or annual effluent standards for the sewage and trade
effluents and for the quality of receiving waters (not being water in an
interstate stream) resulting from the discharge of effluents and to classify
waters of the State;
h) for the prevention, control or abatement of discharge of waste into

streams or wells;
i) to advise the State Government with respect to the location of any
industry the carrying on of which is likely to pollute a stream or well;

j) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed or may, from time
to time, be entrusted to it by the Central Board or the State Government.
Functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:

a) to plan a comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution and to
secure the execution thereof;
b) to advise the State Government on any matter concerning the prevention,
control, or abatement of air pollution;
c) to collect and disseminate information relating to air pollution;
d) to collaborate with the Central Board in organizing the training of persons
engaged or to be engaged in programmes relating to prevention, control or
abatement of air pollution and to organize mass education programme
relating thereof;
e) to inspect, at all reasonable times, any control equipment, the prevention,
control or abatement of air pollution in such areas the prevention, control
or abatement of air pollution in such areas; such directions to such
persons as it may consider necessary to take steps for the prevention,
control or abatement of air pollution;
f) to advise the State Government with respect to the suitability of any
premises or location for carrying on any industry which is likely to cause air
pollution.
8.3.3 Objectives and Approach:
The functions listed above are directed towards the effective control of water and
air pollution and thus to maintain and restore, wherever necessary the
wholesomeness of water for various designated best uses and to preserve the
quality of air as per requirement of ambient air quality. The Goa State Pollution
Control Board aims to achieve these objectives through:
- Control on quality effluents and emissions from existing industrial units by

periodical analysis of their effluent and emission samples.
- Maintain suitable industrial development by selecting non-polluting

industries and the industries with effective effluent treatment
arrangements.
- Developing Data Base to prepare water use and water quality maps and
air quality zoning.
8.4 DIRECTORATE OF INDUSTRIES AND MINES
8.4.1 Small Scale Industries (SSI) :
The SSI sector is a vital segment of the economy, contributing substantially in the
form of production, employment and export. This sector creates large employment
opportunities in low capital cost. For speedy growth of SSI sector in the state, the
Government, has already brought about simplifications in the SSI registration
procedures. The investment limit for SSI units has been reduced from Rs.3 crore
to Rs.1 crore. For tiny sector, this limit has been increased from Rs.5 lakh to Rs.2
lakh. For small-scale service and business enterprises sector, the investment limit
has been increased upto Rs.1303 lakh. The composite term loan limit for SSI
units has been increased from RS.2 lakh to Rs.5 lakh. The investment limit for SSI
units in the category of hand tools and hosiery has been enhanced upto Rs.5
crore. The total number of SSI units in the state as on 30th November, 2002 was
3.71 lakh. The total capital investment and employment therein at the time of
registration was Rs.868 crore and 26.98 lakh, respectively.
8.4.2 Minerals:

The potential mineral bearing area in the state is about 58 thousand sq. km. (i. e.
about 19 per cent of the total geographical area of the state) which is mainly
concentrated in the districts of Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Nagpur,
Yavatmal, Kolhapur, Satara, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Thane. The major
minerals found in the state according to their production are coal, limestone,
bauxite, manganese ore, silica sand and laterite. The details of production of
major minerals in the state during 2001-02 are given in the following table:
Percentage increase/
Production (in lakh
Major minerals
tones) decrease over the
previous year
Coal 308.30 7.2
Laterite 1.17 41.0
Manganese ore 3.88 6.9
Bauxite 10.78 5.0
Silica sand 1.25 (-)25.6
Limestone 62.49 3.0
During the year 2001-02, the total value of minerals production in the state was
Rs.2402 crore showing increase of 7.2 per cent over the previous year. The value
(Rs.2,254 crore) of coal extracted during 2001-02 accounted 94 per cent of the total
value of minerals extracted.
8.5 MAHARASHTRA STATE TEXTILE CORPORATION
The Maharashtra State Textile Corporation (MSTC) was incorporated in the State in
the year 1966. The Government of Maharashtra has decided in January, 2001 to
closing down the textile mills run by the MSTC owing to heavy losses incurred by
them. Up-to the end of December, 2002, six mills are closed and now three mills
are with the MSTC. The labour component of the mills with the MSTC was 3,300.
These mills together have 70,000 spindles and one thousand looms. The turnover
of mills during the year 2001-02 was Rs.73.27 crore as compared to Rs.I08.23
crore during 2000-01. Its production value during April to December, 2002 was
about Rs.24 crore as against Rs.58 crore for the corresponding period of the
previous year.
8.6 MAHARASHTRA STATE KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES BOARD
The Maharashtra State Khadi and Village Industries Board (MSKVIB) was
incorporated in the year 1962 under the Bombay Khadi and Village Industries Act,
1960. The main functions of the Board are to organize, develop and expand
activities of Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) in the State. The Board provides
financial assistance to individuals, registered institutions and co-operatives. It also
provides technical guidance and training to individual beneficiaries and makes
arrangement in marketing of products of village industries, etc.
Details of financial assistance made available by various financial institutions and

the State Government to KVI sector in the state are given in the following table:

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 (Expected)
Agency
Loan Grant Tota Loan Grant Tota Loan Grant Tota
s s l s s l s s l
Khadi&
Village
126 -- 126 301 -- 301 -- -- --
Industries
Commissio
n
Banks* 2985 -- 2985 3973 -- 3973 646 -- 646
State
-- 1276 1276 -- 1348 1348 -- 1067 1067
Governmen
t
Total 3111 1276 4387 4274 1348 5622 646 1067 1713
* These includes nationalized banks, co-operative banks and other financial institutions.
Source.- Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2002-03.
Presently, 116 categories of industries are in the purview of the KVl sector. Under
Artisan Employment Guarantee Scheme, employment opportunities were
provided to 3.58 lakh artisans during 2001-02, as compared to 3.54 lakh artisans
for the previous year. It is expected that during 2002-03, employment
opportunities will be provided to 3.62 lakh artisans.
The Board is also implementing a special scheme of bee keeping in the Western
Ghat Region of the state. The board had distributed 24,567 bee boxes up-to the
end of 2001-02. From these bee boxes 3863 kg. honey was produced.
The physical achievements for entire KVI sector under all programmes of the
board are given in the following table.

Employment
Value of production
provided
Year in units assisted (Rs.
crore)
(Artisans in lakh)

2000-01 1036 4.85

2001-02 1058 4.92
2002-03
1076 5.02
(Estimated)
Source : Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03.
8.7 MAHARASHTRA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) was established in

1962 under Maharashtra Industrial Development Act, 1961 for commuting rapid
orderly growth and developing industries in industrial areas in the State. The MIDC
supplies developed plots with necessary infra-structural facilities like internal roads,
water, electricity and other internal services to entrepreneurs in the industrial areas.
The State Government is implementing following important programmes through
MIDC, (1) Establishment of 61 Growth Centres covering entire State, (2)
Establishment of Mini-industrial Areas to cover all the talukas in the State, (3)
Establishment of 5 Growth Centres with assistance from the Central Government
and (4) Setting up of 'Five Star' Industrial Areas at 10 centers as declared in the
'Industry, Trade and Commerce Policy, 1995' of the State.
The MIDC has constructed sheds in selected industrial areas. By the end of March,
2002, development of 264 industrial areas was allotted to MIDC, out of which 100
were large, 66 were growth centers (61 with State Government and 5 with
assistance from the Central Government) and 98 were mini-industrial areas. As on
31st March, 2002, the total planned area of the MIDC was 87,634 hectares, of
which 52,223 hectares (60 percent) area was in its possession. The total area of
allotted plots was 18.1 thousand hectares. The total water supply capacity of MIDC
was 1.941 million litres per day. The performance of MIDC in 2000-01and 2001-02
is given in the following table.
Cumulative as at
Item 2000-01 2001-02
the end of 2001-
02
Plots carved out 1131 975 51856
Plots allotted 694 665 43048
Sheds constructed 60 24 4069
Sheds allotted 18 1284 4970
Units in production 534 513 23290
Units under construction -- 95 3274
Total investment in units (Rs. In

-- 4805 22155
Crore)

8.8 DIRECTORATE OF HEALTH SERVICES
8.8.1 Introduction
The Directorate of Health Services (DHS) provide primary health care and family
welfare services to the public at large and particularly to those living in rural areas.
Various national programmes launched deliver primary health care services and
help in developing rural health infrastructure. The stress was laid in health policy
programmes implemented in providing preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative health care services through its CHCs/PHCs and District Hospitals.
Maharashtra has one of the most extensive health systems in India as health care
services are made available to the people at door steps and hence the State is
considered as one of the best performing state in India in the matter of Health and
Medical Care as it has achieved most of the targets set for the nation for the
year 2002.
As far as infrastructure of health services is concerned, by the end of 200 1

there is a good network of 1768 Primary Health Centres, 9725 Sub Centres
besides 1544 rural medical dispensaries and 1102 hospitals. Special
clinics for implementation of various national programmes, such as, family
welfare, TB, Leprosy, STD, AIDS, Malaria, Filaria, Control of Blindness,
etc. provide health care services. A Medical Store Depot procures
necessary medicines, drugs/equipment and machineries and distribute
them to the hospitals/health centers under the control of DHS as per their
requirements.
The implementation of all the national programmes, such as, Family

Welfare, MCH, TB, Malaria and Other Vector Home Diseases, Leprosy,
Control of Blindness and STD are headed by CMOs. The Institute of
Nursing Education is headed by a Principal. The Primary Health and
Community Health Centres are manned by Health Officers/Medical Officers
and assisted by trained/qualified staff and para-medical staff. The sub-
centers are looked after by Health Workers, while, RMDs are manned by
Rural Medical Officer.

8.8.2 Achievement During 2000-2001 : The emphasis of the Public Health sector is on

the consolidation of infra-structural facilities such as sub-centers, primary health
centers and community health care centers, so as to reach health services to all
comers of the state. More recently the emphasis has been given to mental health
care. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) control, cancer control and
special health facilities in the tribal areas. The problems of malaria, gastro enteritis
and other water born diseases are prevalent during monsoon season, particularly
in tribal districts like Thane, Nashik, Dhule, Nandurbar, Amaravati and Gadchiroli.
To control these and other diseases various programmes are being implemented
in the state. By the end of 2001, there were Public and Government aided 1,102
hospitals, 1,544 dispensaries, 1,768 primary health centers and 9,725 sub-
centers in the state implementing these programmes. These services have
appreciably helped to improve the health standard of the people in the state,
which is evident from the relatively low crude death rate (7.5) and low infant
mortality rate (48) for the year 1999 for Maharashtra State as compared with the
rates of 8.7 and 70, respectively for all India.
8.8.3 National Programmes
Family Welfare:
The main objective of the family welfare programme is to stabilize population and
improve quality of life of the people. The effective implementation of population
control programme has reflected in the relatively low birth rate of 21.0 in the state
as compared with that of 25.8 for All India for the year 2000. The percentage of
eligible couples effectively protected by the various family planning methods
under the family welfare programme was 60.9 as observed in the National Family
Health Survey of 1998 (NFHS-2) in the state as against 48.2 for All India. Out of
the total eligible couples in the state, 52.2 percent were covered under the
sterilization methods.
Pulse Polio Programme:
The WorId Health Organisation has aimed at making the world 'Polio Free'. As a
part of this, the Health Department of the Government of India decided to
implement the pulse polio programme throughout the country. To eradicate polio
throughout the country, in addition to the regular immunization programme,
additional two oral doses of polio vaccine every year were administered to the
children in the age group 0-5 years the years 1995-96 to 2001-02 except four
doses during 1999-2000. During current year 2 additional doses to about 118 lakh
children in the state were administered.
Special School Health Programme
Under this programme, medical check up of the students in standard 1 to

IV is done every year. During the year 2000-01, such programme was
taken up in November, 2000 and about 70 lakh students from 64,092
schools throughout the state were examined and primary treatment was
given for minor illness and referral services were provided for major illness.
An expenditure of Rs.2.31 crore is expected under this scheme during
2001-02.
Savitribai Phule Kanya Kalyan Scheme
As per the state's new population policy the scheme is modified with effect
from 1st April, 2000. This scheme is applicable only for below poverty line families
and having one or two daughters and no male child and accepting sterilization.
This scheme is divided into two parts, under first part an incentive of Rs.10000 in
the form of fixed deposit for 18 years in the name of daughter(s) is given to the
couples with no male child accepting terminal method after one or two daughters.
If beneficiaries couple has two daughters an amount of Rs.5000 will be provided
for each daughters. Under 2nd part of the scheme an additional incentive of
Rs.5,000 each for beneficiary daughter will be provided as a fixed deposit for five
years who completes here schooling up-to Std. X and does not get married before
20 years of age
National AIDS Control Programme: The National AIDS (Acquired Immune

Deficiency Syndrome) Control Project is a 100 per cent centrally
sponsored scheme and is being implemented in the country with the
assistance from the World Bank. In the phase-I the project was sanctioned for the
period September, 1992 to March, 1999. The phase-II project is being
implemented in the state (except Brihanmumbai) through the Maharashtra State
AIDS Control Society from April, 1999. The phase-II is also planned with World
Bank assistance for a period 1999-2004.
During 2000-01 and 2001-02, the Maharashtra State AIDS Control Society
(MSACS) received funds of Rs.8.53 crore and Rs.3 crore respectively. The
Society has spent Rs.7.67 crore in 2000-01 and Rs.5.51 crore upto the end of
December, 2001.
AIDS Control Programme for Brihanmumbai
Brihanmumbai, "Mumbai Districts AIDS Control Society (MDACS) was

established in July, 1998 by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Mumbai
being the economic capital of India, has maximum inflow of diversified population
with layers of complexities. It has huge floating population. Considering this factor
HIV/AIDS has become vibrant serious issue in Mumbai. More than 50 per cent of
cases in the country are reported from Maharashtra of which more than 50
percent are from Mumbai.
Since 1999-2000 Mumbai Districts AIDS Control Society received funds of

Rs.23.37 crore. The Society has spent Rs.15.23 crore up-to the end of October,
2001. The MDACS is implementing this programme in collaboration with 13 NGOs
at 13 different places in Brihanmumbai and has established 13 STDs centers and
16 Voluntary Test Centres for STDs. Similarly, MDACS has launched AIDS
Awareness Campaign all over Brihanmumbai.
8.9 MUMBAI PORT TRUST
8.9.1 Structure and Functioning of the Department
Administrative Set-up:
The management and administration of the Mumbai Port Trust are carried
out by the Chairman for and on behalf of the Board of Trustees constituted
under the provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963. The Chairman is
assisted by Deputy Chairman and Heads of Department.
For administrative convenience, working of the Port is divided broadly among the
following departments. Each "Head of Department" who is appointed by the
Ministry of Shipping, functions within the powers delegated to him under the
provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963.
General Administration Department:
The General Administration Department functions as a Secretariat of the Port

Trust and its other functions and responsibilities, inter-alia include personnel
matters, labour issues, management of legal matters, security affairs, public
relations, watch and ward, estate, inter departmental co-ordination and assistance
to the Chairman/Deputy Chairman in day-to-day matters regarding information,
direction and policy.
Traffic Department
Traffic Department is headed by the Traffic Manager. This Department is

responsible for all operations connected with landing, receipt, storage, delivery
and shipment of goods and documentation relating thereto, embarkation and
disembarkation of passengers, control of traffic in Port Area, an terminal railway
operations.
Civil Engineering Department
Civil Engineering Department is headed by the Chief Engineer. This Department

is responsible for all the Civil Engineering works being executed by the Port Trust.
The duties of this department inter-alia comprise construction, maintenance and
repairs of the quays/jetties, sheds, buildings, roads, railways, water supply
drainage repairs, capital dredging and development of land acquired by the Port.
Finance Department

The Finance Department is headed by the Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts
Officer. This Department is responsible for the preparation of budget estimates,
investment of surplus funds, maintenance of accounts of income/expenditure,
proposals involving finance, checking estimates for work, etc. Besides, the
department arranges the internal audit of the various departments and carries out
periodical verification of stores and inventories
Medical Department
The Medical Department is headed by the Chief Medical Officer. This

Department looks after the Medical Services of the Port Trust
Mechanical Engineering Department
The Mechanical Engineering Department is headed by the Chief

Mechanical Engineer. This Department looks after the operation and
maintenance of Mechanical Ore Handling Plant, other cargo handling
equipment and all other mechanical/electrical works of the port. This
department is also responsible for acquisition, installation and maintenance
of the Port crafts, locomotives, wagons, other items of machinery and
automobiles. A fully equipped Mechanical/Electrical Workshop is
maintained by this Department to cater to all the maintenance work.
Marine Department
The Marine Department is headed by the Deputy Conservator. This department is

in-charge of all the navigation and marine conservancy services which include
pilotage, berthing/un-berthing of vessels, marine surveys, salvaging operations,
receiver of wreck, etc. The various crafts like mooring barge, tugs, survey/pilot
launches, etc. are also manned and operated under this department. This
department also carries out the maintenance dredging and is in-charge of the fire
fighting and pollution control services and also communication services between
ships and the Port.

Planning and Management Services Department:
This Department is headed by the Director. It is in-charge of the corporate

planning, economic evaluation of future projects and plans, preparation of
feasibility reports, and collection, compilation, analysis and maintenance of
comprehensive data on traffic, shipping and utilization of port equipment
and crafts, submission of management information, dissemination of
information to Ministry and other agencies, traffic forecast, market surveys
and trade promotion, Port's hinterland studies, inhouse training and human
resources development, centralized record keeping system, library,
information and publicity services.
Materials Management Department:
Headed by the Materials Manager, this Department is in-charge of

procurement, stocking and inventory control of all the stores, materials,
consumables required for Port Operations and maintenance including
acquisition of spares for the Port's Mechanical Ore Handling Plant and
floating crafts like, tugs, dredgers, launches, etc.
Cargo Handling Labour Department:
This Department is headed by the Chief Manager. The function of the Department
is to ensure greater regularity of employment to dock workers and to ensure that
an adequate number of dock workers is available for the efficient performance of
dock work.
8.9.2 Accidents Occurred During 2001 :
Fatal Non-Fatal
Sr.
Causation
No. Port Non-Port Port Non-Port
Area Area Area Area
1 Striking against object -- --
2 Falling of object -- --
5 40
3 Person falling -- --
4 Others -- --
Total 5 -- 40 --
Cargo Handled in lakh tones during 2000-01 and 2001-02 at MPT:
2001-02 2000-01
Coastal Cargo 81.3 88.2
Overseas Cargo 165.6 155.6
Total 246.9 243.8
8.10 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT TRUST
8.10.1 Structure and Functioning of the Department
Administrative Set-up:

The management and administration of the IN Port Trust are carried out by the
Chairman for and on behalf of the Board of Trustees constituted under the
provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963. The Chairman is assisted by Deputy
Chairman and Heads of Department.
For administrative convenience, working of the Port is divided broadly

among the following departments. Each "Head of Department" who is
appointed by the Ministry of Shipping, functions within the powers
delegated to him under the provisions of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963
General Administration Department:
The General Administration Department functions as a Secretariat of the Port

Trust headed by Chief Manager (Administration and Secretary) and its other
functions and responsibilities, inter -alia include personnel matters, labour issues,
management of legal matters, security affairs, public relations, watch and ward,
estate, inter departmental co ordination and assistance to the Chairman/Deputy
Chairman in day-to-day matters regarding information, direction and policy.
Traffic Department:
Traffic Department is headed by the Chief Manager (Operations). This

Department is responsible for all operations connected with landing, receipt,
storage, delivery and shipment of goods and documentation relating thereto,
embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, control of traffic in Port Area, and
terminal railway operations.
Civil Engineering Department:
Civil Engineering Department is headed by the Chief Manager (PPD). This

Department is responsible for all the Civil Engineering works being executed by
the Port Trust. The duties of this department inter-alia comprise construction,
maintenance and repairs of the quays/jetties, sheds, buildings, roads, railways,
water supply drainage repairs, capital dredging and development of land acquired
by the Port.
Finance Department:
The Finance Department is headed by the Financial Advisor and Chief Accounts
Officer. This Department is responsible for the preparation of budget estimates,
investment of surplus funds, maintenance of accounts of income/expenditure,
proposals involving finance, checking estimates for work, etc. Besides, the
department arranges the internal audit of the various departments and carries out
periodical verification of stores and inventories.
Medical Department:
The Medical Department is headed by the Chief Medical Officer. This Department
looks after the Medical Services of the Port Trust.
Mechanical Engineering Department :
The Mechanical Engineering Department is headed by the Chief Manager

(Operations). This Department looks after the operation and maintenance of
Mechanical Ore Handling Plant, other cargo handling equipment and all other
mechanical/electrical works. of the port. This department is also responsible for
acquisition, installation and maintenance of the Port crafts, locomotives, wagons,
other items of machinery and automobiles. A fully equipped Mechanical/Electrical
Workshop is maintained by this Department to cater to all the maintenance work.
Marine Department:
The Marine Department is headed by the Deputy Conservator. This department is

in-charge of all the navigation and marine conservancy services which include
pilotage, berthing/un-berthing of vessels, marine surveys, salvaging operations,
receiver of wreck, etc. The various crafts like mooring barge, tugs, survey/pilot
launches, etc. are also manned and operated under this department. This
department also carries out the maintenance dredging and is in-charge of the fire
fighting and pollution control services and also communication services between
ships and the Port.
Planning and Management Services Department:
This Department is headed by the Chief Manager (PPD). It is in-charge of the

corporate planning, economic evaluation of future projects and plans, preparation
of feasibility reports, and collection, compilation, analysis and maintenance of
comprehensive data on traffic, shipping and utilization of port equipment and
crafts, submission of management information, dissemination of information to
Ministry and other agencies, traffic forecast, market surveys and trade promotion,
Port’s hinterland studies, in-house training and human resources development,
centralized record keeping system, library, information and publicity services.
Materials Management Department:
Headed by the Chief Manager (Operations), this Department is in-charge

of procurement, stocking and inventory control of all the stores, materials,
consumables required for Port Operations and maintenance including
acquisition of spares and floating crafts’ like, tugs, dredgers, launches, etc.
Cargo Handling Labour Department:
This Department is headed by the Chief Manager. The function of the

Department is to ensure greater regularity of employment to dock workers
and to ensure that an adequate number of dock workers is available for the
efficient performance of dock work.
8.10.2 Cargo Handled at JNPT in lakh Tons:
2001-02 : 225

2000-01 : 186
8.10.3 Cargo handled at 48 minor ports in 2001-02 was 49.77 lakh tones as against
60.40 lakh tones during 2000-0 I.
8.11 DIRECTORATE GENERAL FACTORY ADVICE SERVICE AND LABOUR

INSTITUTES (DGFASLI)
8.11.1 Introduction:
The Directorate General of Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes

(DGFASLI) formerly known as Chief Adviser of Factories was set up in
1945 in Delhi, with the objective of advising the Central and State
Governments on administration of the Factories Act and liaisoning of
factories inspection services in the States. The office was subsequently
shifted to Mumbai in 1966.
DGFASLI achieved significant importance as an attached office of the

Ministry of Labour, Government of India serving as a technical arm to
assist the Ministry in formulation of National policies on Occupational
Safety and Health in Factories and Docks.
The Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Act 1986 and the Regulations
1990 provide for Safety, Health and Welfare of dock workers. These are enforced
by the DGFASLI through the Inspectorates of Dock Safety set up in all the major
ports in India.
8.11.2 Functions:
- Rendering advice and carrying out support research activities for the
administration of the Factories Act. and the Dock Workers (Safety, Health
and Welfare) Act ,1986.
- Co-ordinating technical and legal activities to facilitate uniform standards of

enforcement of safety and health in manufacturing and port sectors.
- Administering the Dock Workers (Safety, Health & Welfare) Act, 1986 and
Regulations framed there under and enforcing them in the major ports of the
country.
- Educating and training employers and employees on matters relating to

safety and health.
- Conducting promotional activities by operating schemes for recognition of

good suggestions under Vishwakarma Rashtriya Puraskar and good safety
performance under National Safety Awards on behalf of the Ministry.
- Co-operating with International Agencies like ILO, WHO, UNDP and advising
the Central Government in adoption of the international standards
concerning safety and health.
- Training of foreign nationals and rendering expert advice to developing

countries.
- Building Competence of enforcement agencies.
- Issuing approval to flameproof electrical enclosures.
- Collecting and disseminating information and material relating to safety and

health.

8.11.3 Organisation
DGFASLI organisation comprises of the headquarters, the 5 Labour

Institutes and 11 Inspectorates of Dock Safety.
- Headquarters situated in Mumbai
- Central Labour Institute in Mumbai
- Regional Labour Institutes in Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur and Faridabad
- Inspectorates of Dock Safety at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Kandla,

Mormugao, Tuticorin, New Mangalore, Cochin, Visakhapatnam, Paradip and
Jawaharlal Nehru Port.
In 1959, the Central Labour Institute, Mumbai was established under

UNDP Project as a socio-economic laboratory and as a national institute
dealing with scientific study of all human aspects of industrial development.
Subsequently, Regional Labour Institutes were established at Kolkata,
Kanpur, Chennai and Faridabad to serve as Regional Centres.
The Labour Institutes are fully equipped with necessary laboratory facilities for
conducting studies and surveys in the field of safety and health. The Institutes are
also having conference facilities fully supported with modern audio-visual
equipment. Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare Centres are also established at
these Labour Institutes. Apart from this Mobile Safety Exhibition Van are also
available for taking the massage of safety and health to the doorsteps of factories.
Training Centres and Safety Exhibition Centre are also established in some of the
inspectorates of dock safety.
The Regional Labour Institute at Faridabad is under construction. It is being

operated from a rented premise.

8.11.4 Staff Strength
The organisation is headed by the Director General and assisted by three Deputy
Director Generals, two posted in Headquarters looking after Factory Advise
Services and Dock Safety aspects; and one posted in Central Labour Institute.
Each of the divisions at Headquarters and CLI and RLIs are headed by officers at
the level of Director.
The manpower inventory of the organization as on Ist January, 2002 is

446 as against the sanctioned strength of 530, which include 182 Technical
personnel in position as against the sanctioned strength of 231 and 264
Administrative personnel as against the sanctioned strength of 299. The posts at
RLI, Faridabad are yet to be created.
8.12 NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION (NGO)
8.12.1 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL
Background:
The National Safety Council (NSC) was set up on the 4th March, 1966 by the
Ministry of Labour through seven signatories
Objectives:
The overall objective of the NSC is to generate, develop and sustain a voluntary
movement of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) at the national level.
Structure:

It is managed by a 51 Member Independent Board of Governors headed by

Chairman who is nominated by the Government of India. The NSC has 14
Chapters, 27 Action Centres covering 21 States and one Union Territory.
Activities: The main activities of the NSC are
* Training: Specialised and In-plant
* Conferences, Seminars and Workshops
* Safety Audit, Awareness Survey and Consultancy Services
* NSCI Safety Awards
* Campaigns - National Safety Day/Week, Fire Services Week, World

Environment Day
* Projects - National Safety Calendar, HSE Diary
* Publications, etc.

8.12.2 CENTRAL BOARD FOR WORKERS EDUCATION

Organizational Set-Up:

The Board has its headquarter at Nagpur. It operates through a network of
49 Regional Directorates and 9 Sub-Regional Directorates located in
various parts of the country. There are four Zonal Directorates at Delhi,
Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai to monitor and supervise the training
activities of the Regional Directorates in their respective zone.

The Board carries out its activities at three levels, viz. National, Regional
and Unit and conducts various training programmes. The national level
programmes are conducted by the Boar's apex training Institute called
Indian Institute of Workers Education established in 1970 at Mumbai.

The primary aim of establishing the Indian Institute of Workers Education is
to enable the Board to conduct national level training programmes for
achieving its objectives, to develop stronger and more responsible trade
unions, to promote the growth of democratic process in trade union
organization and administration, to equip organized labour to take its place
in a democratic society, to inculcate in them 'Nation First" approach based
on community of interests.

The Institute serves as a demonstration and information center and acts as
a nucleus around which specialized schemes for training and education to
labour are evolved. It also serves as a clearing-house of knowledge for
Regional and Sub-Regional Directorates of the Board. It conducts research
in developing and perfecting methods and tools of teaching for Indian
Workers.

The Institute is designed to function as an inter-disciplinary training center.
Also draws experiences of foreign countries in implementation of workers
education programmes and adapts them to fit in the Indian environment. It
serves as a laboratory where certain experiments in the attitudinal changes
are carried out.

Coverage:

Board's training programmes cover workers of organized, unorganized,
rural and informal sectors. Supervisory and managerial cadres are also
covered through Joint Educational Programmes. High-level self-financing
seminars are also organized for top-level executives and Trade Union
leaders

8.12.3 LOSS PREVENTION ASSOCIATION OF INDIA LTD. (LPA)

Introduction:

LPA is a non-profit organization having its headquarter at Mumbai and
branch offices at New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kochi
Employs a team of professionals from various technological fields to carry
out its activities. Many of the services offered by LPA can be availed by its
associate members only.

Activities:

Engaged in promoting safety and loss control through education, training,
seminars, workshops and consultancy. The training programmes are
designed for supervisory and managerial personnel. Disseminate
information through its quarterly journal - Loss Prevention News and Road
Safety Digest.

RESOURCES AVAILABLE AND NEEDED FOR MANAGEMENT OF

OSH

During the study, the team visited departments and organizations dealing with
occupational safety and health in the manufacturing sector with a view to
establish inventory of occupational safety and health information in the State of
Maharashtra. The activities of these departments and resources available at their
disposal were examined to determine the problems faced by the organizations in
the matters of occupational safety and health and further resources needed in
order to effectively manage occupational safety and health at the state level.

The scope of the study was limited to cover the organizations connected with
safety and health at the state level. Occupational safety and health management
at the unit level in the factories covered under the Factories Act was limited only
to the information available in the annual returns and accident forms. Detailed
analysis in the areas related to functioning of Safety Committees, availability of
safety reports, creches, etc. as per the provisions of the Factories Act in each of
the units was not undertaken as it was beyond the defined scope of this study. In
order to identify these problems, more elaborate in- depth study is required to be
taken up to get comprehensive information on management of occupational
safety and health at unit level.

The findings and recommendations, as brought out during the study of the data
based on the year 2001, are summarized below:

RECOMMENDATIONS

1) In the year 2001, in the state of Maharashtra, 177 fatal injuries and 9159
non-fatal injuries occurred. A District-wise annual action plan may be
prepared by the DISH to reduce the high number of accidents.

2) All the
field offices should be provided with computer and required software
to keep the accident records, annual returns, etc. updated. Connectivity
should be provided with the Head office of DISH and Statistical Cell of
DGFASLI to facilitate keeping of updated records and its ready availability.

3) Emphasis should be laid on a system to develop on-line submission
of annual returns, notification of accidents, etc. by factories.

4) During the year 2001, there were 177 fatal accidents, out of which 32
persons died in explosion. Therefore, due consideration should be given
for work environment monitoring, especially for the chemical industries.

5) The
second major cause of fatal accidents was 'persons falling' in which
28 persons died. Also due to this cause 1080 non-fatal accidents occurred.
The industries may be advised to take adequate precautions for 'working at
height' by providing personal protective equipment, toe guards and
adequate training to the workers. Proper supervision of the workplace also
should be ensured.

6) Third major cause of fatal accidents was fire in which 24 persons died.
Adequate precautions for fire prevention should be taken in factories as
required under the Maharashtra Factories Rule, 1963. Regular fire drills
should be undertaken and records maintained.

7) Fourth major contributing factor of
fatal accidents is by 'machinery moved by mechanical means in which
23 persons expired and 1613 injured. This reveals that adequate safety
precautions were not taken to guard the moving parts. Another reason for
above could be the change of job of these workers without proper
training/retraining in the safety and health related aspect pertaining to their
jobs.

It is recommended that the need for training and retraining of workers in
safety and health aspects at regular intervals, and also when there is a
change in their job should be brought to the notice of the occupiers or
managers. Further, the occupiers can also be directed to introduce a
suggestion scheme/incentive scheme and other motivational tools for
promoting safety and health at work place.

8) Almost 30% of non-fatal accidents were caused due to fall of persons,
fall of object, stepping, striking and struck against and about 20% are due
to caught in between objects. This may be due to bad housekeeping,
improper work procedure, unsafe system of work, unsafe operating
procedures, etc.

It is recommended that the occupiers or the managers of the factories
should be intimated about their statutory obligations for designing and
implementing, maintaining good housekeeping, suitable work procedures,
permits to work system and safe system of work. They should be advised
to design work procedures in respect of all the jobs and the system.
Monitoring implementation of procedure should also be emphasized upon
and ensured.

9) Material handling, tools, implements, appliances used on the shop floor,
machines and indoors are the major agencies causing accidents.

It is, therefore, suggested that the occupiers/managers of the factories
should be advised on:

i) design, maintenance and proper use of material handling equipment
ii) safe use of tools, appliances and equipment
iii) adequate guarding of machinery, and
iv) plant layout and housekeeping

10) The analysis of accidents with respect to the location of injuries reveals that

maximum percentage of the bodily injury has occurred to Upper Limb Portion. The
head, hands and foot are the body parts, which are frequently injured in
accidents. This indicates that proper protection of these body parts is not ensured
at workplace. Therefore the occupiers should be advised to provide appropriate
personal protective equipment to their workers and ensure its proper use.
11) The Department of Health Services in the State has 1768 Primary Health
Centres, 9725 Sub-centers besides 1544 Rural medical dispensaries and 1102
hospitals.
It is suggested that all medical practitioners in these hospitals should also be

exposed/trained in occupational health. Their extensive training in the field of
occupational health will improve their skills in early detection or diagnosis of
occupational diseases and will help them in recommending suitable action to the
workers and employers. By this way, the status of occupational health of the
workers employed in factories could be improved.
12) Employees Insurance Medical Services Department in the State provides the

medical services to the workers covered under the ESIC Act, 1948. The workers
are referred to the hospitals for diagnosis and treatment.

It is suggested that a programme for close coordination between ESIC, ESI
Hospitals (The Insurance Medical Services Department) and Directorate of
Industrial Safety and Health should be prepared for early detection, diagnosis and
prevention of occupational diseases. This will facilitate' taking appropriate
preventive measures by the inspectors of factories in order to eliminate or control
the causative working conditions in various factories. This will improve the status
of occupational health of the working class in the long run.
13) The programme on control of fire incidents could be prepared in collaboration with

Fire Brigade Department, Industries Association and Directorate of Industrial
Safety and Health. This programme should include, approval of fire fighting plans,
formulation of mutual aid scheme and establishment of emergency response
centers in various industrial pockets of the states.
14) In addition to what is being done by the non-governmental organizations, various

employers association in the state should also take up the activities in the field of
safety and health on a large scale. This should include organizing seminars and
workshops, debates for senior executives from the industries and trade union
leaders, etc. In these seminars and workshops the issues arising out of
liberalization, globalization, modem manufacturing techniques and developments,
new innovations in the field of manufacturing, etc. vis-a-vis their impact on safety,
health and welfare of the workers should be discussed.
15) In order to promote safety, health and welfare of workers employed in factories,
seminars and workshops should be organized for increasing the awareness level
of union leaders in the field. The unit level union leaders should be involved in
training and education of workers in the field of safety and health. In such
programmes, more emphasis should be given on the role of union leaders in
promotion of safety and health at the workplace. The trade union leaders may be
sponsored by the units to attend safety and health training programmes
conducted by reputed organizations, like the Central Labour Institute, Mumbai.
The Central Board of Workers Education may also arrange such programmes for
trade union leaders.
16) While collecting the statistics regarding the factories as well as accidents, it was
found by the study team that although the factories were submitting the annual
returns in the prescribed format to the DISH in time, but due to shortage of
manpower and facilities, the collected information could not be processed and the
trends regarding various parameters on occupational safety and health could not
be established.
It is, therefore, suggested that all field level officers should be equipped with
suitable computer facilities and adequate manpower for quick flow of information.
Full-time statistical staff may be appointed to maintain the records of annual
returns properly. This arrangement will also improve the communication among
the offices of the DISH leading to effective implementation of the orders issued
under the provisions of the Factories Act. This will improve the communication
with other Labour Departments/ Offices and DGFASLI.
17) In order to review the status of safety, health and welfare in the factories and
formulate action plan on the basis of findings, time to time, a tripartite state level
committee on Occupational Safety and Health should be constituted under the
Chairmanship of the Labour Minister. In this committee, representatives of
Government Departments connected with factories and labour, representatives of
employers' and employees' can be included. This is also in line with the
recommendations made by the Standing Labour Committee to the Indian Labour
Conference.
18) A web-site of the DISH may be opened for giving details of various requirements
of industries, NGOs and public. Facilities to download the information, forms may
be provided.
19) More than 500 factories required preparation of Safety Policy. They may be

advised to comply the requirement at an early date.
20) Safety Committees are yet to be constituted in more than 500 factories. They may
be persuaded to comply the requirement.
21) It has been observed 72 MAH units are yet to prepare On-Site Emergency Plan.
These MAH units may be advised and persuaded to prepare the On-Site
Emergency Plan as per legal requirement.

ANNEXURE Safty

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ANNEXURE Safty

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ANNEXURE - I

active co-operation from various people involved with the project.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. INTRODUCTION

Under the Bombay Re-organization Act, 1960, Maharashtra came into

4 Inhabited villages 43722

Source Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2001-02

Reference Period : 2001

2.2.2 Area and Population

1 Area (in lakh Sq. Km) 3.08

2 Population (in crores) 9.68

3 Density (per Sq. Km) 314

4 Male Population (in crores) 5.03

5 Female Population (in crores) 4.64

6 Rural Population (in crores) 5.57

8 No. of main workers (thousand) 31006

9 Birth Rate (Per thousand) 20.70

10 Death Rate (Per thousand) 7.50

Infant Mort. Rate (Per thousand live

Source : Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2003-04

Area in Hundred Hectares

1 Total Reporting Area 307583

2 Area Under Forest 52176

3 Land not available for cultivation 17222

4 Permanent pastures and other grazing land 13410

Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves

7 Area sown more than once 47621

9 Gross Area irrigated (thousand hectares) 3647

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2003-04 Commissioner of Agriculture,

Reference Period : 2001-02

1 No. of Factories Registered under Factories Act 28324

2 Estimated average No. of daily workers employed in 120100

3 NO.of S.S.Ind.Regd. with Ind. Deptt. 13 8000

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2001-02

Electricity is one of the crucial inputs in the process of economic development.

In Maharashtra, power is supplied by various agencies. Maharashtra State

The installed capacity of electricity generation in 2001-02 was 12963 MW.

TABLE - 5A Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation

Type of Generation (MW)

III Natural gas 1820

IV Nuclear (State's share) 190

B State's share in NTPC/NPC 2185

Source :Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03

Reference Period: As on 31-3-2002

Type 2000-01 2001-02

2 Hydro 4889 4979

3 Natural Gas 6943 5235

4 Nuclear 1097 1138

Total 62,317 64,138

Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2002-03

1 Domestic 11172 11901 6.53

2 Commercial 4105 4393 6.99

4 Agriculture 9940 8730 (-)12.17

5 Public Lighting 551 648 17.54

6 Railways 1581 1640 3.73

7 Public Water Works 1199 1224 2.11

8 Miscellaneous 378 367 (-)2.94

Total 47,289 46,338 (-)2.01