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Components of Optical Communication Systems-Transmitter
Components of Optical Communication Systems-Transmitter
Components of Optical Communication Systems-Transmitter
OPTICAL
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS-TRANSMITTER
Optical Transmitter – Continuous Wave Laser
It is the change of refractive index between the laser end and
the outside material, that typically reflects 30% of light back to
the gain medium
Semiconductor Laser Noise
q is an electron’s charge
We will study two types of external modulators that are most
commonly used:
Initially, the optical signals in each path have the same phase
∅1 and ∅2 , therefore, ∅1 − ∅2 = 0
These voltages are used to vary the phase of the optical signal
in in path 1 and path 2 with the aid of the so-called linear
electro-optic effect
Mach-Zehnder Modulator
This electro-optic phenomenon typically occurs in nonlinear
optical mediums such as optical crystals, where the application
of an external electric field changes the refractive index of the
crystal
The phase shifts induced by the drive signals in the two arms
are of the opposite sense, but equal in magnitude
𝑃𝑜 𝑡 = 𝑃𝑖 𝑡 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∆∅ 𝑡
Where 𝑃𝑖 (𝑡), 𝑃𝑜 (𝑡) and ∅(𝑡) are the input optical power, the
output optical power and the total phase difference between the
optical signals in the two arms of the MZM
Where 𝐸𝑜 (𝑡) and 𝐸𝑖 (𝑡) represent the input and output optical
fields respectively,