Cellulose is a polyol and thus susceptible to acetylation, which is achieved using acetic anhydride.

Acetylation disrupts hydrogen bonding, which otherwise dominates the properties of cellulose.
Consequently, the cellulose esters are soluble in organic solvents and can be cast into fibers and
films.

ACETIC ACID:
The cellulose is first ‘activated’ in aqueous acetic acid to ensure uniform acetylation.

ACETIC Anhydride:
It is then dehydrated and reacted with acetic anhydride using a catalyst (e.g., sulfuric acid) in a
solvent (e.g., anhydrous acetic acid)

Potassium hydroxide:
It is used in water treatment to regulate the pH of water.

Sodium hydroxide:
It is sometimes used during water purification to raise the pH of water supplies. Increased pH makes the
water less corrosive to plumbing and reduces the amount of lead, copper and other toxic metals that
can dissolve into drinking water.

Deionized:
The combination of filters and DI resins can remove nearly all contaminants. Deionized (DI) water is
water that has been treated to remove all ions.

Sodium carbonate:
Sodium carbonate is used for removing temporary and permanent hardness of water. The water is
softened because it no longer contains dissolved calcium ions and magnesium ions.

Hydrogen peroxide:
The most effective cleaning method in the case of biofouling is an oxidizing agent such as chlorine
(alternative), hydrogen peroxide and per acetic acid (alternative).

Hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid:

Strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, is used to break down the amorphous regions,
resulting in highly crystalline cellulose Nano particles.

Acetone:
Acetone containing tetraalkylammonium chloride is found to be an efficient solvent for
cellulose. Triethyloctylammonium chloride (Et3 OctN Cl) adjusts the solvent's properties (increases the polarity)
to promote cellulose dissolution. Cellulose solutions in acetone/Et3 OctN Cl have the lowest viscosity reported for
comparable aprotic solutions making it a promising system for shaping processes and homogeneous chemical
modification of the biopolymer. Recovery of the polymer and recycling of the solvent components can be easily
achieved.

Di-chloromethane:
The ability of a simple chloro-organic cosolvent, dichloromethane, mixed with the ionic liquid EMIMOAc
(1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate), to facilitate homogenous acetylation by displacement of the
acetate ion of the ionic liquid with a chloride ion.

Ethanol: toluene (1:2) solvent:

Used for extraction by Soxhlet extractor