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Homework 5
Homework 5
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Writing TASK 1
ಏॎڏ
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ಏڏʷ
The bar chart below shows the three main causes of land damage in four
different areas. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the
main features and make comparisons where relevant.
2
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ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The bar chart shows information about the areas of land damaged by human activities
in four major continents of the world.
The areas of land damage in Africa and Asia are similar, totaling approximately 1,200
million hectares for each, while in Australia and Europe the numbers are considerably
lower, averaging between 300 and 400 million.
Looking at the causes behind land damages, we can see that in Africa, Europe
and especially Australia, breeding is the leading cause of land loss, damaging
approximately 500, 100 and 400 million hectares of land respectively. Next comes
tree-cutting which takes away slightly larger areas of land than farming in all the three
regions.
Asia shows a slightly different picture, where tree-cutting activities have led to the
largest amount of land loss (450 million hectares). Breeding and farming account for
the remaining damage, (380 and 420 million hectares respectively).
Overall, breeding causes the most pervasive damage to land around the world.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
In Africa, Europe and especially Australia, land loss is mainly caused by breeding,
damaging around 500, 100 and 400 million hectares of land respectively.
ښଡиᤞڡژӑԔڂᄊϋὊੈ̓ښиతܸϙᄊὊԻ̿ၹ˟់ࠖᄊᜂүឦ
গὊгҫʽဘښѬឈᄊॎरᛪЍឭਫ਼Ӵᄊ͋ᮩǍᤈ˔Բیᄊиข௧Цద᥆ভ
ᄊǍ
Next comes tree-cutting which takes away slightly larger areas of land than
farming in all the three regions.
ᤈ˔Բߕ˗Ὂࠀឦ̰Բੈ̓Ի̿ၹဘښѬឈణ૱ὊԶ᜶δᣤ˟ឦ֗˟Բᄊ
˟ឦʷᒱԁԻǍ
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᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
approximately adv. ܸጞὊᤃͫڡ respectively adv. ѬѿڡὊՊᒭڡ
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
Տਓឈణ૱over-grazing Տਓឈణ૱deforestation
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
ˊႍܳͯᮇጟՐ࣎ঊѣిޏ
ඈևᬶনᮕઑኄʷᫎѬౢవևᬶন ᮕὊЛሮኄʷᫎᮠᝍౢᬶনᏦ
ᏦតᄾᮥࣳᮕʾևᬶনᏦតЯࠔ តὊѬౢᏦតᡖҹὊᮕᏦតЯࠔǍ
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ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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The chart below shows the percentage of male and female smokers in Britain
during the period between 1950 and 1990.Write a report for a university
lecturer describing the information contained in the chart.
5
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ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
Male smokers greatly outnumbered females in the period between 1950’s and 1990’s.
However, the number of smoking males decreased by almost half, that of the females
almost doubled. A particular change occurred in the decade between the 80’s and the
90’s.
Between the 1950s and the 1980s,the number of males who smoke declined slowly but
steadily from 79% to 73%. A sharp change occurred, on the other hand, in the period
between the 1980s and the 1990s the number of male smokers fell from 73% to only 42%.
As far as female smokers are concerned, whereas their percentage during the 50’s
and the 60’s was 17 and 18 respectively, it doubled to 38% in the 70’s and continued
increasing slightly into the 80’s with 42%.As was the case with males, though, a
dramatic change occurred between the 80’s and the 90’s as the percentage fell by about
13 points to 29%.
While males continue outnumbering females when it comes to smoking, the gap is
narrowing and the percentage of smokers in the general population is diminishing.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
As far as female smokers are concerned, whereas their percentage during the
50’s and the 60’s was 17 and 18 respectively, it doubled to 38% in the 70’s and
continued increasing slightly into the 80’s with 42%.
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ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
ফқʽӤ
jump (jumped) v. The spending on research and development
surge (surged) v./n.
shoot up (shot up) soared to 2.7 million pounds in 1990.
v.
soar (soared) v.
ʾᬌ
decline v./n. Other workers’ salaries saw a fall from
dip v. 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in
fall v./n. 2001.
decrease v./n. 7KH¿JXUHIRUWKH86dipped to only 4%
drop v./n. for much of this period, which was the
descend v. ORZHVWLQWKH¿JXUHVIRUWKHVHFRXQWULHV
sink v.
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ফқʾᬌ
The average price of tennis racquets
plummet v.
plummeted to 79 pounds in 1990.
plunge v.
ႀĀጸੇ
be made up of Households that consisted of only one
be composed of parent or a single adult were less likely to
consist of be poor.
comprise/be comprised of
ሷࠀښʷ˔ඵࣱʽ
level off at
stabilise at Its consumption levels remained stable
level out at at around 14% over the three decades.
reached a plateau at
hover at
remain stable at
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తᰴག ҂తͰག
peak at v. reach the bottom at n.
reach the peak at v./n. bottom out at v.
reach the highest point at the lowest point at
҂ܳ࠶᧚
reach at
hit
arrive at
register
amout to
stand at
ᤴएঌ
sharp (sharply)
rapid (rapidly)
A more dramatic rise is predicted
dramatic (dramatically)
between 2030 and 2040.
precipitous (precipitously)
drastic (drastically)
steep (steeply)
ᎁਥnjᤪຒੋᏨે፞
The number of people working as
gradual (gradually)
scientists and technicians in industrialised
gentle (gently)
countries increased steadily from 55 to
steady (steadily)
85 per 1,000 people between 1980 and
slow
1990.
consistent
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ܸࣨए
marked adj. ௭ᗃᄊ
VLJQL¿FDQWVLJQL¿FDQWO\ adj./adv.
substantial (substantially) adj./adv
The consumption of fast food also
considerably adv
declined, but much less VLJQL¿FDQWO\.
dramatically adv.
drastically adv.
sharply adv.
steeply adv.
࠵ࣨए
Italy’s spending on personal stereos is
modest
only marginally ( ॢ࠵ࣨए ) ڡgreater
slight
than that of Germany.
moderate
The impact of this on North America
marginal (marginally) ᎆᄊὊ࠶᧚ᄊ
was minimal, with only 0.2% of land
minimal త࠶ᄊ
affected.
minimum n. adj. త࠶ᄊ , త࠵ϙ
ܸጞ
about
roughly In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65
around and over stood at approximately 7% in
just over ሯᰴ̆ 6ZHGHQ
approximately
just under ႕Ͱ̆
10
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Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
16
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed ‘World
6SHQGLQJ¶ 7KH VHFRQG LV µ:RUOG 3RSXODWLRQ¶ DQG WKH WKLUG LV µ&RQVXPSWLRQ RI
Resources.’
,QWKHVHFRQGFKDUWHQWLWOHGµ:RUOG3RSXODWLRQ¶LWLVQRWVXUSULVLQJWR¿QGWKDWRI
people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated countries
in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the Americans
account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.
)LQDOO\WKHWKLUGFKDUWUHYHDOVWKDWWKH86$DQG(XURSHFRQVXPHDKXJHRIWKH
world’s resource.
To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are
WKH KLJKHVW IRU $VLD DQG WKH PDMRU FRQVXPHUV DUH WKH 86$ DQG (XURSH
(182 words)
ԲरѬౢ .......................................................................................
,QWKH¿UVWFKDUWZHFDQVHHWKDWSHRSOHVSHQGPRVWRIWKHLULQFRPHRQIRRG
In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher.
ښኄʷस̓ੈ˗ڏԻ̿ᄺ҂Ὂ̡̓ښᮼྭʽᄊ๗ᠠਫ਼ӴஆКᄊඋ᧘తᰴ24%Ǎ
ښХ̵ࠒڎᤈ˔ߚ௭ᤇ͘ᰴ४ܳǍ
,QWKHVHFRQGFKDUWHQWLWOHGµ:RUOG3RSXODWLRQ¶LWLVQRWVXUSULVLQJWR¿QGWKDW
57% of people live in Asia.
ښኄ̄सՐ˞þˇ̡ႍÿᄊ˗ڏὊੈ̓ˀᬲԧဘὊ57% ᄊ̡ᦐࡐͱ̎ښฯǍ
17
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᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
ᯫ
The (two) pie charts show (reveal, suggest, illustrate, demonstrate, indicate, describe,
relate) the proportion (percentage) of AĀand BĀin (7) (categories), divided intoĀ
andĀ(one isĀ, another isĀ)
ࠫඋ
1. The biggest difference between (2) groups is inĀ, where A makes upĀ% while
(whereas) B constitutesĀ% (makes up=constitutes=accounts for)
the highest percentage / amount of A, which was approximatelyĀ%, was forĀ.
(=in) /was found inĀ
2. The percentage of A inĀis more than twice the percentage of B, the ration isĀ%
toĀ% (Ā% compared toĀ%)
3. InĀ, while there is (not) a great deal of difference between the percentage of A
and B (the former isĀ% and the latter isĀ%).
inĀ, while a greater percentage of A than B are found inĀ(the former isĀ% and
the latter isĀ%).
4. There are more A (inĀ), reachingĀ%, compared withĀ% of B
5. By contrast, A has increased (declined), fromĀ% inĀtoĀ% inĀ.
Compared with B, AĀ
φ
ĀisĀtimes as much/many asĀ
Āmore than xx times as adj. asĀ
Ābe twice as adj. asĀ
The percentage/proportion of...is slightly larger/smaller than that ofĀ උᣗጟ
X is the largest among the three./ X is larger than all the otherĀతᰴጟ
Double, triple, quadruple (v, n, adj)
18
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ᯗ̄ڏ
The graphs below show the age structure of a European country from 1901 to
1981 and a prediction for 2021.
20
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The graphs compare the population makeup of one European country every forty years
from 1901 to 1981, and the estimated number in 2021.
There was a huge increase in the number of people in this country from 38,225,000 in
1901 to 67,180,000 eighty years later, and this upward trend is expected to last through
to the year 2021, when the population is estimated at 87,658,000, more than double
WKH¿JXUH
In 1901 and 1941, the population structure in this country was completely the same,
with an overwhelming majority of its population (95%) below 65, 4% between 65 and
85 and only 1% over 85 years old.
However, the year 1981 saw a sharp increase in the percentage of the elderly.
Altogether, they made up 17% of the total population, whereas the projection for the
year 2021 shows that they will continue to grow but less dramatically to 20% of the
total population (15% for 65-85-year-olds and 5% for over-85-year-olds).
In summary, changes are taking place not only in the number of people but also in the
ages of the people who constitute the population in this European country, indicating it
is advancing into an aging society.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in .
សᯗڏଡᤘ̀ ᄊᡖҹǍ
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ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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Writing TASK 1
᛫ಫᮥ
㏁㾮ᷛ
䓾㼓⡩ㅰゕ䓵㪎㣑⽔⭥⡩ㅰ᷍㉀䇱㏛㬘㾵᷍㋪䓋㸋㤛㼀㵝
⽂㼓⡩ㅰ䈌㡅㰜㵍㏁㬣㹐⭥⡩ㅰ᱄
⤞䑉ᷛ
㬸㻩᷍㌍㯺亐㎡㳃㚠䐱⭥㸥䓷㾦㻃᷍䐹⮄䓃䁱㈠ⰵ㼔᱃㭞㈾㏁㾮⼮
㬒ヅ䎃㧞⫔䄋㯹᷍㘘㦘㬒㲍᷍䊻䑘㳆Ⱟ⭥㾕䔘䐱䄋䓃䅃㬒㲍䄜䐣᱄
㡅⪯᷍㋕㳃㚠䐱⭥⢎ⷒ㵝㾯᷍㻩㋕㸥䓷㯖㘘᷍⟝㎉⢋㳃᱃⢋䓃⼮⭆㸜᷍
㝋Ⰿ㭞㈾㰚⫛⢎⭥㾦㻃᷍ⱙ⳨㭞㈾⡟㪎᱄䄜⟄㤊㌗㻣᷍⢎ⷒ㵝䐱⭥㸥䓷㯖
㘘㬨⡩ㅰ㦾䄸㬗⢑⭥᷍㈮㧈㵍㤛㼀㵝䐱⭥⽂䓾䑂䄜䂚᱄⭌㬨㵉⧄⢎ⷒ⭥
䔏⽔䄜㑱⼮䔏⽔䄜㾱䄋㲹⢑䓃䅃᷍䇱㋪㚽㬨㭞㈾⭥⮟ゴ᱃㠞㉚〓䎀ⰵ⡩᱄
㦜⽔᷍㩙䁂㾦㻃᷍㦇ポ㭞㈾᱄⢎ⷒ㵝㾕䔘⤜㘇㘇㉄⭞᷍⭌㬨ポ㭞
㈾䄜Ⱍ⤜㚽㩺⭥᱄㸋㑬ⳡ䐚䄦㔊᷍ㅉ䅊㋝㪛㋪䄵䊻㋕㳃⭥⺞⧭䐱➲䎃㾊
㭞㈾Ⱍ㦇⨗㎕᷍㵉⧄⟝㎉䓽㭞᱃れ䐖᱃㵜⢅䐖⭩᷍䐢䇻㡅㰜㭞㈾㈮㋪㾕㋪
⤜㾕㑬᱄
䊺䋓᷍䎜㏎㾕䔘㯝㔘᷍䄓㈮㬨㾕䔘㯔㿓᱄䔘㸋䓽㭞᱃㠞㉚㭞〓䎀ⰵ
⡩㭞㈾᷍㵉⧄⳦䊻㸥䍣㋋㵘䓽㡑〓䎀ㆂ㸓䓽ㆂ᷍㰚䄵䎃㾊㭞㈾㋪䄵㻩⤜㋝
㔨᱄㬄䈁⭥㭞㈾᷍䋓䐜䇱㑞䐷㾕䔘㯔㿓᷍⽂䓦㾕〓䎀㭛䓦㾕᱄
䔏⽔᷍㕅⡫⧪㸥᱄䊬䇤⡟㭊⭥䄜㾊⪫〄㉅㾮䄵ゑ㑍ㅴ㬷Ⱟ᷍➲⡹䄋㭞
㈾⼮㻖ⰵ⡩᷍䔒䁎ⶶ⤦䎜㏎㤆⨟⭥㾕䔘㯝㔘᷍䇱〛⭹⪏㑍㡑㎕᷍㾯⧪㸥
䓷ゕ㋪᱄㬒ヅ䊫㿎⭥⿑᷍㋪䄵㆙㾱㌍㯺⭥ネ⥊᷍㋕㋕䇱㸿㭞㈾䄦㔊᱃㬒
㲍㭉⽗᱃⭆⪫㹔㠕⭩⫎㹔᱄
䓽䐏᷍⢎ⷒ㵝⤃㗜䇱㼌㼔䐱⭥㚨㗕㚲᷍㑬ㆃ㵝㾯㲹⮄᷍䍧㸶ㆃ㳃⥀
㔵᷍〞㎼⢎⫐㬷Ⱟ᷍ⶉ䐏䄵゙㠋㑘㻑᷍㶋㦌㋪䄵㾕⨗䄜㠋⨗㩌⭥⢎ⷒ㵝䔘
㸥᱄㑺䊉㻼䈄᷍⤜㧈㵬ⱙㆂ㶙᷍㻷䊻㈮㋋㬝㑘㻑➪᷂
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ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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᛫ಫʷ
The tables below are the results of research, which examined the average
percentage marks scored by boys and girls of different ages in several school
subjects. Write report for a university lecturer describing the information
below.
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ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The tables describe the percentage scores achieved in the school subjects of MathἻ
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different gender.
The subjects for which the highest average scores were recorded were
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gender was revealed to be the weakest for the opposite sex, with these two subjects
also comprising the lowest recorded scores, at 60% and 70% respectively. Apart from
these two subjects the performance of boys and girls was comparatively similar.
Although boys tended to score higher in Geography, with scores ranging from 63%to
70 % and scores for girls ranged between 62 % and 64 %, it is obvious that both boys
and girls aged 15 years old averaged scores of 64 % for this subject.
7RVXPXSWKHVHWDEOHVRIIHUDFOHDUSLFWXUHDERXWWKHDYHUDJHVFRUHVDFKLHYHGLQ¿YH
subjects by boys and girls in different age groups.(164 words)
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
The subjects for which the highest average scores were recorded were Sports,
at78%(boys), and Languages, at 75%(girls).
ႄၷࣱکѬతᰴᄊߦሙ௧ʹᐲӴ 78%ὊᏫݙၷѷ௧ឦᝓӴ 75%Ǎ
The strongest subject for each gender was revealed to be the weakest for the
opposite sex, with these two subjects also comprising the lowest recorded scores, at
60% and 70% respectively
ࠫᤈːመˀՏভѿᄊߦၷឭὊ̵̓తୱ᫂ᄊߦሙԂ௧ᄱԦভѿߦၷᄊతीߦ
ሙǍᤈː᫃ߦሙ˷ੇ̀ᝮैѬతͰᄊߦሙὊѬѿ௧ 60% ֗ 70%Ǎ
26
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
in terms of ښ... வ᭧
in the case of adv. ښ... ᄊৱцʾ
Տਓឈణ૱in respect of ; regarding
ૃиጷ˸
ૃиጷ˸
reveal ௭ᇨὊଡᤘ
comparatively adv. උᣗڡὊᄱेڡ
Տਓឈణ૱show;illustrate;descibe
ૃиጷ˸
ૃиጷ˸
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न݀ഐᤘ
1) The table shows (revealsὊillustratesὊdepictsὊdescribesὊindicates) .
2) According to the table, .
3) As (is) shown in the table, .
4) As can be seen from the table, .
5) Figures / statistics show (that) .
6) It can be seen from the ¿gures / statistics that .
7) It is clear from the ¿gures / statistics that .
8) It is apparent from the ¿gures / statistics that .
ଡᤘඋΓ
1 accounts for (takes up) 20% of all.
Ӵᄊ 20%Ǎ
2) On the top of the list is , which accounts for 70%Ὄ
උΓతᰴᄊ௧ ὊӴ 70%Ǎ
3) At the bottom of the list is Ὂwhich takes up 20% onlyὌ
උΓతͰᄊ௧ Ὂ̩Ӵ 20%Ǎ
4) A ranks ¿rstὊfollowed by B at 20% and C at 15%Ὄ
A ӴඋΓతܸὊХ௧ B Ӵ 20% ԣ C Ӵ 15%Ǎ
5) The ¿gure reached the highest / lowest point in .
ښ ϋ҂తᰴག ( తͰག )Ǎ
ଡᤘࠫඋ
1) A has almost (nearly / about) over a quarter (half / twice / one third) as many
students as (as much money as) B.
A ᄊߦၷ / ᨑ ( ࣀˀܳ ) ௧ B ᄊپѬ˨ʷ / ʷӧ / ːφ / ʼѬ˨ʷ / ʷನǍ
2) A has about (approximately / exactly / precisely) the same number (proportion /
amount) of students (money) as BὌ
A ֗ B ᄊߦၷ / ᨑ / ᧚ / උΓࣀˀܳ / ݞʷನǍ
3) A has something in common with B.
A ˁ B దʷ̏СՏགǍ
4) The difference between A and B lies in .
A ˁ B ᄊˀՏ˨̆ښܫ Ǎ
28
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
ଡᤘᡖҹ
1) The number increased/rosesuddenlydramatically / rapidly / substantially /
considerably / sharplyfrom to .
᧚̰ ༏ܙ҂ Ǎ
2) During 1990 to 2000Ὂthere was a suddenrapid / dramatic / substantial / sharp
/ considerableriseboomin the number of private cars from to
.
1990 ࣲ҂ 2000 ࣲᫎὊሓ̡ුᢼᄊ᧚̰ ফқܙ᫂҂ Ǎ
3) The ten years from 1990 to 2000 witnessed/sawa steady growth of private cars
from to .
1990 ࣲ҂ 2000 ࣲ 10 ࣲᫎὊሓ̡ුᢼᄊ᧚̰ ሷ൦ܙ᫂҂ Ǎ
4) The number of private cars increased (rose / fell / dropped / declined / decreased)
by 20%Ὄ
ሓ̡ුᢼ᧚ܙ᫂̀ ( ੋᬌͰ̀ )20%Ǎ
5) The number of private cars in 2000 was 5 times more than that in 1990Ὄ
2000 ࣲሓ̡ුᢼ᧚௧ 1990 ࣲᄊ 5 φǍ
6) The number of private cars roughly (/approximately) doubled (tripled) between
1990 and 2000Ὄ
1990 ࣲ҂ 2000 ࣲᫎὊሓ̡ුᢼ᧚ܸጞ௧Ԕᄊ 2 φ (3 φ )Ǎ
ፇࡋ
1) We can conclude from the table that .
2) In short (In brief), .
3) In conclusion, .
4) To conclude, it seems clear that .
5) From the table / diagram, we can see .
6) As can be seen from the chart / table / diagram, .
7) It is clear (/apparent) from the chart (/graph / table) that .
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᛫ಫ̄
30
31
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
Writing TASK 1
ืሮڏ
ྲགὉ
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㒘⧭㵝䄵㘉㭗㸋䑘᷍⡩ㅰ⭥〛。⡩㵝⢎㳃㩺ᷜ
㒘⧭㵝䐱⨗㻷⭥㾦㻃Ⱍ㿉䄋㘉㭗᷍ⱙ㠶㵉㵝⢎䋓⤜㿉䄋㘉㭗㗠䄜㭞
㈾ᷜ
㒘⧭㵝⭥㬒㲍ⱁ⡩ㅰ⭆䄜᷍䑘䄋䇤䄜⟄㻷䊻㬒ᷜ
㒘⧭㵝⭥Ⱟ⡩ㅰ㒊』᷍䐜䄋⤜㵍ㅸⰯ䐏ヅ⭥⥏㉁⼽㘘㻵᷍㈮㋪䄵㒎
㡑䄜Ⱟ᱄
㘉㭗㹆⫔⤞
㬸㻩㯖㘘ⶤ⺞⧭㬨䔗㬓㗕⹅䔘⭥᷍㚠⭥㬨㬓㗕᱄
䓝⡙⹅䔘᱄
➕㬒ヅ⺞⧭㻩⽔㘉㭗᱄
ㆂ⺜᱄
ビ⭆䓽ㆂ ㋪䇱㋪㸿 ᱄
̋˔வ᭧Ὁ
䄜᱃㬒㲍㼁ⰵ⭆䄜᷍䑘䄋䇤䄜⟄㻷䊻㬒᱄
ⱟ᱃㈎⧄㬚䇤⡜Ⱀ䈐㲍᷍㻵⭤⡩ㅰ㋮⼮䎞㬞᱄
㾕 ⼤ 㒘 ⧭ 㵝 ⭻ ⱟ ポ 㬨 ⡜ Ⱀ 䈐 㲍 ⭥ 㬚 䇤᱄ 㒘 ⧭ 㵝 ⢎ 㻷 ⭥
㬨 ㋮ ⭥ ⹅ 䔘 㒘 ⧭ 〓 㬣 㹐 ⳃ 䍚 ⭥ ⺞ ⧭᱄ 䅓 ⪬᷍ 㸳 㗨 ㋪ 䄵 ㈂ 㑠 ⡽
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33
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ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ืሮڏʷ
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for
the building industry. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting
the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
35
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined
in seven consecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below the
surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas, has to be dug up by a digger.
Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks
of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller,
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homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped
pieces by means of a wire cutter.
Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of
48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then
transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are
kept at a moderate temperature of 200ć -1300 ć . This process is followed by cooling
GRZQWKH¿QLVKHGEULFNVIRUWRKRXUVLQDFRROLQJchamber.
Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and
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ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big
chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a
roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay.
ཀྵՑᤈ̏ʷڄڄᄊዥ࠲ژᜂஊᎶ҂ʷ˔࡛ಫߕʽὊᤈ௧˞̀࠲ᥧܸ̏ڱዥ֗ژ
࠵ڱዥژѬनὊ࠵ڱዥ࡛̰͘ژಫߕᗀКʷ˔໔ᣉʽὊ̿ᤉʷ൦ѬሏዥژǍ
7KLVSURFHVVLVIROORZHGE\FRROLQJGRZQWKH¿QLVKHGEULFNVIRUWRKRXUVLQD
cooling chamber.
ᤈʷሮ˨ՑὊጋଌᅌࡃ௧࠲ᤈ̏ੇیᄊᆒڱஊКшᘩࠉᤉᛡ 48 ҂ 72 ࠵ᄊш
ԂǍ
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ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
Chamber ᫎ
ૃиጷ˸
ཀྵՑ
ᯫЏ
secondly, the next step is to, in the next
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stage, in the following stage, next, then,
LQYROYHV¿UVWRIDOOWREHJLQZLWK
later, subsequently
ཀྵՑ
తՑ
secondly, the next step is to, in the next
thirdly / finally, the last step is to, in
stage, in the following stage, next, then,
the last stage
later, subsequently
37
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
Տ ڂ
at the same time, simultaneously consequently
ښ˨Ғ ښ˨Ց
before this after this
˞̀
ښĀĀరᫎ
in order to / in order not to, in order
during, in the course of
that, so as to / so as not to
ᯫ᛫
The process starts from .
At the ¿rst/initial stage, .
At the beginning of the cycle, .
During the initial phase, .
The beginning of the whole cycle is marked by .
38
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
᛫
The second stage is .
The next step in the process is .
తՑ᛫
is the last step in the procedure.
The ¿nal phase of the procedure is about .
In the ¿nal phase, .
Entering the ¿nal phase, .
is the ¿nal stage.
ืሮڏእӭവྠ
The Àow chart maps the process in which .( न݀ག˟ᮥǍ)
In the ¿rst stage, . NextὊ .
There may be four results after : .
In the ¿rst case, .
In the second case, .
The other two results lead to or to stage directlyὌ
ોིЏՑᣤᮋऀଡиҒՑː˔Ǎ
In the intermediate stage, . may
be channeled to . are divided into .
The adjudication stage follows . The ends .
ଡиՑː˔Ǎ
Thus, the process diagram shows how .ፇὊˁन݀ऄǍ
ˊႍܳͯᮇጟՐ࣎ঊѣిޏ
ඈևᬶনᮕઑኄʷᫎѬౢవևᬶন ᮕὊЛሮኄʷᫎᮠᝍౢᬶনᏦ
ᏦតᄾᮥࣳᮕʾևᬶনᏦតЯࠔ តὊѬౢᏦតᡖҹὊᮕᏦតЯࠔǍ
39
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ืሮ̄ڏ
40
41
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
Writing TASK 1
జጳڏ
㾂䔘㸥⽂䑂㸋㑞㏁ᷛ㬒ヅ⼮䔊 JURXS
㬒ヅᷛⰵ䇻䄵㬒ヅ㸋⽂䑂⭥㳃᷍㛄㗨㘉㾕㤘㬧⭥㬒⽓㈮⡹㿌䇤 LQFUHDVH
GHFOLQH 䎃㾊㎕㾕᷍⤜㆗㆗㬨㤛㼀㵝᷍ⰵ䇻㦯⼯䄜䐷㵝 㒘⧭㵝㏞㶃 Ⱍ䄋䎃
㗕㾕᱄
䔊ᷛ䑚䓕㵝᷍。㸋゙䔊᷍䎃㬒⽓᷍㛄㘉㭗㭞㈾⭥㬒⽓㈮䐜㚽㎰㎰㬖
㬖㾕㭞㈾᷍⤜㚽䇤䋗⧅㏁⭥⪫䈐㘉㭗᷍䅓㸋䎃㏐㘉㭗⭥㬨䔊᱄㗠䔊Ⱍ䐜
䇱䄜㭞㈾᷍䐜㚽➲㭞㈾㾕⨗㎕㈮⼤᱄䎃䐷⽂䑂Ⳟⳉ䐜。⨗㻷䊻⳨㤛㼀㵝
⭥㬒⽓䇤᷍㰚䄵䊻䔗㤛㼀㵝⭥㬒⽓᷍⫔コ㋪䄵䐒ㅴ䇤䋗⧅㏁⭥⪫〄᱄
㤛㼀㵝⭥。㸋㧞䐷㤊㌗᷍䄜㳖㤛㼀᷍㑞㳖㤛㼀᷍㧞㳖㤛㼀᱄
䄜㳖㤛㼀㬨䔏⼤㾕⭥᷍⤜㿉䄋䔗㦯⼯⭥⡩ㅰ᷍䐜䄋➲䎃㸉䄜⭥䄜㳖㤛
㼀䐹㵘⭞㸓⭥㤘㬧ⷙ㾕⨗㎕ゕ㋪᷍䄋䓃䅃㕀ゎ㯔㿓᱄
㑞㳖㤛㼀᷍䄜⟄㎕㯖᷍ⷀ⫐ ⭥㤊㌗㻣᷍䎃㑞㳖㤛㼀〚⡟㬨㤘㬧㶋
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㯧᱄〓䎀㛄㋪䄵㉀㳆⮄㾕᷍䐢䇻䋖㗕㾕᷍䓵゛䓢㚆㦆᷍䎃㬨⼽ビ⭆⭥᷍㧈
⺜㛄㬨⤜。᷍㈮㬨㗠㤘㬧Ⱍ㻩㾕⭻䄜㳖᷍㦜⽔㾕᷍OLNHVHHWKHVDPH
42
43
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జጳʷ
44
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
ԠᏦᔵ ......................................................................................
From the graph, we can see clearly that in the early morning, at 6 a.m., few people
watch TV. However, from this time onwards, the number of TV audience is on the
rise. At noon, the people watching TV account for about 12% of the total population. In
the period between 12:00 and 2:00 p.m., the TV audience experiences a sharp increase
from 12% to approximately 25%.
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the peak of the day, approximately 55% at 7 p.m.. The number of TV audiences drops
dramatically from 8 p.m. till it reaches its bottom at 3 p.m.
On the other hand, there is a sharp increase in radio audience from 6.a.m to 9 a.m.,
peaking at about 38% at 8 a.m. However, from this point onwards, it declines gradually
for the rest of the day, bottoming out at 4:00 a.m. the next day.
In brief, the number of TV and radio audiences varies according to different phases of
time probably due to the different features of these two media.(181 words)
ԠᏦᔵ ......................................................................................
The graph shows (relates) the percentage of radio and television audiences over 4 years
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that before 12 o’ clock there were more radio audiences, while more people turned to
television after that time.
The data indicates that radio listeners increased (grow, rise, go up) substantially before
8:00 am, when the percentage reached (amounted to) to a peak of 37%.
The percentage then declined steadily to 11% at 4:00 pm, which was followed by a
slight increase to 15% at 5:00 pm. However, from then on, there was again a gradual
decrease to 2% until 4:00 am, when the percentage bottomed out. The period from 4:00
am to 6:00 am saw another slight rise to 4% in radio listeners.
As for TV viewers, the percentage went up from 6:00 am to 8:30 am, when there was a
leveling off at 8% until 10:00 am. After a slight decrease, the percentage rose sharply to
45
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
25% between 12 pm and 2 pm, before it dropped slightly. The peak (55%) was reached
at 8:00 pm after a massive rise from 24% since 3:00 pm. However, the period between
8:00 pm and 3:00 am saw a slump in television viewers. The percentage reached the
bottom of 3% at 3:00 am, when there was a slight rise afterwards.
The general trend was that the percentage of both radio and television audiences rose
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In addition, the prime time for radio and television was 8 am and 8 pm, respectively.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
In the period between 12:00 and 2:00 p.m., the TV audience experiences a sharp
increase from 12% to approximately 25%.
˗ښӥ 12:00 ҂ʾӥ 2:00 రᫎὊႃ͕̰ 12% қܙ҂ܸܳጞ 25%Ǎ
However, from then on, there was again a gradual decrease to 2% until 4:00 am,
when the percentage bottomed out.
ཀྵᏫὊښᤈ˨ՑὊ҂ђ 4:00 ԡᎁਥʾᬌ҂ 2%Ὂ҂తͰགǍ
᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
46
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
జጳ̄
The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different
areas.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown
below.
47
48
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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Writing TASK 1
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㧈 㛋 䊣 $㏁ 7$6.
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⫆䓐᷍ 㛋⫆䓐᱄ⰵ㗠䄜㛋⭥㘉㭗᷍㧈 㛋⫆䓐᷍㸳㗨䄋䓃䅃➕
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㚥䁂䐘㼁ⰵⱙ䁵ⷝ⼤᱄
50
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
ڏڡʷ
The civic centre will be planned to change. There are two maps: one is the
existing and the other is the plan for new. Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main features and compare the two maps
51
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The two maps display the differences between the existing and the future layout of the
civic centre. It is obvious that some locations of buildings will be changed or removed
and some buildings will be added.
The two car parks are located at the junction RI$$YHQXH DQG & 6WUHHW DQG WKH
MXQFWLRQRI$$YHQXHDQG'6WUHHW$WKHDWUHZLOOsubstitute for the former car park,
whereas a hotel and a restaurant will substitute for the latter one. The concert hall along
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SDUNUHPDLQWKHVDPHDVEHIRUH7KHOLEUDU\DWWKHMXQFWLRQRI%$YHQXHDQG'6WUHHW
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hall, which will be shifted to the original location of the library. A council office
standing along the B. Avenue will be moved to the original location of the exhibition
hall, and an open park and an underground car park will be constructed there instead.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
The government have identified and evaluated eight potential sites for a new
museum, and one of the options involves the Civic Center Park.
ऊࣃ˞ʷ˔ழᄊӰྭᯞࠀ֗កͥ̀М˔ԻᑟᄊथᤵڡགὊХ˗ʷ˔ࡃ௧ဘښ
ᄊ࣊˗ॷНڇਫ਼ܫᄊͯᎶǍ
The house has been lovingly restored to the way it looked in 1990 when it was
built.
ᤈਫ਼ߕፃድॷடξὊࣃፃূ ̀ܭ1990 ࣲ߲थੇᄊನߕǍ
7KH797RZHULVWKHWDOOHVWDUWL¿FLDOFRQVWUXFWLRQLQWKHFRXQW\
ႃ܉௧Ԟ᧗తᰴᄊ̡ࢺथናǍ
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ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
7KHRI¿FHUKDVDQQRXQFHGSODQVWRFRQVWUXFWDSXEOLFVTXDUHLQWKHKHDUWRIWKH
city.
ᦊ᫂ࣃፃࠈ࣋̀ॷ˗࣊ښथᤵʷ˔ࣹڤᄊᝠѳǍ
Small residential areas have become a priority with the Ministry of Construction.
थࡐඟ࠵ӝ௧थᦐ͖ޑЏᝍхᄊ᫈ᮥǍ
/RFDO¿UPVZHUHLQYLWHGWRWHQGHUIRUWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHQHZPRWRUZD\
ेڡᄊНՃऄᥙઆಖथழᰴᤴНǍ
These new thoroughfares link the industrial sections with the residential areas..
ᤈ̏ழξᄊܸᯱંࢺˊӝ֗ͱߴӝᤌଌ̀ᡑǍ
᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
53
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
̄ڏڡ
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
54
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ԠᏦᔵ ......................................................................................
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main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the
countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would
make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by
car. As it is also close to the railway line which linking the two towns to Cransdon (25
km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to
travel by train.
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for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the
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Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon,
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ԠᏦᔵ ......................................................................................
The map indicates two proposed sites for the supermarket to be built in Garlsdon,
whose population reaches 65,000.
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main road. But the railway is available. Furthermore, it will be surrounded by houses,
making it convenient for the dwellers to do some shopping. Moreover, it is close to the
south industry, but far away from the north one.
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road are ready. In addition, it is very near Hindon, a northwestern city 12 km to the
town center. Nevertheless, the distance between this site and Bransdon is relatively
long. Bransdon is a city with a population of 15,000, 16 km southwest to the town
center. Obviously, the two sites are different.
55
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
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main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west.
ኄʷመԻᑟᄊڡག61گᗀښᤈ˔࠵ܱ̿Ὂښԝड़ൕᄆᄊ˟ஸὊሏ᜵Ӓ
ጞ 12 ӢዛᤊᄊڡவǍ
As it is also close to the railway line which linking the two towns to Cransdon (25
km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to
travel by train.
ႀ߲̆˷᭥ᤃᤌଌᅌːᤰड़БРளᮐሏˌӯᦊ 25 ӢዛᄊᨡὊܸ᧚ښ
ᄊ᠔ྭᏨ˷ᑟܵ˲گ༢ᢼѣᛡǍ
᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
56
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
வͯ᛫
A ͯ̆ĀĀ
A is locatedĀ
A is situatedĀ
A liesĀ .
A is just off the road toĀ A ࡃښᤰՔ౽ڡᄊʽ
A is right at the center ofĀ A ࡃښĀĀᄊ˗ܽ
" ጋ᭥ᅌ #
A is next to/ is near/ is close to/ is right beside/ is adjacent to B
The building is situated close to the centre of Edinburgh within a parking zone.
" ښ#ᄊˌவ ᜵வ ӯவ Ӓவ
A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B
(in ᛫ A ښB ЯᦊὊON ᛫ A ֗ B ଌܢὊTO ᛫ A ֗ B Ѭन )
" ښ#Яᦊᄊ౽˔ᦊͯ
A is located/ is situated/ lies in the eastern/ western/ northern/ southern part of B.
" ښ#Ā ᝈᗀ
A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at ᛫ᇨ A ښB ܱᦊὊin ᛫ A ښB Яᦊ )
A lies/ is located/ is situated on/ at the east/ west/ north/ south corner of B.
57
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
" ښ#ᄊࠫ᭧
" ښ#ˌᦊᄊႍʽ " ښ# ܱᦊ
ښෲืੋ᥋ᄊӯ Ӓ
᥋ᤰՔnjෲืืՔ౽ܫ
On the south/southern side of the river
The road runs fromĀ toĀ
On both sides of the road
The river runs/ Àows fromĀ toĀ
On the other side
ᅌෲื ᥋
along with river/ road
alongside the river/ road
" ښ᥋ੋᏨෲืᄊ౽ʷΟ
A is located/ is situated/ lies on the north/ south side of the river/ the road.
6ituated on the south side of the River Thames, this hotel offers its guests an ideal
location in central London.
the mouth of the river ෲ
58
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
ቇᫎ᭧ሥ
A Ӵ̀౽˔ቇᫎ A occupiesĀ
A ႀї˔ˀՏᄊᦊѬጸੇ A consists of/ is composed of/ is made up of B, C and DĀ
A ᄊ᫂ए / ࠕए௧Ā The length/ width of A isĀ
A ᄊ᭧ሥ௧Ā A isĀ in area.
Γݠ
The farm is 50 kilometers in area.
The building almost doubled in Àoor area.
ʷ ڡژڱa patch of land
̰ AĀĀणͩ҂Ā A extended fromĀ toĀ
Γݠ
The park extended from Main 6treet to King George 6treet.
The period extended from the mid-eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century.
" ᄊ᭧ሥ᎖࠵̀
The size of A was reduced to (only half of/ one third of the original size).
" ᄊ᭧ሥ᎖࠵̀
The size of A was reduced to (only half of/ one third of the original size).
" ᄊ᭧ሥੱܸ̀
A was expanded
A was expanded to twice its size. = The size of A almost doubled.
Ԕద̃ྭ
The original/previous/former garden
" ࡇࠪʽԫܸ ԫ࠵
The size of A has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by halfĀ
59
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
" ̀
A completely disappeared/were removed.
" ᜂஈᤵੇ̀ #
A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned into B
A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B
ழथ̀ "
A newly-built A
A was added toĀ / An addition was made toĀ , which was A
A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the
middle of B.
A new IT centre has been added to the library.
The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a
vegetable garden on the opposite side.
Nj
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ՙὝѣὊಊʷಊ .......
( ྠࠃइhttp://chuguo.taobao.com)
60
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ጸՌڏʷ
జጳڏ ڏ᛫ᮥ
You should spend 20 minutes on this task.
The graph and table give information about water use worldwide and water
consumption in two different countries.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
61
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
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ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and
2000.
Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural
purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km³ to around 3,000 km³ in
the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but
consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew
steadily to just over 1,000 km³, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km³,
both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.
The table illustrates the differences in agricultural consumption in some areas of the
world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km²) with that in
the D. R. C (100 km²). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture
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compared with only 8 m3LQ&RQJR:LWKDSRSXODWLRQRIPLOOLRQWKH¿JXUHVIRU
Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption
was minimal until mid-century.
ࢺˊၹඵ֗ڎЯᛡˊၹඵ᧚˷దਫ਼ܙ᫂Ὂͮᄰ҂˗ˇጢᏲඵ᧚ʷᄰ̆ܫతͰϙǍ
62
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ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
߹ੇតԄንᮥ̿ՑὊ
ྠ˺ዚᎶ̀ንವԠᏦ֗ஔ࣎̉үንႡᝍౢὊ
ឰΎၹੳଡԿΟ̄፥ᆊᣁᩗଌǍ
ଢΙ឴ిᬍˀᡜὊឰᏢᄺవ˺ዚᮆฌвଢᇨἿ
ˊႍܳͯᮇጟՐ࣎ঊѣిޏ
ඈևᬶনᮕઑኄʷᫎѬౢవևᬶন ᮕὊЛሮኄʷᫎᮠᝍౢᬶনᏦ
ᏦតᄾᮥࣳᮕʾևᬶনᏦតЯࠔ តὊѬౢᏦតᡖҹὊᮕᏦតЯࠔǍ
63
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
chuguo.taobao.com
ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
ጸՌ̄ڏ
జጳ ڏᯗڏ
You should spend 20 minutes on this task.
The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for
Coca-Cola.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
NjNj
You should write at least 150 words.
64
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
chuguo.taobao.com
ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000
and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.
In 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product
worldwide. The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 percent of the total
volume was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin America. Europe and
Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 percent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and
the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at 7 percent of the total volume of
sales.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year
2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.
ᯗ࿄ڏ௭ᇨԻԻ˭ 2000 ࣲˇښႍՊڡӝᄊᩙᮩѬ࣋ڏὊڏ᛫ѷ௭ᇨѣ 1996
ࣲ֗ 2001 ࣲᄊᐧᇾ͉ಫԫӑৱцǍ
From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-
2000.
̰ᥧᄰ҂ 2000 ࣲ߲̓ᄊ͉ಫʷᄰʾᡨὊᄰ҂ 2000 ࣲࣲ˗੦ሯదʽӤǍ
65
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
chuguo.taobao.com
ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
᧘᜶᛫ ........................................................................................
distribution n. Ѭᦡ ¿]]\GULQN ᇏᦻᯍநὊුඵ
ૃиጷ˸ ૃиጷ˸
dip n.vi.vt. ʾᬌ
ૃиጷ˸
ˊႍܳͯᮇጟՐ࣎ঊѣిޏ
ඈևᬶনᮕઑኄʷᫎѬౢవևᬶন ᮕὊЛሮኄʷᫎᮠᝍౢᬶনᏦ
ᏦតᄾᮥࣳᮕʾևᬶনᏦតЯࠔ តὊѬౢᏦតᡖҹὊᮕᏦតЯࠔǍ
66
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
chuguo.taobao.com
ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
ጸՌڏʼ
ಏॎ ڏᯗڏ
You should spend 20 minutes on this task.
Write a report of at least 150 words outlinling the main features of the cate
preaented and making comparisons where relevant.
7KH¿JXUHVEHORZVKRZVSHQGLQJRQOHLVXUHDFWLYLWLHVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDO
household spending in seven European countries.
The figures below show the average annual expenditure (in pounds) on
recreational activities per household in the U.K.
67
ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ ᬶন ঊ
chuguo.taobao.com
ᝍౢ ᮠ ᮕ ፃ
ԠᏦᔵ ........................................................................................
The bar chart shows how much money is spent in seven European countries on free
time activities as a percentage of total household spending whilst the pie chart shows
WKHDYHUDJHDPRXQWRIPRQH\VSHQWHDFK\HDUE\KRXVHKROGVLQWKH8.RQYDULRXV
leisure activities.
8.KRXVHKROGVVSHQGWKHKLJKHVWSHUFHQWDJHRIPRQH\RQOHLVXUHDFWLYLWLHV
7KRVHLQ6ZHGHQ$XVWULDDQG*HUPDQ\VSHQGVLPLODUSHUFHQWDJHVRQOHLVXUHDFWLYLWLHV
18.4%,17.7%and 16.8% respectively. Households in Greece and Portugal spend smaller
percentages-13.3% and 12.9% respectively. Those in Italy spend the lowest percentage
on leisure activities at 10.9%
From the bar chart and the pie chart, we can see that the percentage of household
spending given over to free time activities varies considerably between different
(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVDQGWKDWLQWKH8.WKHIUHHWLPHDFWLYLWLHVWKDWWDNHWKHODUJHVW
chunk of money are outdoor ones.
ԲरѬౢ ........................................................................................
The bar chart shows how much money is spent in seven European countries on
free time activities as a percentage of total household spending whilst the pie chart
shows the average amount of money spent each year by households in the UK on
various leisure activities.
ڏ᛫௭ᇨѣൗฯࠒࠒڎऑੇրˊښำүʽᄊᔉᠠӴட˔ࠒऑஃѣᄊᄈѬඋὊᏫ
ᯗ࿄ڏѷ௭ᇨѣᔮࠒڎऑੇրˊښำүʽඈࣲᄊࣱکஃѣ᧚Ǎ
68
69
ঊ ᬶন ᬶনиͻᄾᮥԣᮕ
chuguo.taobao.com
ፃ ᮕ ᮠ ᝍౢ
ڏ᛫ͻऄଂଧᄊឈල֗ᆁឦ
ڏ᛫ዝیtable; graph; bar chart; pie chart; diagram; Àow chart
үឈ show ၹ४ὊथᝬᏦតˀၹ˞ݞǍ
᛫ᇨԫӑᄊүឈpeak; reach a peak/ high (point); reached the bottom; reach the
lowest point recover; increase; decrease; jump; rise; fall; climb; drop; decline; reduce;
Àuctuate
According to the chart, we can see that Ā; we can see a similar pattern in the second
ڏ᛫ଡᤘऄฌਓᄊїགὉ
1. ᜶ቊѣ᧘གὊઅͱڏ᛫˗ᄊౝቫགὊݠతܸੋత࠵njతܳੋత࠶njతੋݞతࣀnj
۳వᄱՏ˨ܫǍ
70
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