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Article history: The effect of waste paper on biogas yield produced by co-digesting fixed amount of cow
Received 26 August 2009 dung and water hyacinth in five digesters AeE was studied at room temperature. Waste
Received in revised form paper was observed to improve biogas yield in digesters BeE with digester A acting as the
6 December 2010 control. However, as the amount of waste paper increased the biogas yield was observed to
Accepted 21 December 2010 decrease. Kinetic model based on first order kinetic was derived to estimate the maximum,
Available online 12 January 2011 ultimate, biogas yield and also the ultimate methane yield from these biomass mixtures.
The maximum biogas yield estimated using this model for digesters BeE were 0.282, 0.262,
Keywords: 0.233, and 0.217 lg1 VS fed with goodness of fit (R2) of 0.995, 0.99, 0.889, and 0.925
Anaerobic respectively, which were obtained by fitting the experimental biogas yield ( yt) against (exp
Biogas yield (kt)1)/exp(kt). The ultimate biogas and methane yield at very low batch solid load were
Ultimate methane yield extrapolated to be 0.34 and 0.204 lg1 VS fed respectively. In essence, the addition of waste
First order kinetics paper in the co-digestion of cow dung and water hyacinth can be a feasible means of
Waste paper improving biogas yield and also alternative means of recycling waste paper. Furthermore,
the kinetic model developed can compliment other models used in anaerobic digestion of
agricultural and solid waste.
ª 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The volatile solids of the biomasses were determined The first order rate equation can provide an empirical
before digestion commenced according to APHA [11] using approach in studying the biodegradability of organic material
a muffle furnace-Carbolite model LMF 4 manufactured in by observing changes in the volatile solids influent and
England. These biomasses were weighed using a weighing effluent concentration. Table 1 showed the first order kinetic
balance Mettler model PN163, manufactured in Switzerland constants and the corresponding biogas production for the
with specification range between 0.1 mg and 160 g. The five digesters. There exists some degree of closeness in the
biomasses were mixed with 250 mL of water respectively and first order kinetic constant obtained in digesters B, C, D and E
then corked to exclude air. Subsequent connections were as which contained certain amount of waste paper as opposed to
depicted in Fig. 1. The digesters content were allowed to what was obtained in digester A. Despite the high kinetic
ferment for a period of 62 days and agitated twice daily, the constant of Digester A, the biogas yield was small in relation to
b i o m a s s a n d b i o e n e r g y 3 5 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 1 3 4 5 e1 3 5 1 1347
a After experiment.
b Before experiment.
Co
ym - yt ym
Biogas yield
C o - Ct
Substrate
yt
C(t)
t time (t)
Fig. 4 e Plot to estimate maximum biogas yield ( ym) in Fig. 7 e Plot to estimate maximum biogas yield ( ym) in
Digester B. Digester E.
b i o m a s s a n d b i o e n e r g y 3 5 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 1 3 4 5 e1 3 5 1 1349
increased from anaerobic digestion of solid waste from potato C, D and E could be described by Equation (12) with a goodness
processing, though for a continuous stirred tank reactor. of fit 0.973.
The kinetic model is also significant in determining the
y ¼ 76:50x þ 26:71 (12)
time required to obtain certain proportion or percentage of the
maximum biogas yield. The application of Equation (11) was where y represents percent total solids fed in the digesters and
used to obtain Fig. 8. It was observed that to obtain 50% or 0.5 x represent the corresponding maximum biogas yield. The
of the maximum biogas yield for the digesters B, C, D and E ultimate biogas yield was estimated by assuming total solids
required160, 175, 180 and 205 days retention time respectively, of 0.5% which is close to zero. Substituting into Equation (12)
under room temperature condition. Hence performance of yields a value of x that is 0.3426 lg1 VS.
digester can be assessed through this approach. Similarly, the relationship between the waste paper as
percent of total solid fed into the digester and the maximum
3.3. Application of kinetic model in the estimation of biogas yield for digester B, C, D and E can be described by the
ultimate biogas ( yL) yield Equation (13) with goodness of fit 0.936.
kt
described here would approximately be 0.34 lg1 VS fed into e 1
yt ¼ ym (17)
the digester. e kt
and water hyacinth co-digested with 0.05 g of waste paper in [9] Mähert P, Linke B. Kinetic study of biogas production from
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