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PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

Date 2021‐12‐05

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Global climate change is becoming more severe with time, demanding the use of a variety of coping strategies. The
obvious dominance of fossil fuels in power generation, electricity generation has significant negative impacts on the
environment and climate. As a result, it has become critical to develop and promote alternative energy sources that can
lead to the long‐term sustainability of the energy and environmental systems. Renewable energies, on the other hand,
maybe essential in climate change adaptation plans since they can lower energy system risk to extreme disasters.
Renewable energies are viewed as an important resource for reducing greenhouse gas emissions as an alternative to fossil
fuels, and so play an important part in climate change mitigation methods.
1. INTRODUCTION:
Climate change has a wide range of impacts, including high temperature and precipitation changes, floods, droughts, and
wildfires. Greenhouse gases ﴾GHG﴿ such as carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone are considered to cause and worsen
climate change. Conventional electrical systems, which are mostly based on coal, oil, and natural gas, account for a large
amount of GHG emissions. ﴾Hegerl, June 1996﴿ ﴾Mitchell, February 1989﴿
Around 2/3rd of GHG emissions are caused by energy production and usage, putting the energy sector at the focus of
climate change initiatives. Electricity generating and industry are the two main CO2‐emitting sectors, accounting for
around 65 % of all energy‐related CO2 emissions today. The remaining 35% is generated through transportation, buildings,
and district heating. The energy sector requires a complete reform, with a shift from fossil‐based to zero‐carbon energy
production by the second part of this century. Today, fossil fuels account for 84% of energy consumption, with renewables
accounting for 16%. ﴾IRENA, International renewable energy agency, 2017﴿ ﴾Pachauri P.K. and Meyer, L.A., 2014﴿
2. FOSSIL FUELS AND CLIMATE IMPACT:
Fossil fuels are nothing but the non‐renewable energy. Coal, natural gas, petroleum, bitumen, and shale oil are all
examples of fossil fuels. These energy sources are obtained from below ground level by drilling operators. Following
extraction, the raw minerals are refined into fuel by energy corporations. From the time we extract fossil fuels until they are
consumed, these energy sources pose a lot of climate threats. ﴾Chmielewski, 2005/01/01﴿

2.1 GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS AND AIR POLLUTION:

Whenever we use fossil fuels, we release greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases are beneficial but in limited ways.
They are also in charge of maintaining the planet habitable. They maintain our atmosphere at proper level to control heat
and protect us from UV radiation ﴾Kweku, 2018﴿ Some of these greenhouse gases are CO2, methane, water vapor, nitrous
oxide, and more. However, refining and consuming fossil fuels also produce greenhouse gases. It is not a good thing to
have too many greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. These trap heat more than what is necessary, warming the earth's
surface above normal temperatures. This type of effect is what we know as global warming.
The amount of gas produced by humans in our atmosphere is increasing at a rapid rate. However, this is not such a simple
problem to solve. Analysis showed that greenhouse gas emissions are continually increasing, with no sign of lessening
anytime soon. These gases will stay in our atmosphere for an extended period of time. For example, 20% of current CO2
will stay in the atmosphere for tens of thousands of years. ﴾Hausfather﴿ As a result, the only option is to limit the amount of
these greenhouse gases and shift as quickly as possible to emission‐free energy generation.
2.2 OIL SPILLS AND DRILLING ACCIDENTS:
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Although oil drilling technology has advanced, spills and accidents remain common. A single oil rig may pollute the same
amount as 7.000 cars travelling 50 miles ﴾80 kilometres﴿ every day. The primary polluter component is greenhouse gases
﴾GHG﴿, which are produced directly by offshore rigs and indirectly through the emissions of refineries. Climate change is
caused by these gases, which include global warming, melting ice at the poles, and ocean acidification. Contractors that
drill for crude oil retrieve it from the earth. ﴾Seddiki, 2012﴿Only underground reserves contain crude ﴾usually in water
bodies﴿. This oil is then used by energy corporations to produce power and petroleum goods. Exploration is the first step
towards solving the problem. Surveyors use explosives to determine the amount of oil in a location. These explosives have
an effect on the creatures that live in that region, both on land and in the sea. Once the extraction process begins through
drilling, a new set of issues arises. ﴾Seddiki, 2012﴿ Drilling is the most dangerous step. As a result, the chance of undesirable
consequences increases. Pollution enters our environment as a result of accidents or spills.
3. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
Renewable energy sources such as bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal energy, solar energy, wind energy, and ocean ﴾tide
and wave﴿ energy regenerate themselves naturally and are not exhausted in the ground. ﴾Table.1﴿ With an expanding
population, the world's energy demand has resulted in the continued use of fossil fuel‐based energy sources ﴾Coal, Oil, and
Gas﴿, which has resulted in a number of issues such as usage of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions and other
environmental concerns, regional and global, and constant fuel price variations. These challenges will result in
unsustainable situations, possibly creating a long‐term threat to human society. ﴾UNFCC, 2015﴿

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