Quick Revision

Statics
Solve two out of the three questions
Each question 30 marks
Total marks 60
 Question 1
z

Question (QS1) [25 marks] A  0, 0, 40 

Cables AC and AD are attached to the pole AB as shown in Figure QS1. The tension in cable AC is 120 and the tension in cable AD is 200.
The following is required; 200N
•The unit vector of line AD. [4 marks]
•The direction cosines of line AD. [4 marks]
•The unit vector of line AC. [4 marks] 120N
•The Cartesian components of the 200N force. [4 marks] Figure QS1
•The moment of the 120 N forces about any point on cable AD. D  3, 2, 0 
[5 marks]
•The unit vector of the line of action of the moment vector found in step (e).
[4 marks] x C  5,8, 0  y

Question (QS1) [25 marks]

The 250 N force acts on line AD and two of the direction angles of line QP are b=g=90. The following is required;
•The unit vector of line AD. [4 marks]
•The direction cosines of line AD. [4 marks]
•The unit vector of line PQ. [4 marks]
•The Cartesian components of the 250N force. [4 marks]
•The moment of the 250 N forces about any point on line PQ.
[5 marks]
•The unit vector of the line of action of the moment vector found in step (e). [4 marks]
b=g=90.
Formula for statics
Unit vector of a line
û= u x ˆi + u y ˆj+ u z kˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ
r
û B/A = B/A =
(x B -x A )i+(y B -y A )j+(z B -z A )k ˆ ˆ ˆ Fx iˆ  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ
=cosαi+cosβj+cosγk=
rB/A (x B -x A ) 2 +(y B -y A ) 2 +(z B -z A ) 2 F F F

cos2α +cos 2β+cos 2 γ = 1

Fx = Fu x
Cartesian force components: Fy = Fu y
Fz = Fu z

Angle between two force vectors cosθ= u Ax u Bx + u Ay u By +u Az u Bz

Projection of a force vector F on line A Fcosθ=Fx u Ax + Fy u Ay + Fz u Az

Moment of a force about a given point

ˆi ˆj kˆ
M A = rx ry rz
Fx Fy Fz

Equation of the line of action of a single force resultant

Ry MO
y= x-
Rx Rx
Lines
û= u x ˆi + u y ˆj+ u z kˆ
Unit vectors
ˆ ˆ ˆ
û B/A =
rB/A
=
(x B -x A )i+(y B -y A )j+(z B -z A )k ˆ ˆ ˆ Fx iˆ  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ
=cosαi+cosβj+cosγk=
rB/A (x B -x A ) 2 +(y B -y A ) 2 +(z B -z A ) 2 F F F
Line (1) AD
ˆ ˆ ˆ
cos2α +cos 2β+cos 2 γ = 1
(x D -x A )i+(y D -y A )j+(z D -z A )k
û D/A =
(x D -x A ) 2 +(y D -y A ) 2 +(z D -z A ) 2 Fx = Fu x
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Fy = Fu y
û D/A =
(-3-0)i+(2-0)j+(0-40)k
=
(-3-0)i+(2-0)j+(0-40)k ˆ ˆ ˆ =u ˆi+u ˆj+u kˆ
=(-0.075)i+(0.05)j+(0.996)k x1 y1 z1
(-3-0) 2 +(2-0) 2 +(0-40) 2 40.162 Fz = Fu z

Line (2) PQ
ˆ ˆ ˆ =cosα ˆi+cos90 ˆj+cos90 kˆ =cos0 ˆi+cos90 ˆj+cos90 kˆ = ˆi =u ˆi+u ˆj+u kˆ
û Q/P =cosαi+cosβj+cosγk x2 y2 z2

cos2α +cos 2β+cos 2 γ = 1

cos 2α +cos 2 90+cos 2 90 = 1
cos 2α + 0 + 0 = 1
cos 2α = 1
α =0 b=g=90.
Lines
û= u x ˆi + u y ˆj+ u z kˆ
Direction cosines of line -1
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Line (1) AD û B/A =
rB/A
=
(x B -x A )i+(y B -y A )j+(z B -z A )k ˆ ˆ ˆ Fx iˆ  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ
=cosαi+cosβj+cosγk=
rB/A (x B -x A ) 2 +(y B -y A ) 2 +(z B -z A ) 2 F F F

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
ˆ =cosαi+cosβj+cosγk cos2α +cos 2β+cos 2 γ = 1
û D/A =(-0.075)i+(0.05)j+(0.996)k
Fx = Fu x
cosα = -0.075 cosb = 0.05 cosg = 0.996
Fy = Fu y
Cartesian components of F Fz = Fu z

Fx = Fu x = 250  0.075  =  18.7

Fy = Fu y = 250  0.05  =12.5
Fz = Fu z = 250  0.996  = 249

b=g=90.
The angle between the two lines Angle between two force vectors cosθ= u Ax u Bx + u Ay u By +u Az u Bz

cosθ= u x1u x2 + u y1u y2 +u z1u z2

Projection of a force vector F on line A Fcosθ=Fx u Ax + Fy u Ay + Fz u Az

cosθ=  -0.075 1 +  0.05  0  +  0.996  0  =  0.075

ˆ ˆ ˆ
û D/A =(-0.075)i+(0.05)j+(0.996)k
The projection (component of F along QO
û P/Q = ˆi

Fcosθ=Fx u x2 + Fy u y2 + Fz u z2

FPQ = Fcosθ =250  0.075  =18.75 N

b=g=90.
The moment of F about any point on line QP
ˆi ˆj kˆ
Line QP is the x-axis (or parallel to the x axis), thus M A = rx ry rz

G  3, 0, 0  or G  3, 4,5  or G  3, 0, 40  Fx Fy Fz

Fx =  18.7
rx = 0  3 = 3
Fy = 12.5
ry = 0  0 = 0
Fz = 249
rz = 40  40 = 0

ˆi ˆj kˆ
M G = -3 0  
0 =  0-0  iˆ   -3x249-0   ˆj   -3x12.5-0  kˆ
-18.7 12.5 249
b=g=90.
M G =747jˆ -37.5kˆ G

M G = 747 2 + 37.52 = 747.94 N .m

The unit vector of the line of action of the moment vector
M G =747jˆ -37.5kˆ
747 ˆ 37.5 ˆ
k = 0.998 ˆj- 0.05 kˆ
MG
û M = = j-
M G 747.94 747.94 M G = 747 2 + 37.52 = 747.94 N .m

The perpendicular distance between the moment point and the line of a ction of the force F

MG = F  d 

M G 747.94
d= = = 2.992 m
F 250

b=g=90. d
G
 Question 2

Collar A is of mass 5 kg and is connected as shown in Figure QS2, and can slide on the smooth horizontal rod. A force F is applied to the collar to maintain equilibrium.
•Draw the free body diagram of the collar. [6 marks]
•Write down the corresponding static equilibrium equations. [6 marks]
•Determine the value of the force F and the normal force acting on the collar. [6 marks] 0.3 B
•If we remove the force F and consider the rod to be rough what will be the minimum value of the friction force to maintain equilibrium? [9 marks]
 400N

0.4

F
A Figure QS2
The stuffiness's of the springs are k1=20kN/m and k2=10 kN/m. If the 500 kg block is suspended in the
position shown, determine the unstretched lengths of the springs

0.30 m 0.24 m

C
A
0.48 m
k2
0.25 m k1

500kg
Free Body Diagram
0.30 m 0.24 m
B 0N
40

0.3
 C
A
0.48 m
0.4 k2
0.25 m k1
F A
B
30
500kg
0. 5 0. 4

400 
0. 3 F2 0.48
tan  =
0.24
F1 0.25
tan  =
 0. 3
f 0. 4  
F tan  =
0. 3
60 L1 = 0.252  0.32
30 30 500(10)
L2 = 0.24 2  0.482
W
k1=20kN/m and k2=10 kN/m
Equilibrium equations
0. 5 0. 4
F2 0.48
tan  =
400  0.24
0. 3 F1 0.25
tan  =
0. 3
 

f 0. 4 L1 = 0.252  0.32
F tan  =
0. 3 500(10)
60 L2 = 0.24 2  0.482
30 30
W

three forces, use

More than three forces, use

R x = 400 cos   f  F  W sin 30 = 0 F2 F1 5000

= =
sin   90  sin   90  sin 180     
R y = 400 sin   W cos 30 = 0
F1 = k1 L1  L o1 

F2 = k 2 L 2  L o 2 
Force Couple resultants
•Fill in using the appropriate words. ( parallel, moment, collinear, moment arm, free, closed system)
a-1 If the resultant force acting on an object is zero, then the system will be reduced to a couple only if the forces are not
collinear.
a-2 If a resultant force–couple system is reduced to a resultant couple, then the moment of the resultant couple is
independent of the moment point, and that is why we refer to the moment of the couple as a ……free………. vector.
•The five forces and one couple act on plate ABCD as
shown in the Figure . AB=CD=8m and BC=AD=6m. The D 10N C
following is required;
20N 10 3 N
•The force-couple resultant at points D. and B 50 3 N.m
•If the 50√3 N-m couple is replaced by two forces at A and 60 o 10N
B, what will be the value of each force? A
10N B

Fill in the empty spaces

•Moment measures the …tendancy…… of a force to …rotate……. an object.
•The Moment of a couple is a free vector because …it is independent of the moment point……………
10N 10N
For the system shown all five forces have the same magnitude of 10 N. and are placed as shown on
a pentagon whose side is of length 2m. The following is required
•Show that that the resultant force is zero. 10N 10N
•Show that that the force system reduces to a couple. 10N
•The moment of the resultant couple
Solution steps
D 10N C
10N 10N
20N 10 3 N
50 3 N.m

60 o 10N
A 10N
10N B 10N
10N
1- break any inclined force into its x and y components
2- required the force couple resultant at point A, say 1- forces are equal, form a closed form, thus
2-a- resultant force
Rx = 0
Rx =
Ry = 0
Ry =
2- the above system reduces to a couple
2-b- resultant moment
MA = Moment of every force about A + any applied couple 3- couples are free vectors

4- the resultant couple is the same at any point

2- required the location of the single force resultant
Ry MO
y= x-
Rx Rx
3- Replace the applied couple 50(3)0.5by two forces at points C
and D and find the magnitude of the force.
 kinematics
Solve the only question (40 marks)
Example-2
A particle P moves along a straight line and its position is given by s=2t 3-4t2+3. Calculate;
(a) The times when the velocity is zero,
(b) The times when the acceleration is zero
(c) The net displacement of the particle during the first 2 seconds
(d) The distance covered by the particle during the first 2 seconds
Solution
Initial time
Initial time t=0 final time t= 2s

s  t=0  = 3m s  t=2  =2  2  - 4  2  +3= 3m

3 2
The position s=2t 3 - 4t 2 +3

ds
v= =6t 2 -8t v  t=0  =0 v  t=2  =6  2  -8  2  = 8 m/s
2
The velocity
dt

The acceleration dv a=-8 m/s 2

a= =12t-8 a=16 m/s 2
dt

a=-8 v=0 v=8 a=16

Initial position final position

A
-S S
O
3m
How did it move from A to A ?
(a) The times when the velocity is zero (b) The times when the acceleration is zero
v=6t 2 -8t = t  6t-8  = 0 a=12t-8 = 0
8 8
t1 = 0 t 2 = = 1.33 t 3 = = 0.66
6 12
Time line of the trip from t-0 to t=2 seconds
time position velocity acceleration
s=2t 3 - 4t 2 +3 v=6t 2 -8t a=12t-8

0 3 0 8
0.66 1.815 2.66 0
1.33 0.66 0 11.99
2 3 8 16

1 2 3
O S

a=11.99 v=0 a= 0 v= -2.66 a= -8 v=0

a=16 v=8

0.66 1.815 3
 1 2 3
O S

a=11.99 v=0 a= 0 v= -2.66 a= -8 v=0

a=16 v=8

0.66 1.815 3

time position velocity acceleration distance displacem

s=2t 3 - 4t 2 +3 v=6t 2 -8t a=12t-8 ent
0 3 0 8 0 0
0.66 1.815 2.66 0 1.185 1.185
1.33 0.66 0 11.99 1.155 1.155

2 3 8 16 2.34 2.34

4.68 0
Problems
1- A particle P moves along a straight line and its position is given by s=t 3-6t2—36t-40. Calculate;
(a) The times when the velocity and the acceleration are zero,
(b) The net displacement from t=0 to t=1 s.
(c) The distance covered during the first second.
2- A particle P moves along a straight line and its position is given by s=6t 3-4t2—15t +40. Calculate;
(a) The times when the velocity and the acceleration are zero,
(b) The net displacement from t=0 to t=4 s.
(c) The distance covered during the first four seconds
3- A particle P moves along a straight line and its position is given by s=6t 3-4t2-15t+40. Calculate;
(a) The times when the velocity and the acceleration are zero,
(b) The net displacement from t=0 to t=6 s

4- The vertical motion of a mass A is defined by the relation y=10sin2t+15cos2t+100. Determine;

(a) the velocity and acceleration of mass A when t=1 s.
(b) The maximum velocity.
 Example -8
A rocket is launched vertically with an initial speed 250 m/s. the engines provide the rocket with a
30 m/s2 acceleration. The rockets fuel is consumed in 10 seconds. Immediately after the fuel is
consumed, the rocket is directed to make a 60 degrees angle with the horizontal.
1- Sketch the path travelled by the rocket from start till it hits the ground once again.
2- determine the rockets velocity when all its fuel is consumed.
3- determine the rockets height when all its fuel is consumed.
4- determine the rockets speed when it hits the ground
y o = 250m/s
5- determine the total time of travel.

Mechanics – Dynamics – Kinematics

1- Sketch the path travelled by the rocket from start till it hits the ground once again.
v y =u y -gt
v y =u y +a c t
g
Time and velocity y=u y t- t 2
2
y
a v 2y = u 2y  2gy
y=u y t+ c t 2
2
time and displacement y C
x=u x t = ucos t
v = u  2a c y
2
y
2
y
2
velocity and displacement gx
y=xtan -
2  u cos  
2

vB = ?
u = vB
Fuel is consumed t B = 10 B 60 x
O=B
g
30m/s 2
a c =30-g
yB = ?
g

v o = 250m/s -y B D

A A
Vertical motion -y Inclined projectile motion
Phase 1: the rocket is not a projectile (ac is not equal to g)
v y =u y +a c t
2- determine the rockets velocity when all its fuel is consumed – point B. a
y=u y t+ c t 2
2
v y = u y  2a c y
2 2
vy = u y  a ct
v y = v By = 250  20 10  = 450 m / s
v B =450 m/s
3- determine the rockets height when all its fuel is consumed.
yB B t B = 10

1 2
y = uyt  act 30m/s 2
2
a C = 30-10=20
1
y = y B = 250 10   20 100  = 3500 m g
2

v o = 250m/s
O
A
 y

u y = 450sin 60 = 389.71
v B = 450m / s
u = 450
t B = 10 B O = B 60 x
u x = 450 cos 60 = 225
g

y B = 3500m

v o = 250m/s y D =-3500 v XD = 225

D
A
-y v yD
Phase 2: the rocket is treated as a projectile (ac=-g)
v y =u y -gt
4- determine the rockets speed when it hits the ground – point D g
y=u y t- t 2
2
v 2y =u 2y -2gy v 2y = u 2y  2gy

v 2y =v 2yD =  450sin60  -20  -3500  =

2

x=u x t = ucos t
vD = v 2xD +v 2yD = y
At point D gx
2
y=xtan -
2  u cos  
2
C
5- determine the time of travel.

v y =u u -gt
u y = 389.71
389.71-v yD
t=t D = = O x
g u x = 225

6- Thus the total time of flight ( from

ground to ground) is
D v xD = 225
t=t D +10 y D =-3500
-y
xD
v yD