Americanization Dictionary

definincj Natural¬
ization Terms ^
Processes rorthe
American
who desires to
helptheAIien
become a citizen.
Compi/ed Pu6/isAed
6y FrankL.Dykema
Grand ^apid$,Mick,
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Frmnk L. Dqkomo
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OCT -4 1920
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AMERICANIZATION DICTIONARY 1
CT/f/i’sf
,J]g PURPOSE OF THE AMERICANIZATION
DICTIONARY
With an increasing public sentiment requiring for¬
eign-born residents to become citizens, it is not fair to
them if information is not given which will enable
them, with the least possible friction, to become nat¬
uralized.
Men who have been misdirected, sent from one
office to another, feeling the necessity and desirability
of citizenship without being able to overcome the ap¬
parent difficulties in connection with the process of
naturalization, become unhappy and disturbed and
add to the all too prevalent unrest. They may even
become antagonistic to the Government because of its
apparent inefficiency, and in such a state of mind
become prospects for the radical organizers.
As a matter of duty and self defense every Ameri¬
can should be familiar with the ordinary naturaliza¬
tion process, and should be able to satisfy a request
for information. This dictionary is a compilation
of information asked for by aliens, and it is intended
for the information of any one interested in Ameri¬
canization and especially for teachers, Americaniza¬
tion committees, employers, foremen and Americans
in general, who are in contact with foreign-born
people.
It is so arranged that any one, with or without ex¬
perience in naturalization matters can advise the alien
as to the necessary steps to take, and in case of diffi¬
culty or delay, determine the causes, and advise how
to overcome them.
Carry the dictionary in your pocket and help in
this great work when opportunity offers.
2 AMERICANIZATION DICTIONARY
LOCAL INFORMATION
Write in space below indicated information so that
questions relative to Courts and Classes can be answer¬
ed. Get information about Courts from the Clerk of
the Court and about Classes from the Board of Educa¬
tion.
COURTS
Name of Court...
Where located....
Name of Judge.
Name of Clerk of Court.......
Dates of Sessions of Court...
Name of Court.
Where located.
Name of Judge.
Name of Clerk of Court.
Dates of Sessions of Court
Name of Court.
Where located.
Name of Judge.-.
Name of Clerk of Court.
Dates of Sessions of Court.

AMERICANIZATION DICTIONARY
CITIZENSHIP CLASSES
Where held....
Days .
Hours ........
Auspices of.....
Teacher ......
Where held..
Days ......
Hours........
Auspices of.
Teacher ....
Where held..!..
Days .....
Hours .....
Auspices of.
Teacher ...
Where held....
Days .
Auspices of..
Teacher ..-.
Where held....
Days..—..
Hours...
Auspices of...
Teacher ...-.
QUESTIONS
If you do not find needed information
herein or if you do not understand any of
the definitions, ask questions of us. We
have tried to make the dictionary clear
and complete, but inasmuch as new ques¬
tions arise every day in our own work, it
is probable they will elsewhere. We will
be very glad to receive inquiries of any
kind, and will answer them, if possible.
FRANK L. DYKEMA,
Executive Secretary of the Americaniza¬
tion Society,
Grand Rapids, Michigan.
DIRECTIONS
As nearly as possible the terms in this dictionary
are those used by the alien and by people connected
with the courts and with the process of naturalization.
By looking up an apparent “catch phrase,” you will
often be put on the track of the information wanted.
For example, a man says, “I’ve got my first paper.”
In the law, there is no such thing as a first paper,
except that the Declaration of Intention is the first
paper which an alien signs in the naturalization pro¬
cess. Reference to “first paper” in the dictionary will
give this information. Always look in the dictionary
for any phrase that is used by the alien or any term
used in naturalization process.
The first thing in giving information, is to classify
the man. He is either a citizen or he is not. By refer¬
ring to “citizen,” this will be determined. As the most
convenient way of further classification, the names
of countries have been included. Find out to what
country the alien owes allegiance, and by referring
to it you will learn whether he may or may not become
a citizen, and if he can, whether there are any special
conditions surrounding him, such as apply now to
Germans and Austrians, and people under the jurisdic¬
tion of Germany and Austria as it was before the war.
Next ask him if he has any papers. If he has, you
can determine how far he has gone by referring to
the “process of naturalization.” You should read the
“process of naturalization” in order to understand the
regular procedure in naturalization matters.
By asking questions suggested by definitions
given, and by following the references through this
dictionary, any case can be straightened out.
Italics indicate that the word or phrase so printed
IS defined in its proper place in the dictionary.
Absent Witness: See Wityiessy absent,

Abyssinia: See Africa.
Amendment to Declaration of Intention and Petition for
Naturalization: See Mistakes in Declaration and
Petition.
Affidavit of Witnesses: See Witnesses^ Affidavit.
Admitted to Citizenship: This is the last step in the
process of naturalization, also referred to as “admis¬
sion to citizenship.’’
Adopted Children: See Children’s Citizenship.
Affidavit: An affidavit is a sworn statement.
Affidavit of Witnesses: See Witnesses.
Afghanistan: Located in Asia. Afghans may not
become citizens of the United States.
Africa: Persons of African nativity may become
citizens of the United States through the process of
naturalization.
Age: An alien must be eighteen years old before he
may make a Declaration of Intention, and twenty-one
years old before he may file a petition for naturaliza¬
tion, and a witness in the process of natlralization
must be twenty-one years old.
Alaska: A territory of the United States. Persons born
in Alaska are citizens of the United States.
Albania: Located in Europe. Albanians may become
naturalization. /
Algeria: Located in Africa. See Africa.
Alien; Any person owing allegiance to, or a citizen of
any country other than the United States; any per¬
son not a citizen of the United States by birth or nat¬
uralization.
Alien Enemy: Any person who before coming to the
United States owed allegiance to Germany, who was
not a naturalized citizen on April 6, 1917, or any per¬
son who before coming to the United States owed
allegiance to Austria-Hungary, who was not a nat¬
uralized citizen of the United States on December 7,
1917, or any person who may at any future time owe
Words in have separate definitions. Ask questions. See page 5.
I AMERICANIZATION DICTIONARY
allegiance to any country with which the United

States is at war, is classified as an alien enemy, and
cannot be naturalized without having this classifica¬
tion removed. It can be removed, as described under
relief from classification of alien enemy. This
classification will continue in effect until a treaty
of peace is signed with Germany and Austria or un¬
til a state of peace is brought about by some action
of Congress. Steps should be taken in cases of worthy
enemy aliens, that is, men who were loyal during the
war and of good character, to remove the classifica¬
tion, so that they may become citizens.
Aliens who claimed exemption from military service;
See exemption from military service claimed by dec¬
larants who surrendered their declaration of inten¬
tion. See Exemption from military service claimed
by aliens who were not declarants. See Draft clas¬
sification 5F. See Exemption from military service
claimed by declarants who did not surrender their
declaration of intention.
Aliens Physically Unable to Speak: If an alien is dumb
or unable to speak because of other physical dis¬
ability, he may be admitted to citizenship, but, in his
petition the statement should be, “I am physically
unable to speak the English language.”
Alien Resident Who Goes Abroad: Any man who has
not completed the process of naturalization, and
therefore has not received his Certificate of Natural¬
ization, who leaves the United States to go to any
country, outside of the United States, even though
he goes with the intention of returning to the United
States, is subject to inspection upon his return just
as though he had never been here, and also subject
to the head tax payable by an immigrant. A brief
temporary absence does not break the continuity of
his residence under the process of naturalization.
Allegiance: The duty of a subject to a sovereign; the
duty a citizen owes to his government.
Allies of the United States: England and her colonies,
France, Belgium, Italy, Servia, Greece, Roumanie
and Russia were the allies of the United States in the
war with Germany and Austria.
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See pa^sre S.
Alsace-Lorraine: Located in Europe, between France

and Germany. Citizens of Alsace-Lorraine may be¬
come citizens of the United States through the pro¬
cess of naturalization, but because they were subjects
of Germany before the war with Germany and Aus¬
tria they are classified as alien enemies and must
secure relief from classification of alien enemy.
American Consul: See Consul of the United States.
Americanization: Americanization is any process which
develops the American or foreign-born man or wo¬
man into an active, informed citizen with a sense of
responsibility to the community and nation, and a
compelling conviction that he must take part in the
affairs of the people. It includes naturalization of
the alien.
Anarchist: Any person who does not believe in organ¬
ized government and who believes in the destruction
of existing government, is an anarchist.
Andorra: A small republic in Europe, between France
and Spain. Andorrans may become citizens of the
United States through the process of naturalization.
Angola (Portuguese West' Africa): Located in Africa.
See Africa.
Appearance in Court: When a petitioner for naturali¬
zation goes into court for his final hea/ring as to his
qualification for citizenship, it is referred to as his
appearance in court. See process of naturalization.
Applicant: This is a term often used in place of the
word petitioner.
Application for Certificate of Arrival: See Certificate
of Arrival. See Form No. 2226.
Application for Exception from the Classification of
Alien Enemy: See Relief from Classification of Alien
Enemy.
Application for Presidential Exception: See Relief
from classification of alien enemy.
Applying for Citizenship: This is a term often used,
which means the same as filing a petition for natural¬
ization.
April 6, 1917: Date of beginning of war with Germany.
Words in italics hare separate definitions. Ask questions. See page 6.
Arabia: Located in Asia. Arabians may become citi¬

zens of the United States through the process of nat¬
uralization.
Argentine Republic: Located in South America. Ar¬
gentines may become citizens of the United States
through the process of naturalization.
Armenia: Located in Asia. Armenians may become
naturalization.
Army: See Service to United States.
Army Reserve: See Service to United States.
Arrival: The time when an alien or an immig7'ant ar¬
rives in this country is referred to as the date of
arrival. It is determined by the date of inspection
by the officials of the Bureau of Immigration. If he
■ comes through a port of entry and is inspected by the
officials of the Bureau of Immigration, it is a regular
arrival. If he comes into the country without pass¬
ing through a port of entry, or for any reason is not
inspected, it is an irregular arrival. Desertion from
a ship or entering the country by crossing the bor¬
der at some place other than a port of entry, are ex¬
amples of irregular arrival. See Inspection.
Assumed Names: Aliens often take names different
from their real names because of the diflEicult pro¬
nunciation of their real names. Names are often
given by foremen or others to aliens whose names are
too difficult to pronounce. All such names, if used
or adopted by the alien, must be noted in all natural¬
ization papers.
Assyria: Located in Asia near the Mediterranean. As¬
syrians may become citizens of the United States
Attached to the Principles of the Constitution: A
petitioner for naturalization is assumed to under¬
stand the Constitution of the United States, to ap¬
preciate the meaning of its principles, to approve of
the methods of government and to be committed in
his own mind to the principles for which the Con¬
stitution stands.
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See page 6.
Australia: Citizens of Australia are British subjects.

They may become citizens of the United States
Austria-Hungary: Located in Europe. Austrians and
Hungarians may become citizens of the United
States through the process of naturalization, but be¬
cause they were subjects of Austria-Hungary before
the war with Germany and Austria they are classi¬
fied as alien enemies and must secure relief from
classification of alien enemy.
Behavior: See good Moral Character.
Baluchistan: Located in Asia. Baluches may not be¬
come citizens of the United States.
Belgium: Located in Europe. Belgians may become
naturalization.
Believed He Was a Citizen: This is an expression often
used by men who have thought themselves to be citi¬
zens through misunderstanding of the law. It is
usually the result of the father's misunderstanding,
resulting from his belief that taking out first papers
made him and his children citizens. When a true
misunderstanding can be proven, a first paper is not
required. See Erroneously Exercised Citizenship.
Boards of Education: Boards of Education conduct
citizenship classes for aliens, including classes in
English. Information relative to these classes in any
city can be obtained from the Office of the Superin¬
tendent of Schools. Boards of Education will usually
furnish the teachers for alien classes at the expense
of the Board of Education in schools, clubs, churches,
or factories.
Bohemia: Part of Austria. Bohemians may become
naturalization, but because they were subjects of
Austria before the war with Germany and Austria
they are classified as alien enemies and must secure
relief from classification of alien enemy.
Bolivia: Located in South America. Bolivians may be¬
cess of naturalization.
Borneo: One of the East Indian Islands Natives of
Borneo may not become citizens of th® United

States.
Brazil: Located in South America. Brazilians may be¬
Bulgaria: Located in Europe. Bulgarians may become
naturalization.
Bureau of Immigration: This is a Bureau in the
Department of Labor which has control of the m-
spection and admission of immigrants to the United
States. Officials of the Bureau of Immigration are
stationed in each port of entry to inspect immigrants
before admitting them to the United States.
Bureau of Naturalization: This is a bureau of the De¬
partment of Labor having charge of all matters re¬
lating to naturalization. It includes the Division of
Citizenship Training.
Burma: Located in Asia. Natives of Burma may not
become citizens of the United States.
Canada: Located in North America. Natives of Canada
may become citizens of the United States through the
process of naturalization.
Cancellation of Certificate of Naturalization: A Cer¬
tificate of Naturalization may be cancelled because of
fraud or illegality in obtaining it. Such cancella¬
tion is brought about through court action, usually
started by the United States District Attorney.
Candidate for Citizenship: This is a term used to des¬
ignate a petitioner for naturalization.
Central America: Located in North America. Natives
of Central America may become citizens of the
Certificate of Arrival: This is a Certificate issued by
the immigration authorities upon application, by the
alien, to the Bureau of Naturalization. It certifies
that the alien arrived on the date named, and it gives
his name, the port of^ entry, and the name of the ship
or railroad, and is signed by the Immigration Officer
at the port of entry where the alien arrived in this
country. It can usually be obtained in about one
month. It is necessary for all aliens who arrived in
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See page B.
this country on and after June 29^ 1906^ to have this

certificate before they can file a petition for natural¬
ization, Form No, 2226, which can be obtained from
the Clerk of the Court, is used in making the appli¬
cation for the Certificate of Arrival. The Certificate
of Arrival is based on information recorded by offi¬
cials of the Immigration Bureau at the time of in¬
spection of the alien at the port of entry. If at the
time of his arrival the alien did not come through a
regular port of entry, he could not have been in¬
spected and consequently cannot obtain a Certificate
of Arrival in the regular way. See Inspection. Ap¬
plication for Certificate of Arrival shoiild be sent to
the Commissioner of Naturalization, Washington, D.
C., when alien is ready to apply for final paper. See
Omission of Certificate of Arrival,
Certificate of Good Conduct: This is a statement given
by a master of a vessel to a seaman, or a statement
to a soldier or member of the Navy by an officer,
showing good conduct in service.
Certificate of Graduation: This is a diploma which is
given to a petitioner who has attended the classes
conducted by the Board of Education, after the peti¬
tioner has appeared before the Naturalization Ex¬
aminer for his preliminary examination, and has
passed a satisfactory examination. Blank copies of
these Certificates can be obtained from the Bureau of
Naturalization, by the Superintendent of Schools, by
whom they are presented to the petitioners.
Certificate of Honorable Discharge: See Honorable
Discharge,
Certificate of Landing: This is a phrase used to desig¬
nate the Certificate of Arrival,
Certificate of Naturalization: This is the Certificate
that is given to an alien after he has taken the oath
of allegiance to the United States and been admitted
to citizenship. It is his evidence of citizenship. It
is also called the second paper, citizenship paper, cer¬
tificate of citizenship, final paper, and last paper.
Matter appearing on a certificate of naturalization is
as follows:
CERTIFICATE OF NATURALIZATION.
Number.
Petition, volume., page.
Stub, volume., page.
Description of holder: Age,.; height^.;
color,.; complexion,.; color of eyes,.;
color of hair,.; visible distinguishing marks,
. Name, age, and place of residence of wife,
., ., . Names, ages, and places of
residence of minor children,., ., .;
.> .} .j .> .> .
., ss:
Be it remembered, that at a.term of the.
court of., held at. on the. day of
., in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
., ., who previous to his (her) natural¬
ization was a citizen or subject of., at present
residing at number . street, . city
(town), . State (Territory or the District of
Columbia), having applied to be admitted a citizen
of the United States of America pursuant to law, and
the court having found that the petitioner had re¬
sided continuously within the United States for at
least five years and in this State for one year imme¬
diately preceding the date of the hearing of his (her)
petition, and that said petitioner intends to reside
permanently in the United States, had in all respects
complied with the law in relation thereto, and that
....he was entitled to be so admitted, it was thereupon
ordered by the said court that ....he be admitted as a
citizen of the United States of America.
In testimony whereof the seal of said court is here¬
unto affixed on the. day of., in the year
of our Lord nineteen hundred and . and of our
independence the.
(L.S.) .,
(Official character of attestor.)
Certificate of Naturalization Lost or Destroyed; See
Form 2225.
Certificate of Proficiency; This is a certificate issued by
the Director of Citizenship of the Bureau of Natural¬
ization to Superintendents of Schools to be given to
a student who is a Declarant who in the judgment of
his teacher shows proper proficiency in his work. No

examination by a representative of the Bureau of
Naturalization is necessary in order to issue this Cer¬
tificate to the student. It does not do away with the
examination in United States Government and United
States History by the representative of the Bureau of
Naturalization when the alien becomes a petitioner.
These certificates are furnished in blank to Superin¬
tendents of Schools by the Naturalization Bureau,
Washington, D. C.
Change in Name: See Name Changed.
Ceylon: An island in the Indian Ocean. Natives of
Ceylon may not become citizens of the United States.
Change of Residence: At the time an alien files a peti¬
tion for naturalization, he must have lived in the
state for one year and in the United States for five
years, both immediately preceding the date of filing
the petition. One yearns residence in the state is
essential, but if the alien has moved from one state
to another in the five years, the entire five years’
residence can be proven by testimony of the witnesses
in the state in which he resided during the five-year
period, by depositions. See Depositions. If he has
changed residence within the state during the five
years, it is necessary that witnesses appear person¬
ally as depositions cannot be used within a state.
Chief Naturalization Examiner: Head of a Natural¬
ization District.
Children Born at Sea: See Children's Citizenship.
Children Born Outside of the United States: See
Children's Citizenship.
Children’s Citizenship: Children born in America are
citizens, regardless of the citizenship of their parents.
Foreign-born minor children, unless they elect to re¬
tain the original citizenship of their father, become
citizens of the United States through the natural¬
ization of their father in case the children live in the
United States and the father is naturalized before
they become twenty-one. Children that do not live
in the United States do not become citizens of the
United States through the naturalization of their
father. If the father is not naturalized until after
the children become twenty-one, the children must go
through the process of naturalization to become citi¬

zens. Foreign-born children adopted by aliens do
not derive citizenship from the naturalizaiton of their
foster-parents. They can only become citizens
Children born of American parents outside of the
United States are American citizens providing that
at some time their father has lived in the United
States. If the children continue to reside outside of
the United States, they must, upon reaching the age
of eighteen, record at the office of a Consul of the
United States in the country in which they are living,
their intention to remain citizens of the United
States, in order to retain their American citizenship
and to receive the protection of the United States
government. When they reach the age of twenty-one,
they must take the oath of allegiance to the United
States before a Consul of the United States.
If a foreign-born man dies before becoming a citi¬
zen and his widow becomes a naturalized citizen be¬
fore the foreign-born children become twenty-one, the
children are citizens. If the widow marries a citizen
before the foreign-born children become twenty-one,
the children are citizens.
Children bora on the ocean of alien parents are
aliens, and must become citizens through the natural¬
ization of their parents, or through their own nat¬
uralization. Children born at sea of American par¬
ents are American citizens.
Children, Foreign-Born: See Children's Citizenship.
Children of a Declarant; See Widow of Declarant.
Children of Two Marriages: See Children's Citizenship.
Chile: Located in South America. Chilians may be¬
China: Located in Asia. Chinese cannot become nat¬
uralized citizens of the United States.
Citizens of the United States: All persons born or
naturalized in the United States and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States
and of the state wherein they reside. (14th amend¬
ment to the Constitution.)
Words in italicf have separate definitions. Ask questions. See pase 6.
Citizen Papers: This is a teiTn often used by aliens in

referring to their Declaration of Intention, or to
their Certificate of Naturalization, or any paper hav¬
ing to do with the naturalization process. It may
mean either first paper or second paper. Questions
to the alien should determine this.
Citizen By Act of Congress: A phrase used to desig¬
nate those deriving citizenship through parent or
husband.
Citizen Witness: See Witness.
Citizenship Classes: Classes are conducted by the
board of education in many cities for the purpose of
teaching the English language and the principles of
American government and United States history.
These are called citizenship classes.
Citizenship Certificatle: This is a phrase used to desig¬
nate the certificate of naturalization.
City Court: A city court is one the jurisdiction of
which is limited to a city.
Civil Government: This is the study of the govern¬
ment and history of the United States. Every alien
must pass an examination which indicates a good
knowledge of the United States Government, before
he can b^e admitted to citizenship. See preliminary
examination.
Classes for Training Aliens: See Boards of Education.
Classification 5F: See Draft Classification 5F.
Classification of Alien Enemy: See Alien Enemy.
Clerk Must Accept Petition for Naturalization: It is
not within the determination of the Clerk of the Court
as to whether or not a person may file a petition
for citizenship. He must accept a Declaration of
Intention or a Petition for Naturalization from any
man or woman; citizenship is for the court.
Clerk of Court: Every court, authorized to handle Nat¬
uralization matters, has a Clerk, who may either be
the regular Clerk of the Court, or a special Clerk
either of whom handle matters relating to the pro-
Coast Guard: See Service to the United States.
Colombia: Located in South America. Colombians may
become citizens of the United States through the
process of naturaliaztion._
Words in italics hayj) separate definitions. Ask questions. See page 6.
Commissioner of Naturalization: This is the Chief

Officer of the Bureau of Naturalization, Department
of Labor, Washington, D. C.
Completing Naturalization; This means that the
candidate for citizenship is finishing the naturaliza¬
tion process, and is to receive his Certificate of Nat¬
uralization.
Consul of the United States: A representative of the
State Department of the United States government
in a foreign country. Names and addresses of con¬
suls can be secured by addressing the State Depart¬
ment, Washington, D. C.
Consul of a Foreign Country: In many of the principal
cities of the United States, offices are maintained by
foreign governments. The representatives of these
governments are called consuls. Citizens of the coun¬
tries represented by the consuls, can secure aid, assist¬
ance, and advice from consuls of their government.
Names and addresses of these consuls can be ob¬
tained by addressing the State Department, Washing¬
ton, D. C.
Continuance: This is a term designating the action of
the court in adjourning a petition for naturalization
to a future session of the court. It is done in order
to give the applicant additional time for preparation
in history or government or to bring his family to
the United States, or because his witnesses are ab¬
sent, or for any other reason which the court may
decide.
Continue the Petition: This term means to adjourn the
case of the petitioner to a future session of the court.
Continued; See Continuance.
Continuous Residence: This is a term referring to the
five years’ residence in the United States required by
the naturalization law. A petitioner for naturaliza¬
tion must prove that he has lived in the United States
for the five years immediately preceding the time
that he files his petition, and that this residence was
continuous, and he must prove it by witnesses who
have seen him at frequent intervals. Minor absences
from the United States can be overcome by exhibit¬
ing correspondence with persons in the United States.
Three months^ absence from the United States is

about the limit. Some courts refuse to accept cor¬
respondence as evidence of continuous residence. Care
should be exercised in selecting witnesses to be sure
that they have seen the petitioner regularly, during
the required five years. The last year before date
petition is filed must have been in the state in which
petition is filed.
Costa Rica; Located in Central America. Costa Ricans
County Court: A County Court is one having jurisdic¬
tion in an entire county.
Court: The word court as used in matters relating to
naturalization may refer to the judge or may refer
to the room in which court is held.
Court, of Naturalization; Any Court having a seal, a
Clerk, and jurisdiction in actions at law or equity,
in which the amount in controversy is unlimited, is
a court of record. Such courts may handle matters
relating to the process of naturalization in the terri¬
tory in which they have jurisdiction.
Cost of Naturalization: See Fees for Naturalization.
Crete: An island in the Mediterranean, south of Greece.
Natives of Crete may become citizens of the United
States through the process of naturalization.
Croatia: Part of Kingdom of Serbia. Croats and Slo¬
venes may become citizens of the United States
Cuba: An island in the West Indies. Citizens of the
Republic of Cuba may become citizens of the United
Czecho-Slovak Republic: Located in Europe. Was part
of Austria-Hungary. Citizens of the Czecho-Slovak
Republic may become citizens of the United States
through the process of naturalization, but because
they were subjects of Germany or Austria-Hungary
before the war with Germany and Austria they are
classified as alien enemies and must secure relief
from classification of alien enemy.
Dalmatia: Part of Austria, Austria-Hungary.
Date of Arrival: See Arrival.
Days when Naturalization Papers May Be Filed: Papers

may be filed any business day during regular office
hours, except that it is not legal to make a Declara¬
tion of Intention on election day, or within thirty days
preceding an election within the jurisdiction of the
court.
December 7, 1917:.Date of beginning of war with
Austria.
Declarant: Any alien who has made a Declaration of
Intention is called a declarant.
Declaration of Intention: This is the first paper signed
by an alien who desires to become a citizen of the
United States. It is called a Declaration of Inten¬
tion because the form is such that it does declare the
intention of the man who signs it to become a citi¬
zen of this country. It is the first step in the process
of naturalization. It can be filled out and signed at
any time, except within 30 days prior to an election, in
the office of the clerk of the court. It is good for seven
years, this seven years including the anniversary of
the day it was made. At the end of the seven years it
expires, and if the petition for naturalization has not
been filed, a new Declaration of Intention must be
made. Copies of a form, No. 2213, called ‘‘Facts for
Declaration of Intention,” can be obtained from the
Clerk of the Court, and filled out at the convenience
of the alien and then taken to the court for reference
by the Clerk in making out the Declaration of In¬
tention, which is signed by the alien. The Declaration
of Intention is usually referred to as the first paper,
and sometimes as first citizen paper. It must be two
years old before the declarant may file a petition for
naturalization. A Declaration of Intention does not
change an alien’s status. He continues to be an
alien until he is admitted to citizenship. Matter ap¬
pearing on a declaration of intention is as follows:
DECLARATION OF INTENTION.
(Invalid for all purposes seven years after the date
hereof.)
., ss:
I,., aged.years, occupation.,
do declare on oath (affirm) that my personal de-
AMERICANIZATION DICTIONARV 21
scription is : Color., complexion., height

., weight., color of hair., color of
eyes ., other visible distinctive marks .;
I was born in ., on the . day of .,
anno Domini .; I now reside at.; I emi¬
grated to the United States of America from.,
on the vessel .; my last foreign residence was
. It is my bona fide intention to renounce for¬
ever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince,
potentate, state, or sovereignty, and particularly to
.., of which I am now a citizen (subject); I ar¬
rived at the (port) of ., in the State (Terri¬
tory or the District of Columbia) of ., on or
about the.day of., anno Domini.;
I am not an anarchist; I am not a polygamist nor a
believer in the practice of polygamy; and it is my
intention in good faith to become a citizen of the
United States of America and to permanently reside
therein. So help me God.
(Original signature of declarant).
Subscribed and sworn to (affirmed) before me this
. day of ., anno Domini .
(L.S.) .,
(Official character of attestor.)
Declaration of Intention Not Required: See Service to
the United States in War with Germany and Austria-
Hungary. See Erroneously Exercised Citizenship.
See Disabled Soldier.
Declaration of Intention Lost or Destroyed: In case a
Declaration of Intention is lost or destroyed, applica¬
tion for a new one should be made on form No. 2225y
obtainable from the Clerk of the Court.
Declarants Who Claimed Exemption tio Escape Military
Service: See Exemption claimed by declarants who
surrendered their declaration of intention, and ex¬
emption from military service claimed by declarants
who did not surrender their declarations.
Declarant’s Widow: See Widow of Declarant.
Delays: Real or apparent delays in securing papers,
by the alien result from several reasons. In such
cases locate the alien in the process of naturalization,
and find out which of the following reasons exist, and
proceed as suggested._
(a) In case an alien arrived after June 29, 1906,

he may be delayed by inability to secure a certificate
of arrival. This may occur for two reasons: the first
is that these certificates are secured for the alien, by
the Bureau of Naturalization from the Bureau of
Immigration and at the present time the Bureau of
Immigration is behind in this work and consequently
cannot give prompt service. It is advised that when a
certificate of arrival is not received within _ two
months after application is made that a duplicate
application be made and marked “second request,”
and forwarded, through the clerk of the court to the
Bureau of Naturalization, the same as the first, and
if no response is received a third application be filled
out, and sent to the Congressman in the congressional
district with a letter explaining the circumstances.
(b) In some cases a certifiacte of arrival cannot
be supplied because the alien was never inspected,
that is, he came into this country without passing
through a regular port of entry. Find out whether
this condition exists, and if so follow suggestions
made under inspection. The record of inspection may
have been lost. See inspection.
(c) In case an alien was a subject of Germany or
Austria, his petition will not be heard in court until
he has secured relief from the classification of alien
enemy. Refer to this for directions as to how to pro¬
ceed. Many clerks of courts are not familiar with
this practice, and are therefore unable to advise alien
enemies who do not understand why they are not noti¬
fied to appear in court.
Denmark: Located in Europe. Danes may become
naturalization.
Department of Justice: One of the Departments of the
United States Government. The Attorney General is
the head of this department. He is a member of the
President’s cabinet. There are local offices of the
department of justice in many cities and they are
usually located in the Federal building.
Department of Labor: This is one of the Departments
of the Government. The Secretary of Labor is a
member of the President’s Cabinet. In this Depart-
ment are the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau

of Naturalization.
Department of State: One of the departments of the
United States government. The Secretary of State
is a member of the President's Cabinet.
Depositions: Any alien who has resided in the state
where he files ^ his petition for naturalization more
than one year just prior to filing petition but for less
than five years, is required to prove that part of his
residence in other states by witnesses in the places
where he previously lived. Affidavits of two or more
witnesses who knew him in his previous place of resi¬
dence are required. If he lived in more than one
state during the five years before coming to the state
in which his petition is filed, he must secure affidavits
from two or more persons in each state. These affi¬
davits are called depositions and when required the
petitioner should first file his petition for naturaliza¬
tion in the presence of his two local witnesses and
should then secure the clerk of the court Form No.
2220. Notice to Take Depositions, and should fill
it out and send it to the Chief Naturalization Ex¬
aminer in the district where witnesses are located,
that is, in the place where he previously lived. The
Chief Naturalization Examiner of that district will
name the notary public and set the time and place
for the witnesses named in 'me form No. 2220 to ap¬
pear, and will then advise the petitioner as to the
officer, time and place set for taking the depositions,
in ample time for the petitioner to notify his wit¬
nesses. In case petitioner has changed residence
within the state, he cannot use depositions. Witnesses
from other cities within the state where petition is
filed, must appear personally at the time of the peti¬
tioner’s appearance in court.
Derivative Citizenship: By derivative citizenship is
meant the citizenship secured by any person without
effort on his part. A wife becomes a citizen upon the
naturalization of her husband. Foreign-horn minor
children residing in the United States and under
twenty-one years of age become citizens upon the
naturalization of their father, or upon naturaliza¬
tion of their mother after the death of the father.
This is usually called citizenship by act of Congress.

See Children's Citizenship. See Woman’s Citizenship.
Deserter: Persons who desert from the Anny or Navy
of the United States are considered to have given up
and forfeited their rights as citizens and also their
rights to become citizens.
Destroyed Citizenship Paper: See Form 2225.
Destroyed Certificate of Naturalization: See Form
2225.
Disability: Persons who were disabled in the United
States Government Service have special consideration
under the Naturalization Laws. See Disabled Sol¬
diers.
Disabled Soldiers: Any person who served in the
United States Army or Navy, during the war with
Germany and Austria-Hungary, and who was honor¬
ably discharged on account of disability incurred in
the line of duty shall not be required to prove five
years’ residence in the United States. He may peti¬
tion for naturalization and be admitted to citizenship
on presentation of his honorable discharge after pre¬
liminary examination by a naturalization examiner,
but he must be accompanied by two credible wit¬
nesses, who are citizens of the United States, and
who make sworn statements that the petitioner is
the person named in the honorable discharge. Such
a petition may be presented in any court at any
time, and it is unnecessary for the petitioner to have
made a Declaration of Intention.
Discharge from Draft: Men who were taken into the
Army under the selective service law, (draft law),
and were immediately discharged for physical or
other disability, were given a discharge from the
draft which differs materially from a discharge from
the Army. There are no special privileges given to
men discharged from the draft.
Discharge from State Militia: See Militia.
Dismissal of Petition: When the court rejects a peti¬
tion for any legal reason, or because the petitioner
has failed to appear in court when notified, usually
referred to as lack of prosecution, or because he has
failed to prepare himself in dvil government and his-
tory of the United States, or because of evidence of

bad moral character, the case is dismissed. The pe¬
titioner may file a new petition providing the cause
for dismissal has been cured. In case it is a matter
of an act of bad character, petitioner must wait five
years from date of act before filing a new petition.
In case the Declaration of Intention expires between
the date of the petition which was dismissed and the
time when the alien can again petition, he must make
a new Declaration of Intention.
Dismissed for Lack of Prosecution; See Dismissal of
Petition.
Director of Citizenship; Chief of the Division of Citi¬
zenship Training in the Bureau of Natualization,
Washington, D. C.
Discharge from the Army; There are three styles of
discharge from the Army, the honorable discharge,
printed on white paper; the ordinary discharge,
printed on blue paper; and the dishonorable dis¬
charge, printed on yellow paper.
District; In matters relating to naturalization, district
means naturalization district.
English Language Required; An alien must be able to
speak English when he files his Petition for Natural¬
ization.
Distri*ct of Columbia; A geographical unit of the
United States. The city of Washington is in the
District of Columbia.
Division of Citizenship Training; This is a division of
the Naturalization Bureau. The head of this division
is the Director of Citizenship. The Division of Citi¬
zenship Training co-operates with schools, clubs, fac¬
tories, etc., in establishing classes for training aliens
preparatory to passing the tests given by the Bureau
of Naturalization for admission to citizenship. This
Division solicits and welcomes inquiries, which should
be addressed to the Director of Citizenship, Bureau
of Naturalization, Washington, D. C.
Dominican Republic; Located on Santo Domingo, an
Island in the West Indies. Dominicans may become
naturalization.
Doubt! As to Right of Naturalization: Where the right

of an alien to become a citizen of the United States
through the process of naturalization is doubtful he
had better file a petition for naturalization and have
court determine his right in regular manner. See
Clerk must accept petition for naturalization.
Draft Classification 5E: An arbitrary classification
given to an alien enemy. Alien enemies were not re¬
quired to serve in the Armies of the United States.
Draft Classification 5F: This means assignment of a
neutral alien to class 5F by the Draft Board because
the alien claimed exemption from military service, in
his questionaire because he was an alien.
Duties of a Citizen: To vote regularly, to know of and
about men and affairs relating to city, state and na¬
tional administration, and to discuss all subjects of
public interest constructively, looking to the great¬
est good for the greatest number, to be personally
responsible for bringing alien people into citizenship,
and to defend the country in time of war.
Dumb: See, Aliens Physically Unable to Speak
Duplicate Certificate of Naturalization: See Form 2225.
Duplicate Declaration of Intention: See Form No. 2225.
Ecuador: Located in South America. Ecudorians may
become citizens of the United States through the pro¬
Educational Qualifications: A petitioner for natural¬
ization must be able to write his own name and must
be able to speak the English language and must have
a knowledge of history and government of the United
States, which is satisfactory to the judge of the court.
There is only one exception to the requirement that a
petitioner speak the English language. This is de¬
fined under Homestead Entry. An alien making a
Declaration of Intention does not need any of the
above qualifications.
Egypt: Located in Africa. See Africa.
Election Day: It is not legal to file a Declaration of
Intention within thirty days preceding the holding of
any election in the jurisdiction of the court. No
Petition for Naturalization may be heard by
the court within thirty days of a general election
within the jurisdiction of the court. A petition may

be filed at any time.
Enemy Alien; See Alien Enemy.
England; Located in Europe. English may become
naturalization.
Erroneously Exercised Citizenship; A man who be¬
lieved he was a citizen, who voted, who served on a
jury or performed other duties of a citizen may, un¬
der certain conditions, file a petition for naturaliza¬
tion without a Declaration of Intention. If he were
not an alien enemy and had lived, without interrup¬
tion, within the United States during the five years
preceding July 1, 1914, and on July 1, 1914, was quali¬
fied to become a citizen, except that he had not made
a Declaration of Intention, and who during or before
that time, (1909-1914), because of misunderstanding
regarding his citizenship, had exercised the rights and
performed the duties of a citizen, may file a petition
for naturalization, without making a Declaration of
Intention, and upon satisfactory proof to the court,
that he has so acted, he may be admitted to citizen^
ship. When his petition is filed, he must be accom¬
panied by two witnesses and must fulfill all of the
conditions required of any petitioner for naturaliza¬
tion. This means that any man who has believed,
over the period named above, that he was a citizen
and that he has acted like one, does not need a first
paper. The courts are particular in these cases, and
the alien who desires to take advantage of this pro¬
vision of the law must clearly show that he acted as
a citizen and had every reason for believing that he
was a citizen.
Establishing Residence; A petitioner for naturalization
must prove that he has lived where he claims to have
lived by the evidence of his two witnesses. See De¬
position. See Continuous Residence.
Examination; All petitioners are examined by a nat¬
uralization examiner, either before the session of the
court, at which they are to appear, this examination
being called the preliminary examination, or in open
court at the time of his appearance in court. The
examination is for the purpose of determining the
petitioner’s eligibility for citizenship and knowledge

of United States Government and United States
History.
Exception from Classification of Alien Enemy: See
Relief from Classification of Alien Enemy.
Exceptions Under Law: Under certain conditions,
some of the steps in the naturalization process may
be omitted. See Service to United States Government.
See Erroneously Exercised Citizenship. See Home¬
stead Entry. See Disabled Soldiers.
Exemption from Military Service Claimed by Declarants
Who Did Not Surrender Their Declaration of Inten¬
tion: Aliens who had made a Declaration of Inten¬
tion and in their questionnaire claimed exemption
from military service during the war with Germany
and Austria because they were not citizens of the
United States, are denied citizenship by the courts
on the grounds that their declaration was made in¬
valid by their action in claiming exemption and be¬
cause by so doing they indicated their unwillingness
to assume the duties of a citizen of the United States.
This relates to all aliens. These men are usually re¬
quired to wait five years before filing a new petition.
Exemption from Military Service Claimed by Aliens
Who Were Not Declarants: These men are in a
peculiar position because their declaration must have
been made after they claimed exemption. Their status
has not been ruled upon and the disposition of such
cases is determined by the court. For specific infor¬
mation address the Chief Naturalization Examiner.
Exemption from Military Service Claimed by Declarants
Who Surrendered Their Declaration of Intention:
Men who had made a Declaration of Intention and
who surrendered it to avoid military service, came
under the provisions of the law passed in July of
1918, in accordance with which such aliens executed
an affidavit stating that they understood that under
the law they would be forever barred from becoming
citizens of the United States. This relates to neutral
aliens only. They are barred from becoming citizens.
Expatriation: When a citizen of the United States be¬
comes a naturalized citizen of any foreign state, or
when he takes an oath of allegiance to any foreign
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See paige 6.
state, or when he has lived in the land from which he

originally came for two years or in any other land
outside of the United States for five years, he has
expatriated himself, which means that unless he has
complied with the regulations of the state department
he has lost his American citizenship. See Loss of
Citizenship. No citizen is allowed to expatriate him¬
self during the time the United States is at war.
Expense of Naturalization: See Fees for Naturaliza¬
tion.
Expense of Subpoena: See Subpoena.
Expiration of a Declaration of Intention: A Declara¬
tion of Intention expires seven years from date of
filing.
Facts for Declaration of Intention: This is the heading
on Form No. 2218. It is merely memoranda from
which the Clerk of the court prepares the Declaration
of Intention.
Facts for Petition for Naturalization: This is the head¬
ing on the Form No. 221 A. It is merely memoranda
from which the Clerk of the court prepares the peti¬
tion.
Failure to Prepare: See Dismissal of Petition.
Family: See Woman*s Citizenship. See Children*s
Citizenship. See Families of Aliens.
Families of Aliens: The naturalization law does not
specifically require that an alien must have his fam¬
ily in the United States before he may be natural¬
ized, but courts do not, as a rule, admit aliens to citi¬
zenship who have not shown their intention to reside
permanently in the United States by bringing their
families to this country. It is also against public pol¬
icy to admit such persons to citizenship because it
may aid in the separation of families. The usual
practice of the court is to continue the petition for a
reasonable time to enable the petitioner to bring his
family to this country.
Federal Building: The Building in which the post-office
is located.
Fees for Naturalization: The law provides that a fee
of $1.00 be charged by the Clerk of the Court when
the Decla/ration of Intention is filed, and that a fee
of $4.00 be charged when a petition for naturaliza¬

tion is filed. There are severe penalties for charging
more than these fees by Clerks. Fees charged by
Clerks for depositions should not exceed five dollars.
The Bureau of Naturalization discourages charges
for service to aliens on the part of citizens or organi¬
zations.
Fiji Islands: Located in Southern Pacific Ocean. Na¬
tives may not become citizens of the United States.
Filed: When a paper is filled out and signed in the
Office of the Clerk of the Court and given to the Clerk
with the appropriate fee, it is said to be filed.
Filing Petition for Citizenship: This is a term which
means the same thing as filing petition for naturaliza¬
tion.
Final Hearing: This is a term used to describe the
appearance in court of the petitioner for naturaliza¬
tion. It is the last appearance of the petitioner in
the process of naturalization and for that reason is
called the final hearing.
Final Papers: This is a term used to indicate the
Certificate of Naturalization.
Finland: Part of Russia. Located in Europe. Finns
First Paper: This is a term used to designate the
Declaration of Intention^ which is the first paper
signed in the process of naturalization.
First Paper Lost or Destroyed. See Form No. 2225.
First Paper Man: A term used to designate a dec¬
larant.
Five Years’ Residence: Five years’ continuous residence
in the United States, immediately preceding the date
of filing a petition for naturalization, is required by
the Naturalization Laws and Regulations.
Five Years’ Residence Not Required: Under certain
conditions five years’ residence is not required. See
Service to United States. See Homestead Entry.
See Disabled Soldiers.
Foreign-Bom Minor Children: These are children of
alien parents bom outside of the United States and
outside of the jurisdiction of the United States who
have not reached the age of twenty-one. These chil¬

dren, if residing in the United States, become citi¬
zens upon the naturalization of their father, if he is
naturalized before they are twenty-one.
Form No. 2213: This is a Form furnished by the Gov-
ernrnent. It is headed *'Facts for Declaration of In¬
tention/* It can be obtained from the Clerk of the
Court, or from the Chief Naturalization Examiner, in
the District, and from teachers in public schools, fac¬
tory or other classes. It should be filled out at home
or at any convenient time or place and taken to the
Clerk of the Court as memoranda from which he fills
out the original of the Declaration of Intention.
Form No. 2214; This is a Form furnished by the Gov¬
ernment and is headed “Facts for Petition for Nat¬
uralization,** for use of aliens who came to this coun¬
try before June 29th, 1906, This can be obtained
from the Clerk of the Court, or from the Chief Nat¬
uralization Examiner in any District, or from teach¬
ers in the schools, factory, or other classes. It should
be filled out at home or at any other place and taken
to the Clerk of the Court, who will use it for refer¬
ence in making out the actual petition for naturaliza¬
tion. It is merely a memoranda for the use of the
Clerk.
Form No. 2220: This is a Government Form to be used
in case a petitioner for naturalization needs to secure
a deposition from witnesses in cities in other states.
It can be obtained from the Clerk of the Court or
from the Chief Naturalization Examiner in any Dis¬
trict. See Depositions.
Form No. 2225: This is a Form furnished by the Gov¬
ernment for the purpose of obtaining a copy of lost
or destroyed naturalization papers. It can be ob¬
tained from the Clerk of the Court or from the Chief
Naturalization Examiner in any District.
Form No. 2226: This is a Form furnished by the Gov¬
ernment in which is combined the request for Cer¬
tificate of Arrival and Facts for Petition for Natural¬
ization. It is for the use of aliens who arrived after
June 29, 1906. It can be obtained from the Clerk of
the Court or the Chief Naturalization Examiner in
Words in iffl/tV/ have separate definitions. Ask questions. See page 6^
the District, or from teachers in citizenship classes.

It should be filled out at home or at any convenient
time or place and mailed to the Commissioner of Nat¬
uralization, Washington, D. C.
France: Located in Europe. French may become citi¬
uralization.
Fraud in Securing Naturalization: In case a Certificate
or Naturalization is secured by false representation,
by fraud of any kind, or incorrect decision of court, it
may be cancelled by action of the court. Such action
is usually initiated by the United States Attorney.
Galicia: Part of Austria. See Austria.
Germany: Located in Europe. Citizens of Germany
naturalization process, but because they were subjects
of Germany before the war with Germany and Aus¬
tria they are classified as alien enemies and must se¬
cure relief from classification of alien enemy.
Good Moral Character: Proof of good moral character
is required under the naturalization law. This means
that the man must have stood well in the community,
looked after his family properly and observed the
laws. Good moral character is required to be proven
for a period of five years immediately preceding the
date of filing of petition. If a man has been con¬
victed of a crime or has committed any act which
would seriously affect his character, it is evident that
he should not file a petition for five years from the
time of such action.
Good Conduct: See Certificate of Good Conduct.
Greece: Located in Europe. Greeks may become citi¬
zens of the United States through the p^'ocess of nat¬
uralization.
Greenland: Located in North Polar Regions. Danish
Colony. See Denmark.
Guatemala: Located in Central America. Guatamal-
ians may become citizens of the United States through
the process of naturalization,
Guiana; British, Dutch, French: All located in South
America. Citizens may become citizens of the United
Words in tfa/ia have separate definitions. Ask questions. Seepages.
Haiti; An island in the West Indies. Haitians may be¬

Hawaiian Islands: A territory of the United States.
Natives of the Hawaiian Islands are citizens of the
United States.
Hearing in Court: This is a term used to designate the
final appearance of the petitioner in the process of
naturalization. The petitioner is notified by the Clerk
of the Court to appear in court, with his two wit¬
nesses, on a certain day at a certain hour. His name
is called by the Clerk of the Court, and he and his
witnesses stand before the Judge and the Naturaliza¬
tion Examiner representing the Government examines
them. If the petitioner shows proper knowledge of
the United States History and United States Gov¬
ernment, or if he has passed a satisfactory examina¬
tion in his preliminary examination, and if the tes¬
timony of his witnesses proves five years’ continuous
residence and good moral character, he is admitted
to citizenship by the court after taking the oath of
allegiance.
Hearing, Notification of; See Notification of Hearing.
Hebrews: See Jews.
Hereditary Title: If an alien, who has filed a petition
for naturalization, has had an hereditary title, or has
any order of nobility, in the kingdom or state from
which he came, he must renounce his title or order of
nobility in the court in which his petition is filed.
Homestjead Entry: Any alien who has declared his in¬
tention to become a citizen of the United States, and
who makes a homestead entry on the public lands of
the United States, is not required to speak English
in order to be admitted to citizenship.
Honduras: Located in Central America. Citizens of
the Republic of Honduras may become citizens of the
Honorable Discharge: When a man who has served
in the Ai-my or Navy or in any branch of the United
States service for the period of his enlistment, with
honor, he is given an honorable discharge.
Hungary: See Austria-Hungary.
Illiterate Alien: Aliens who cannot read or write their

own or any other language are illiterate aliens.
Immigrant: Any person who comes into the United
States from any other country with a purpose of
making the United States his home, is an immigrant.
Immigratibn Authorities: Officials of the Bureau of
Immigration.
Immigration Bureau: See Bureau of Immigration.
India: Located in Asia. Hindoos are generally allowed
to become citizens of the United States through the
Indian: An American-bom Indian becomes a citizen of
the United States when he leaves his tribe. No pro¬
vision is made for his naturalization except by special
act of Congress. Foreign-born Indians may not be¬
come citizens of the United States.
Inspector in Charge: This is the official title of the
Chief of any Immigration Office. See Inspection.
Inspection: Every immigrant coming to the United
States must be inspected. In each Port of Entry in
the United States, are officials of the Bureau of Im¬
migration who examine them. This is called “in¬
spection.” Each alien is examined to determine his
physical and mental condition, and to learn whether
he has the necessary educational qualifications re¬
quired by the law. A record is made and kept. Based
on this information, the Bureau of Immigration is¬
sues a Certificate of Arrival, required by an alien who
arrived in the United States after June 29th, 1906,
before he can file his petition for naturalization. In
cases where aliens came to the United States without
passing through a port of entry and are not inspected,
it is necessary for them to be inspected by officials
of the Bureau of Immigration before a Certificate
of Arrival can be issued to them. To secure such
an inspection the alien must write the Commissioner
of Naturalization, Bureau of Naturalization, Wash¬
ington, D. C., explaining the circumstances of his
arrival and asking permission to appear before an
inspector of the Bureau of Immigration. Permis¬
sion will be granted by the Commissioner of Nat¬
uralization and information will be given by him as
to the nearest office of the Bureau of Immigration,

to which he may go for inspection. After the alien
appears before the inspector in charge and passes a
satisfactory examination, notice will be sent by the
Bureau of Naturalization and a Certificate of Ar¬
rival for the alien will be sent to the court in which
he has indicated his desire to petition for naturaliza¬
tion. In case he cannot appear personally within
four months before an inspector, a blank form will
be sent to him by the Inspector, and this form will
be filled out by the alien and returned to the inspec¬
tor, and this will be accepted as an inspection in
place of a personal inspection. This kind of an in¬
spection is called a^nunc pro tunc.”
Inspector: An official of the Bureau of Immigration.
See Inspection.
Ireland: Located in Europe. Irish may become citi¬
zens of the United States through the process of
naturalization.
Irregular Arrival: This is a term used to describe the
arrival of an immigrant who comes into this country
without passing through a port of entry and without
being inspected by the Immigration Officials.
Italy: Located in Europe. Italians may become citi¬
uralization.
Japan: Located in Asia. Japanese may not become
citizens of the United States.
Jews: May become citizens of the United States through
the process of naturalization. If subjects of Ger¬
many, see Germany. If subjects of Austria-Hungary,
see Austria-Hungary.
Judge of the Court: A judge presiding in the court in
which matters relating to naturalization are handled
is called the judge of the court.
June 29th, 1906: This is the date when the law requir¬
ing a Certificate of Arrival was passed. Aliens com¬
ing before this date do not require a Certificate of
Arrival to petition for naturalization. Aliens arriv¬
ing after this date require a Certificate of Arrival
in order to petition for naturalization.
Jurisdiction: Legal authority, extent of power, district

over which any authority extends.
Jurisdiction of Court: This means the territory in
which the court has authority. A city court has
jurisdiction within the city, a county court within a
county and the United States Courts have jurisdic¬
tion over their respective districts.
Jurisdiction of the United States: The territory in
which the United States has authority and control.
Korea; Located in Asia. Koreans may not become citi¬
zens of the United States.
Legal Fees: See Fee sfor Naturalization.
Length of Residence for Citizenship: A minimum time
of five years and three months must elapse before a
person may become a citizen of the United States
through the process of naturalization. This comprises
five years’ residence in the United States immediately
preceding the time when petition is filed and at least
ninety days between the time petition is filed and
date of appearance in court. The residence for year
immediately preceding the petition must be in the
state in which application is made.
Liberia: Located in Africa. See Africa.
Liechtenstein: Located in Europe. Citizens of Liech¬
tenstein may become citizens of the United States
Line of Duty: A soldier or sailor or anyone in the
United States military or naval service is serving
in the line of duty when performing any or all of the
duties required by a soldier or a man serving in that
branch of the service.
Lithuania: Located in Europe. Citizens of Lithuania
Lorraine: See Alsace-Lorraine.
Loss of Citizenship: Citizenship may be lost under cer¬
tain conditions. An American-born woman who mar¬
ries an alien loses her citizenship, and becomes a citi¬
zen of the nation to which her husband owes alleg¬
iance. An American loses his citizenship by expat¬
riation, that is, by becoming a citizen of another
country or by taking an oath of allegiance to another
country. Any person loses his citizenship through

desertion from the army or navy or from any branch
of the military or naval service of the government,
or a person may lose his citizenship by the cancel¬
lation of his Certificate of Naturalization by the
court, or by giving an oath of allegiance to a for¬
eign country for military sei^ce or for any other
reason, and a naturalized citizen loses his citizen¬
ship by residing in the foreign state from which he
came, for two years, or in any other foreign state
for five years unless he complies with the regulations
of the State Department as to registering with Con¬
suls.
Lost Certificate of Naturalization: See Form No. 2225.
Lost Citizenship Papers: See Form No. 2225.
Lost Declaration of Intention: See Form No. 2225.
Lost Naturalization Papers: See Form No. 2225.
Lost Record of Inspection: In some cases the inspection
record of an alien has been lost. This makes it neces-
saiy that a new inspection should be given, in the
same way as in cases of irregular arrival. See In-
spection.
Lost Second Paper: See Form No. 2225.
Luxemburg: Located in Europe. Citizens of Luxem¬
burg may become citizens of the United States
Malay States: Located in Asia. Natives of the Malay
States may not become citizens of the United States.
Manchuria: Part of China. See China.
Marine Corps: This is a branch of the navy. It is
composed of men who serve on warships. See Ser¬
vice to United States.
Marriage: See Woman*s Citizenship. See Children*s
Citizenship.
Men Who Refused Naturalization in the Army: Men
Who Declined Naturalization in the Army when of¬
fered it under the special privileges given to soldiers
must go through the entire process of naturalization
just as though they had not been in the service. This
means that they must make a new Declaration of In¬
tention and after two years file a petition for natural¬
ization.
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See parge 6.
Men Who Served in Allied Armies in War with Germany

and Austria: See Service in Allied Armies.
Mexico; Located in North America. Mexicans may be¬
Military and Naval Service: See Service to the United
States.
Mistakes in Declaration and Petition: Purely clerical
errors may be corrected with the consent of the court.
Incorrect or incomplete statement of former alleg¬
iance invalidates the Declaration. If a name, other
than the legal name, is used in either the Declara¬
tion or the Petition correction can be made, with con¬
sent of the court, upon proper proof and identifica¬
tion.
Militia: Discharge from State Militia is not a dis¬
charge from the service of the United States. An
honorable discharge from the State Militia has no
value in the naturalization process, except when the
militia has been engaged in federal service. See
Service to United States.
Monaco: Located in Europe. Citizens of Monaco may
become citizens of the United States through the
Montenegro: Located in Europe. Citizens of Monte¬
negro may become citizens of the United States
Morocco: Located in Africa. Moroccoans may become
naturalization.
Name: Every alien should put into all naturalization
papers, the name he went by in the old country, and
any new name he is known by in this country.
Name Changed: In case an alien desires to change his
name, he may do so at the time he is admitted to citi¬
zenship. In case he desires to do this, it should be so
stated in his petition.
Name of Ship; The name of the ship or railroad by
which the alien came to the United States must be
given in all naturalization papers. Without the name
of the ship or railroad it is difficult for immigration
officials to locate records of inspection. The respon-
sibility of furnishing this information rests on the

alien.
National Army; See Service to United States.
National Guard: See Service to United States. See
Militia.
Nativity: A man is a native of the land in which he
was born.
Naturalization: This is the legal process provided by
the United States laws, under which a citizen of
another nation may become a citizen of the United
States. See Process of Naturalization.
Naturalized: Any person who has been given citizen¬
ship through the process of naturalization and any¬
one deriving citizenship through the naturalization of
parents or husbands, are said to be naturalized.
Naturalization Bureau: Bureau of Naturalization.
Naturalized Citizen: A foreign-born man or woman
who has become a citizen of the United States through
the process of naturalization, is a naturalized citi¬
zen.
Naturalization Court: See Court, Naturalization.
Naturalization District: One of the Divisions into
which the United States is divided for the adminis¬
tration of the Naturalization Laws. Offices in each
district are as follows:
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Connecticut and Rhode Island—James Farrell, Chief
Naturalization Examiner, 721 Old South Building,
Boston, Mass.
Northern, Eastern and Southern New York and
« Hudson County, N. J.—Merton A. Sturges, Chief
Naturalization Examiner, 5 Beckman Street, New
York, N. Y.
Eastern and Middle Districts of Pennsylvania,
Delaware and New Jersey (except Hudson County)
J. G. Gurnett, Chief Naturalization Examiner, Fed¬
eral Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Alabama, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Louisiana, Maryland (except counties of Allegany,
Frederick, Garrett and Washington), Mississippi,
North Carolina, Porto Rico, South Carolina, Tennes¬
see (except Shelby County), Texas and Virginia) —
Oran T. Moore, Chief Naturalization Examiner, De¬

partment of Labor, Washington, D. C.
Western Pennsylvania, Western New York, West
Virginia, Ohio, counties of Allegany, Frederick, Gar¬
rett and Washington, Md., Kentucky and Southern
Indiana—William M. Kagsdale, Chief Naturalization
Examiner, Federal Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Southern Wisconsin, Northern Indiana, Northern
Illinois, Jeiferson County, Ky., Southern Peninsula of
Michigan, and Mackinac County, Mich.—Fred J.
Schlotfeldt, Chief Naturalization Examiner, Federal
Building, Chicago, Ill.
Arkansas, Oklahoma, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska,
Kansas, Shelby County, Tenn., and Southern Illinois
—Morris E. Bevington, Chief aNturalization Exam¬
iner, Customhouse, St. Louis, Mo.
Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Northern
Wisconsin, and Northern Peninsula of Michigan (ex¬
cept Mackinac County)—Robert S. Coleman, Chief
Naturalization Examiner, Federal Building, St. Paul,
Minn.
Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, Utah and South¬
ern Idaho—Paul Armstrong, Chief Naturalization
Examiner, Federal Building, Denver, Colo.
Arizona, California and Nevada—George A.
Crutchfield, Chief Naturalization Examiner, Federal
Building, San Francisco, Cal.
Washington, Oregon, Montana and Northern Idaho
(except as otherwise assigned)—John Speed Smith,
Chief Naturalization Examiner, Federal Building,
Seattle, Wash.
Alaska and Hawaii—United States Attorneys.
Naturalization Examiner: A representative of the
Naturalization Bureau, working under the Chief Nat¬
uralization Examiner, of a District, and represent¬
ing the Government in Court in Naturalization pro¬
ceedings.
Naturalization Laws and Regulations: Copies of the
Naturalization Laws and Regulation can be obtained
by addressing the Bureau of Naturalization, Depart¬
ment of Labor, Washington, D. C., or the Chief Nat¬
uralization Examiner in any District,
Words in ttfl/icj have separate definitions. Ask questions. Seepages.
Naturalization Offices; See Naturalization District.

Naturalization Papers: The various fonus used in con¬
nection with the process of naturalization are called
naturalization papers.
Naturalization Process: See Process of Naturalization.
Naturalization Service: This is a term used to desig¬
nate the Bureau of Naturalization and its various
branches and employees.
Naval Auxiliary Service: See Service to United States.
Navy: Service in the United States Navy entitles the
alien to special consideration. See Service to the
United States.
Netherlands: Located in Europe. Citizens of the Neth¬
erlands may become citizens of the United States
Newfoundland; Located in North America. Citizens
of Newfoundland may become citizens of the United
States through the process of naturalization,
Nicaragua; Located in Central America. Nicaraguans
may become citizens of the United States through
the process of naturalization.
Ninety Days: No petition for naturalization can be
heard in less than ninety days, from the date of filing
petition excluding date of filing and date of hearing,
except in cases of Service to United States. See
Posting Names of Petitioners.
Nobilitjy: See Hereditary Titles.
Norway: Located in Europe. Norwegians may be¬
Notice of Preliminary Examination: Notices of the day
and hour that the petitioner and his witnesses are to
appear before the Naturalization Examiner for pre¬
liminary examination are sent out by the Chief Nat-
urailzation Examiner in the District, several days in
advance of the date set for the examination.
Notice to Take Depositions: See Form No. 2220.
Notification of Hearing: Notices are sent to the
petitioner by the Clerk of the Court in the District
in which the petitioner is located, telling him of the
day and hour that he is to appear in court. The
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questiens. See page 6.
petitioner must notify his witnesses. Sending these

notices is an accommodation on the part of the clerk.
The responsibility for knowing the time he is to
appear in court rests with the alien.
Nunc Pro Tunc Inspect)ion: See Inspection.
Oath of Allegiance: The oath of allegiance must be
taken by an alien when he has been admitted to citi¬
zenship by the court. It is as follows:
‘T hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and
entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidel¬
ity to any foreign prince, potentate, stj.te, or sover¬
eignty, and particularly to.
the.of.of whom
I have heretofore been a subject; that I will support
and defend the Constitution and laws of the United
States of America against all enemies, foreign and
domestic; and that I will bear true faith and alleg¬
iance to the same.”
Occupation: Occupation is the vocation or trade fol¬
lowed by the alien in making his living.
Office Hours: The hours when the ofiice of the Clerk
of the Court is open for carrying on the regular busi¬
ness of the court.
Officials of the Bureau of Immigration at the Port| of
Entry: These are the representatives of the Bureau
of Immigration, and their work is the inspection of
aliens and keeping the records of their entrance into
this country.
Omission of Certificate of Arrival: Persons arriving
in the United States before June 29th, 1906, soldiers
while in service and honorably discharged soldiers
who served in the world war do not need a Certifi¬
cate of Arrival.
Omission of Declaration of Intention: Certain aliens
are permitted to file a petition for naturalization
without a Declaration of Intention. See Service to
the United States. See Erroneously Exercised Citi¬
zenship. See Disabled Soldiers.
Omission of Proof of Five Years Residence: Certain
aliens are permitted to petition for naturalization
without proof of five years’ residence. See Service
to United States. See Disabled Soldiers. See Sea^

men.
One Yearns Residence in the State: An alien must live
within the state in which he files his petition for nat¬
uralization for one year immediately preceding date
of filing his petition.
Open Court: The term is used in reference to peti¬
tioner’s appearance before the Judge sitting in regu¬
lar session to hear naturalization cases. It also means
public hearing.
Order of Court Admitting Petitioner: On the back of
the copy of each petition is a blank form with the
above heading, which is filled out by the Clerk of the
Court and signed by the Judge after the petitioner
is admitted to citizenship and before his Certificate
of Naturalization is issued to him.
Outlawed Declaration of Intention: The first paper,
which is the Declaration of Intention, is good for
seven years from date of filing. At the end of seven
years, it expires and a new Declaration must be made.
Panama: Located in Central America. Panamaians
Papers: The Declaration of Intention and the Certifi¬
cate of Naturalization are referred to respectively,
as first paper and second paper. If a man says, ^‘I
have my papers,” it indicates that he thinks he is a
citizen. If he says, ‘T have my first paper,” it in¬
dicates that he has made a Declaration of Intention.
If he says, “I have asked for my second papers,” it
means that he has petitioned for a Certificate of Nat¬
uralization. If he says, “I am trying to get my sec¬
ond papers,” it may mean that he has filed his peti¬
tion for naturalization and is held up because he is
an alien enemy, or it may be that he is unable to peti¬
tion for citizenship because he has not secured a
Certificate of Arrival. He may not have secured a
Certificate of Arrival because of congestion in Wash¬
ington or Ellis Island or some port of entry, or be¬
cause he came into the country in an irregular arrival
and, therefore, needs a special inspection. Some¬
times men refer to the application for Certificate of
Arrival as the second paper and to the petition for

naturalization as the third paper.
Paraguay; Located in South America. Paraguayans
Passport Law: The existing passport law and regula¬
tions require immigrants to provide themselves with
passports issued by the Government of which they
are citizens or subjects. Subsequently such passports
should be presented for visa to the United States
Consul nearest to the immigrant’s place of residence,
and again visaed by the United States Consul at the
Port of Embarkation. This visaed passport is not
to be considered as a guarantee that an alien will be
admitted to this country. The Bureau of Immigra¬
tion declines to determine whether or not an alien is
admissable until after arrival and personal inspec¬
tion at 'the port of entry.
Passport: A passport may be obtained, by a natural¬
ized citizen, by presenting his Certificate of Natural¬
ization to the Clerk of a United States District Court,
and making application through him to the Depart¬
ment of State. The applicant must furnish three
photographs of himself, three inches square, and
must have a witness who is a citizen of the United
States, at the time of applying for the passport. The
fee is $10.00.
Personal Knowledge: Personal knowledge of a peti¬
tioner is required on the part of his witnesses. The
courts and the Bureau of Naturalization interpret
personal knowledge to mean that witnesses must
have seen and talked with the petitioner at frequent
intervals during the five-year period just preceding
the date of his petition. It is desirable that witnesses
have seen or talked with petitioner at least once a
month during the five-year period and that they are
intimate personal acquaintances.
Personally Known: See Personal Knowledge.
Peru: Located in South America. Peruvians may be¬
Petitioner: A person who has filed a petition for nat¬
uralization.
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See pa«e 5.
Petitioner for Citizenship: A person who has filed a

petition for naturalization.
Petition by Children of a Declarant Father Who Has
Died: See Widow of Declarant.
Petition for Citizenship: Means the same as Petition
for Naturalization.
Petitioner for Naturalization: One who has filed a
petition for naturalization, also called a Petitioner,
Petition for Naturalization: This is the application for
second or final paper required in the process of nat¬
uralization. It is filled out in the office of the Clerk
of the Court. See Form No. 2214- and see Form No.
2226. The following is matter appearing on a Peti¬
tion for Naturalization:
PETITION FOR NATURALIZATION.
- Court of .
In the matter of the petition of. to be
admitted as a citizen of the United States of America.
To the . Court:
The petition of . respectfully shows:
First. My full name is.
Second. My place of residence is number .
.street, city of., State (Territory or the
District of Columbia) of .
Third. My occupation is .
Fourth. I was born on the . day of .
at .
Fifth. 1 emigrated to the United States from.,
on or about the . day of ., anno Domini
., and arrived at the port of ., in the
United States, on the vessel .
Sixth. I declared my intention to become a citi¬
zen of the United States on the.day of.,
at., in the.court of.
Seventh. I am . married. My wife’s name is
. She was born in.and now re¬
sides at . I have . children, and the
name, date, and place of birth and place of residence
of each of said children is as follows: .;
Eighth. I am not a disbeliever in or opposed to

organized government or a member of or affiliated
with any organization or body of persons teaching

disbelief in organized government. I am not a polyg¬
amist nor a believer in the practice of polygamy. I
am attached to the principles of the Constitution of
the United States, and it is my intention to become
a citizen of the United States and to renounce abso¬
lutely and forever all allegiance and fidelity to any
foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, and
particularly to ., of which at this time I ani a
citizen (or subject), and it is my intention to reside
permanently in the United States.
Ninth. I am able to speak the English language.
Tenth. I have resided continuously in the United
States of America for a term of five years at least
immediately preceding the date of this petition, to
wit, since ., anno Domini ., and in the
State (Territory or the District of Columbia) of
. for one year at least next preceding the date
of this petition, to wit, since . day of .,
anno Domini .
Eleventh. I have not heretofore made petition for
citizenship to any court. (I made petition for citi¬
zenship to the.court of.at., and
the said petition was denied by the said court for the
following reasons and causes, to wit, .,
and the cause of such denial has since been cured or
removed.)
Attached hereto and made a part of this petition
are my declaration of intention to become a citizen
of the United States and the certificate from the De¬
partment of Labor required by law. Wherefore your
petitioner prays that he may be admitted a citizen
of the United States of America.
Dated.
(Signature of petitioner) .
., ss:
., being duly sworn, deposes and says
that he is the petitioner in the above-entitled pro¬
ceeding; that he has read the foregoing petition and
knows the contents thereof; that the same is true of
his own knowledge, except as to matters therein
stated to be alleged upon information and belief, and
that as to those matters he believes it to be true.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this .

day of., anno Domini .
(L.S.) .,
Clerk of the.Court.
Philippine Constabulary: A military police force main¬
tained in the Philippine Islands. Service in this or¬
ganization entitles the alien to special consideration.
See Service to the United States.
Philippine Islands: Located south of Asia. A Filipino
cannot became a citizen of the United States through
the process of naturalization, except after service in
the United States Navy, Marine Corp or Naval Aux¬
iliary Service. See Service to United States.
Poland: Located in Europe. Poles are of three classes,
Russian Poles, German Poles and Austrian Poles.
All may become American citizens through the pro¬
cess of naturalization, but because the German and
Austrian Poles were subjects of Germany and Aus¬
tria before the war with Germany and Austria they
are classified as alien enemies and must secure relief
from the classification of alien enemy.
Polygamy: A man who marries more than one wife
practices polygamy. A man believing in polygamy
may not be naturalized.
Port of Embarkation: The city where alien got on the
boat or train to come to the United States.
Port of Entry: A port of Entry is a seaport of the
United States, or a land port, where the Bureau of
Immigration maintains an office for the inspection of
aliens.
Porto Rico: Located in the West Indies. A district
of the United States. Citizens of Porto Rico are
citizens of the United States.
Portugal: Located in Europe. Portuguese may be¬
Possessions of the United States: The Philippine
Islands, Guam, Virgin Islands and the Panama Canal
Zone, are possessions of the United States.
Posting Names of Petitioners: The Clerk of the Court
is required to post in a public place in his office, or
in the building in which his office is located, the
names, nativity and residence of the petitioner^ the

date and place of his arrival in the United States,
and the date as nearly as possible of the final hearing
of the petition, and the names of his witnesses, for
ninety days in advance of final hearing excluding
date petition was filed and date of hearing.
Preliminary Examination: A Naturalization Examiner
spends such time as is necessary in each city where
there are courts having jurisdiction in naturalization
matters, between sessions of the court, to examine
candidates for citizenship, as to their eligibility for
citizenship and as to their knowledge of United
States government and History. If the candidate
is considered to have a satisfactory knowledge, the
Examiner makes a record of that fact, and he is
asked no further questions on these subjects at the
time of his appearance in court. Witnesses are re¬
quired to appear with the candidates at the prelimi¬
nary examination. If the Examiner does not pass the
candidate, he is advised to utilize the time between
the preliminary examination and the time of his ap¬
pearance in court in study, so that he can answer the
questions on civil government and history at that
time. Notification is sent to the petitioner of the
day and hour at which he must appear for prelimi¬
nary examination, by the Chief Naturalization Exam¬
iner.
Presidential Exception: See Relief from Classification
of Alien nemy.
Presidential Exception Required: This is required by
all persons who were born in Germany, or were sub¬
jects of Germany, whose declarations of intention
were less than two years old on April 6th, 1917, the
date of the Declaration of War with that country,
or who were born in the Austrian Empire, or were
subjects of the former Austrian Empire, whose
declarations were less than two years old on Decem¬
ber 7th, 1917, the date of the Declaration of War with
that Government.
Process of Naturalization: The first step in the process
of naturalization is the Declaration of Intention. Any
male alien or any unmarried female alien eighteen
years old or older, may make a Declaration of Inten-
AMBRIOANIZATION DICTIONARY 49
tion any time after arrival in the United States. This

paper sets forth his intention to reside permanently
in the United States and within seven years to re¬
nounce allegiance to the government of which he is
a subject, and to become a citizen of the Unit^
States. (See Form 2213.)
When the Declaration of Intention is two years
old and when the alien is twenty-one years old and
has lived in the United States continuously (see Con¬
tinuous Residence) for five years, (this five years be¬
ing that immediately preceding the date of filing peti¬
tion,) he may file a petition for naturalization (see
Form No. 221 A). If he arrived in this country after
June 29th, 1906, he must, before filing a petition for
naturalization, secure a Certificate of Arrival. (See
Form No. 2226).
When he files his petition for naturalization, he
must be accompanied by two witnesses, who are citi¬
zens of the United States. These witnesses must
make affidavit (see witnesses, affidavit) that they
have known petitioner for the five years (if the peti¬
tioner has lived that entire period within the state)
just preceding date of petition. If they are natural¬
ized citizens, they must exhibit their Certificate of
Naturalization. If petitioner has lived in more than
one state during this five years, see Depositions.
After a petition is filed, it is the immediate duty
of the Clerk of the Court to post the name, nativity
and residence of the petitioner, date and place of ar¬
rival in this country, and as nearly as possible, the
date of the final hearing, and the name of his wit¬
nesses, and this must remain so posted for ninety
days, not including the date of filing the petition and
the date of hearing.
During this ninety days, in cities where there is a
large volume of work, a Naturalization Examiner
will conduct preliminary examinations of the peti¬
tioners, to determine their eligibility to citizenship,
and their knowledge of history and government. See
Preliminary Examination.
At the first session of the naturalization court fol¬
lowing the ninety day period, the petitioner will be
notified by the Clerk of the Court to appear for his
hearing in court, with his two witnesses, and will be

there examined as to his eligibility to citizenship and
as to his knowledge of civil goveomment and history.
His witnesses will be examined to prove the peti¬
tioner's five years' residence, good moral character
and eligibility for citizenship, and if it appears to the
satisfaction of the court that all conditions are right
(See Alien enemy), the petitioner will be admitted to
citizenship after taking the oath of allegiance to the
United States.
The clerk of the court will prepare his Certificate
of Naturalization, and he will have completed the
process of naturalization and will be a citizen of the
United States.
Prussia; Part of Germany. See Germayiy.
Public Schools: See Board of Education.
Qualifications for Voter: Each state determines the
length of residence of its voters. Information rela¬
tive to requirements in any state can be secured from
the Clerk of the City or from the Secretary of State
of the state.
Questionnaire: The blank form filled out by men who
registered under the Selective Service Law.
Reading: An alien is not required to be able to read
in order to be admitted to citizenship.
Registered as Alien Enemy; At the beginning of the
World War all aliens, owing allegiance to Germany or
Austria, were required to register with the police
officials of the city, or county, as alien enemies. Rec¬
ords of such registration can be obtained from the
local police department, or the local office of the
Department of Justice.
Registration for Selective Service: Aliens are always
asked whether they registered under the selective
service law (draft law) and as to their classification,
at the time of their preliminary examination or their
appearance in court. Aliens should, when possible,
take their classification card whenever appearing in
connection with their naturalization.
Registration with Consul: An alien who is a declarant
and who subsequently registers with a consul of the
country to which he owes allegiance invalidates his
Declaration of Intention.
Regular Army: See Service to United States.

Relief from Classification of Alien Enemy: Any alien
enemy who desires to become a citizen of the United
States must, if his Declaration was less than two
years old at the beginning of the war with Germany
and Austria, file an application for exception from
the classification of alien enemy, by the President,
at the time he files his petition for naturalization.
By this is meant that he must sign certain papers,
which request the authorities in Washington to re¬
move the classification of alien enemy from him that
he may become a citizen.
The necessary papers for filing the application for
Presidential Exception may be obtained from the
Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. A good
form to use in addressing the Department of Justice
is as follows:
“Attorney General,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Sir:
I desire to be excepted from the Classification of
Alien Enemy in order that my petition for naturaliza¬
tion, referred to below, may be called for hearing.
Will you knidly give me proper instructions and fur¬
nish the necessary Forms on which to make the ap¬
plication? The number of my petition is . It
was filed in . Court on .19.
The number of my Declaration of Intention is.
It was filed on .19., in . Court.
Sincerely yours,
(Name).”
The Department of Justice will send the necessary
blank forms on receipt of this request. Full in¬
structions are given with each set of papers and
these instructions should be studied carefully and all
papers filled out exactly in accordance with them.
When papers have been filled out, they should be
mailed to the Attorney General of the United States,
Washington, D. C. He will then refer the matter to
the Local Office of the Department of Justice in the
city where the petitioner resides, in case there is
such an office, and in case there is not, to the nearest
office, and the special agent of the Department will
examine the petitioner and the two witnesses r^
quired in connection with the application for Presi¬
dential Exception, and if he finds that the alien has
been loyal during the war, and in every way been
a good citizen during and before the war, he will so
report to the Department of Justice, and this depart¬
ment will notify him that he is relieved of the clas¬
sification of enemy alien and that he may appear i-:
court.
If he is of German birth or allegiance and his
Declaration of Intention was more than two years
old on A^7 6th, 1917, or of Austrian birth or al¬
legiance, if his Declaration was more than two years
ol don December 7th, 1917, it is unnecessary for him
to petition for Presidential Exception. In this case
the Chief Naturalization Examiner in the District
makes the investigation and has it within his power
to authorize the hearing in court of the petitioner.
Renunciation of Allegiance: A petitioner for natural¬
ization must renounce allegiance to his former ruler.
If an error is made in this respect in the Declara¬
tion of Intention, a new one must be filed.
Renunciation of Title of Nobility: See Heredita/ry
Titles.
Residence: A place of actual residence of a married
man is the place where his family dwells. Only a
constructive residence in the United States has been
acquired where the family of the petitioner has never
been in the United States. It is customary for the
court to continue the petition until petitioner has
brought his family to the United States and in case
of protracted delay in bringing his family petition
is dismissed or denied.
An alien must have lived continuously in the United
States for five years and in the State or Territory in
which he files petition for naturalization one year
immediately preceding Ws application, before peti¬
tion for naturalization may be filed. A petitioner, if
in the service of the United States, does not lose his
residence because of being in the Canal Zone.
Roumania: Located in Europe. Roumanians may be¬
come citizens of the United States through the pro-
cess of naturalization,_
Words in italics have sepanate definitions. Ask questions. See page 5.
AMERICANIZATION DICTIONARY It
Russia: Located in Europe. Russians may become

naturalization,
Salvador: Located in Central America. Salvadorians
may become citizens of the United States through
the process of naturalization.
Santo Domingo: See Dominican Republic.
Schools: Public schools in nearly every city in the
United States furnish instruction for aliens in night,
day and factory classes. The general practice is for
the Board of Education to furnish an instructor for
a class of fifteen or more.
Scotland: Located in Europe. Scots may become citi¬
zens of the United States through the process of
naturalization.
Seaman: Any alien who has served for three years on
board any vessel of the United States Government, or
for three years on board any merchant or fishing ves¬
sel, of more than twenty tons burden, while still in
such service, or within six months after separation
therefrom, may petition for naturalization without
proof of five years* residence in the most convenient
court, provided he appears with two witnesses, citi¬
zens of the United States, before a representative of
the Bureau of Naturalization, and passes a prelimi¬
nary examination, and before filing his petition, and
he exhibits to the representative of the Bureau of
Naturalization, a Certificate of Service, showing good
conduct, signed by a master of a vessel, or vessels
on which he has served, and when the representative
of the Bureau of Naturalization has attached his Cer¬
tificate of Examination to the petition, it shall be
taken as evidence to satisfy all of the requirements
of residence and of good moral character, when sup¬
ported by the affidavits of two witnesses identifying
the applicant as the person named in the Certificate.
These cases may be heard in any court at any time
that a representative of the Naturalization Bureau is
present.
Second Paper: This is a term used to designate the
Certificate of Naturalization.
Second Papers Lost or Destroyed: See Form No. 2225.
Second Request for a Certificate of Arrival: In cases

where a Certificate of Arrival has been applied for
and is not received within two months, it is well to
make a second application, using Form 2226. (See
Delays), again, marking it “Second Request.’’
Secretary of Labor: Head of the Department of Labory
one of the departments of the United States Govern¬
ment. The Secretary of Labor is a member of the
President’s Cabinet.
Secretary of State: Head of the State Department, one
of the Departments of the United States Govern¬
ment. The Secretary of State is a member of the
President’s Cabinet.
Selective Service Law: This is the law providing for
the draft in the war with Germany and Austria. It
is usually called the Draft Law.
Servia: Located in Europe. Serbs may become citi¬
uralization.
Service in Allied Armies: Any citizen of the United
States who served in the Armies or Navies of the
Allies of the United States, during the war with
Germany and Austria, and who lost his United States
citizenship because of taking an oath of allegiance to
the country whose service he entered, may regain his
United States citizenship by taking the oath of al¬
legiance to the United States prescribed by the Nat¬
uralization Law. This oath may be taken before any
court having jurisdiction in naturalization matters,
or before any Consul of the United States. Certified
copies are sent by the court and the Consul to the
Department of State and to the Naturalization Bu¬
reau. The necessary blank Forms can be secured
from any Chief Naturalization Examiner.
Service in Unifed States Army Before January 1, 1900:
An alien who served in the United States Army and
was honorably discharged before January 1, 1900,
may file a Petition for Naturalization, upon presenta¬
tion of his honorable discharge, without having made
a Declaration of Intention, and by proving one year’s
residence. He must be accompanied by two witnesses,
citizens of the United States, who make affidavit that
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. Seepaige5.
he is the person named in the discharge and can tes¬

tify to the one year’s residence of the petitioner.
Service to the United States;
Any native-born Fillipino twenty-one years old
who has made a Declaration of Intention and who
has enlisted in the United States Navy or Marine
Corps or the Naval Auxiliary Seiwice, and who, after
service of not less than three years, has been honor¬
ably discharged or who has received an ordinary dis¬
charge with a recommendation for re-enlistment;
Or any alien, or Porto Eican not a citizen of the
United States twenty-one years old who has made a
Declaration of Intention and who has enlisted in the
armies of the United States, either the Regular or
the Volunteer Forces, or the National Army, the
National Guard or Naval Militia of any State, Ter¬
ritory, or the District of Columbia, or the State
Militia of any State, Territory, or the District of
Columbia, or the State Militia in Federal service, or
in the United States Navy or Marine Corps, or in the
United States Coast Guard, or in the Philippine Con¬
stabulary, while still in the service or within six
months after an honorable discharge, or while on
furlough to the Army Reserve or Regular Army Re-
seiwe after honorable service may petition for
naturalization without proof of five years’ resi¬
dence, in the most convenient court, provided
he appears with two witnesses, citizens of
the United States, before a representative of the
Bureau of Naturalization and passes a preliminary
examination and before filing his petition he exhibits
to the representative of the Bureau of Naturaliza¬
tion his honorable discharge, if he has an honorable
discharge from the service, or a certificate of good
conduct signed by a duly authorized officer if he is
still in the service, and when the representative of
the Bureau of Naturalization has attached his Cer¬
tificate of Examination to the petition, it shall be
taken as evidence to satisfy all of the requirements of
residence and of good moral character, when sup¬
ported by the affidavits of the two witnesses, identi¬
fying the applicant as the person named in the Cer¬
tificate or honorable discharge. These cases may be
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See page B. .
heard in any court at any time that a representative

of the Naturalization Bureau is present. In cases
where the alien is still in the military or naval ser¬
vice of the United States, or served during the war
with Germany and Austria and was honorably dis¬
charged, a Certificate of ArHval need not be filed
with the petition for naturalization.
Service to United States in War with Germany and
Austria: Any alien who served in the military or
naval service of the United States during the time
the United States was engaged in war with Germany
and Austria, may file his Petition for Naturalization,
without having made a Declaration of Intention and
without proving five years’ residence in the United
States. He must pass a preliminary examination by
a Naturalization Examiner before filing his petition
for naturalization. He must have two witnesses who
are citizens of the United States. He may present
his petition to any court at any time with the Cer¬
tificate of Examination prepared by the Naturaliza¬
tion Examiner. He is not required to pay a fee.
Session of the Court; Sessions of Courts in Natural¬
ization matters vary in different localities. The times
of sessions in any locality can be learned by com¬
municating with the Clerk of the Court or with the
Chief Naturalization Examiner in the District.
Seven Years: Legal Life of a Decla/ration of Intention.
Seven Years Limit on Declaration of Intention: A
Declaration of Intention expires in seven years from
date of filing.
Sicily: An island in the Mediterranean Ocean, belong¬
ing to Italy. Sicilians may become citizens of the
Signing Name: An alien does not need to sign his name
in making his Declaration of Intention but he must
be able to sign his name when filing his Petition for
N aturalizalion.
Slavonia: Part of Hungary. See Austria-Hungary.
Soldiers’ Certificates of Naturalization: Soldiers were
given special consideration while serving in the Unit¬
ed States Army in the matter of naturalization. Some
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See pasre 6.
soldiers completed their naturalization but did not

receive their Certificate of Naturalization. Such
Certificates can be obtained by writing to the Chief
Naturalization Examiner of the District in which the
camp, where they were naturalized, is located, giving
the following information: Full Name, Army Serial
Number, Number of Company, Regiment, Camp at
which Naturalized, Number of Naturalization Cer¬
tificate, Date of Naturalization and infoi-mation as
to present address.
Soldiers in War with Germany: See Soldiers in Allied
Armies.
Soldier Who Started Naturalization in the Army But
Did Not Complete: A plan was developed during the
war with Germany and Austria for the naturaliza¬
tion of alien soldiers who were outside of the United
States. These soldiers made their petitions overseas
and named two witnesses in their home town, who
would appear for them. A Naturalization Examiner
was to represent the alien in court, and all condi¬
tions being in conformance with the law, the alien
would be admitted to citizenship. Many of these peti¬
tions were filed, but before they could be presented in
court the war ended, and it was decided that it would
be best to wait until the soldier petitioner returned
home, when he could represent himself. Men who
filed such petitions while abroad can get infoimiation
about them by writing the Chief Naturalization Ex¬
aminer in the District.
Soldiers Who Were Naturalized in the Army But Did
Not Receive Citizenship Papers: See Soldiers* Cer¬
tificates of Naturalization.
Spain: Located in Europe. Spaniards may become
naturalization.
Speaking English: An alien must be able to speak
English when he files his Petition for Nautralization,
except in case he has made a Homestead Entry under
the United States Land Laws. This is the only con¬
dition under which an alien is not requireqd to speak
English in order to secure a Certificate of Natural¬
ization. An alien does not need to speak English
when he makes his Declaration of Intention.
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See pa«:e 5.
Statb Militia: See Service to the United States.

States of the United States: Alabama, Arizona, Ark¬
ansas, California, Connecticut, Colorado, Delaware,
Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kan¬
sas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massa¬
chusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri,
Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsyl¬
vania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota,
Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Veimiont, Virginia, Wash¬
ington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
Step-children: See Children's Citizenship.
Subpoena: A Petitioner shall, when it is necessary, to
subpoena witnesses, deposit with the Clerk of the
Court an amount sufficient to cover the expenses of
subpoening and paying the legal fees of any witness
for whom he may request a subpoena and upon final
discharge of such witnesses, they shall receive, if
they demand same, from the Clerk of the Court, the
customary witness fees from the money the petitioner
deposited with the Clerk, and money that is left shall
be returned by the Clerk to the petitioner. The Clerk
of the Court shall, if petitioner requests, issue a
subpoena for the petitioner’s witnesses to appear upon
date for final hearing. This is used only in case wit¬
nesses are unwilling to appear.
Substitutte Witness: See Witnesses^ Substitute.
Surrender of a Declaration of Intention: See Exemp¬
tion from Military Service Claimed by Declarants
Who Surrendered Their Declaration of Intention.
Sweden: Located in Europe. Swedes may become
naturalization.
Switzerland: Located in Europe. Swiss may become
naturalization.
Taken Out Papers : This is a teirni used to indicate that
a man has completed the naturalization process, and
received his Certificate of Naturalization.
Term of Court: See Session of Court.
Territories of the United States: Alaska and Hawaiian

Islands are tepitories of the United States. Porto
Rico is a district of the United States.
Time for Naturalization: The minimum time necessary
for naturalization is five years and three months. An
alien must live in the United States five years before
he can petition for naturalization and of this five
years he must live in the state where he petitions
for naturalization for the last year. Ninety days
must elapse between the date of filing petition and the
hearing in court.
Time Set for Hearing: This means the time set by the
Court for the hearing in court of the petitioner, and
his witnesses.
Titles: See Hereditary Titles.
Transylvania: Part of Hungary. See Austria-Hun¬
gary.
Turkey: Located in Europe and Asia. Turks may be¬
United States Army: See Service to the United States.
United States Citizen: See Citizen.
United States Consul: See Consul of the United States.
United States Court: A Federal Court having jurisdic¬
tion over a United States Judicial District. These
courts usually handle naturalization matters.
United States of America: The forty-eight states, two
territories and Porto Rico, comprise the United
States of America. See States,
Uruguay: Located in South America. Uraguayans
may become Citizens of the United States through the
Venezuela: Located in South America. Venezuelans
Visa: Approval, Certification.
Volunteer Army: See Service to the United States.
Voting: State Laws govern the period of time which
must elapse after an alien is admitted to citizenship
before he can vote. Information relative to this can
be secured from the City Clerk or from the Secre-
tary of State._
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See pa-ge 6.
Wales: Located in Europe. Welsh may become citi¬

zens of the United States through the procesi of nat*
uralization.
War with Germany and Austria: War with Germany
commenced April 6, 1917, and with Austria Decem¬
ber 7, 1917, and the state of war will continue until a
Treaty of Peace is signed or a state of peace is
brought about in some other way.
Where Can Papers Be Filed: In the office of the Clerk
of the Court where naturalization matters are
handled.
Who May Not Become American Citizens: Japanese,
Chinese and the Malay races. Some courts bar other
races, and as far as possible specific information is
given under the name of the country or nation.
Widow of An Alien: See Woman*s Citizenship.
Widow of Declarant: If an alien has made a Declara^
tion of Intention, but dies before he files his petition
for naturalization, his widow may, when her hus¬
band’s Delaration of Intention is two years old and
when she has been in the United States five years,
file a petition for naturalization. She uses her hus¬
band’s Declaration and must, if she came to the
United States after June 29th, 1906, secure a Cer¬
tificate of Arrival, and must have two witnesses. Chil¬
dren of a Declarant who died before filing his peti¬
tion for naturalization, may petition for naturaliza¬
tion when they reach the age of twenty-one, if the
Declaration that their father made is then two years
old and less than seven years old and if they have
been in the United States for five years. They must
conform to all other requirements of the law. If a
widow completes naturalization before the children
are twenty-one, her children become citizens.
Wife As Witness: A wife cannot be a witness for her
husband because she is not a citizen until he is.
Wife’s Citizenships See Woman*s Citizenship.
Wife of a Citizen. See Woman*s Citizenship,
Within State, Change of Residence: See Depositions.
Witnesses: When an alien files a Petition for Natural¬
ization with the Clerk of the Court, he must be ac¬
companied by two witnesses, who are citizens of the
Words in italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. Stee 5.
United States, and these witnesses make affidavit

that they have personal knowledge that the alien has
been a resident of the United States for at least five
years continuously, and of the state, or territory in
which the petition is filed, for at least one year, both
immediately preceding the date of filing of the peti¬
tion, and that the petitioner is a person of good moral
character and in every way qualified in their opinion
to be admitted as a citizen of the United States. The
witnesses* affidavit is on the same form as the petition
and is signed and sworn to by the witnesses at the
same time that the petitioner signs the petition for
naturalization. If the witnesses are naturalized citi¬
zens, they must exhibit their Naturalization Certifi¬
cates. Witnesses are ^so required to be present at
the petitioner’s preliminary examination and at his
appearance in court. It is best not to have men who
were soldiers in the war with Germany and Austria
as witnesses because they are disqualified because of
long absence.
Witness, Absent: If a witness is not present in court
at the time set for a petitioner's hearing in court, the
petitioner’s case will be continued until the next term
of court, or until the witness appears in court with
the petitioner. If the witness has left the jurisdic¬
tion of the court permanently, a substitute witness
may, with the consent of the court, be used.
Witnesses Affidavit: Witnesses appearing with peti¬
tions must make the following affidavit:
In the matter of the petition of .to be
admitted a citizen of the United States of America.
(Name of witness), occupation., residing at
., and (Name of witness), occupation .,
residing at ., each being severally, duly, and
respectively sworn, deposes and says that he is a
citizen of the United States of America; that he has
personally known (Name of petitioner), the peti¬
tioner above mentioned, to be a resident of the United
States for a period of at least five years continuously
immediately preceding the date of filing his petition,
and of the State (Territory or the District of Col¬
umbia) in which the above-entitled application is
made for a period of . years immediately pre-
ceding the date of filing his petition; and that he has

personal knowledge that the said petitioner is a per¬
son of good moral character, attached to the princi¬
ples of the Constitution of the United States, and
that he is in every way qualified, in his opinion, to be
admitted as a citizen of the United States.
Witnesses Excused; In cases, where for any reason, a
petitioner is not admitted to citizenship at the time
of his appearance in court, but his good character
and his five years’ residence have been proven by the
witnesses, the court may excuse the witnesses from
further appearance, so that at the next hearing in
court, the petitioner only need appear. This happens
in cases where the petitioner is not properly prepared
in history and government, or where there is some
technicality in his papers that needs to be corrected.
Witnesses Incompetent; Witnesses, who under the law
and the ruling of the court, are not competent to
serve the petitioner, that is, who cannot prove their
own citizenship or cannot prove personal knowledge
of petitioner, will cause the dismissal of petition. New
witnesses cannot be substituted except as stated un¬
der Substitute Witnesses. In case of the dismissal
of the petition because of incompetent witnesses, a
new petition may be filed if the Declaration of Inten¬
tion is not more than seven years old. In case it is
seven years old, or has become seven years old since
the first petition was filed, a new Declaration of In¬
tention must be made and petitioner must wait two
years before filing his petition for naturalization.
Witnesses Professional; Men who make a practice of
appearing as witnesses in naturalization cases are
not acceptable to the courts and the petition is liable
to be dismissed in case a professional witness is used.
Witness for a Traveling Man; Witnesses for a travel¬
ing man are expected to see him when he returns
home after a trip, know where his residence is and
know his family, if he has any, and to correspond
with him during his absence.
Witnesses in Other States; When a petitioner has re¬
sided in a state in which his petition is filed for more
than one year but less than five years, it is necessary
Words in. italics have separate definitions. Ask questions. See page 6.
for him to prove residence and good character in the

places in which he previously resided. This can be
done by affidavits of citizens who knew him in the
places where he previously lived. These affidavits are
called Depositions. See Depositions.
Witness, Substitute: If a witness dies, or moves away
from the jurisdiction of the court permanently, a new
witness may, with the consent of the court, be sub¬
stituted. Such substitution is usually ihade on the
day of the hearing in courts with the consent of the
court.
Woman Divorced: See Woman^s Citizenship.
Woman’s Citizenship: Any unmarried alien woman
may become a citizen through the process of natural¬
ization. A married woman cannot make a declara¬
tion of mtention, or file a petition for naturalization
during the existence of the marital status.
Any American woman who marries an alien takes
the nationality of her husband. At the termination
of the marital relation she may resume her American
citizenship, if abroad, by registering as an American
citizen, within one year, with a consul of the United
States, or by returning to reside in the United States,
or, if residing in the United States at the termina¬
tion of the marital relation, by continuing to reside
therein.
Any foreign woman who marries an American ac¬
quires American citizenship and retains the same
after the termination of the marital relation if she
continues to reside in the United States, unless she
makes formal renunciation thereof before a court
having jurisdiction in naturalization matters, or if
she resides abroad she may retain her American citi¬
zenship by registering as such before a consul of the
United States within one year after the termination
of such marital relation. A woman cannot be a wit¬
ness for her husband because she is not a citizen.
Writing: An alien must be able to write his name
when he files his petition for naturalizatwn. He does
not need to be able to write in addition to this. When
he makes his Declaration of Intention, he does not
need to write his name but may make his mark.
0 027 119
>
COMMONWEALTH
GRAND RAP

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definincj Natural¬

Name of Clerk of Court.......

Dates of Sessions of Court...

Name of Clerk of Court.

Dates of Sessions of Court

Name of Clerk of Court.

Dates of Sessions of Court.

Absent Witness: See Wityiessy absent,

allegiance to any country with which the United

Alsace-Lorraine: Located in Europe, between France

Arabia: Located in Asia. Arabians may become citi¬

Australia: Citizens of Australia are British subjects.

Borneo may not become citizens of th® United

this country on and after June 29^ 1906^ to have this

his teacher shows proper proficiency in his work. No

through the process of naturalization to become citi¬

Citizen Papers: This is a teiTn often used by aliens in

Commissioner of Naturalization: This is the Chief

Three months^ absence from the United States is

Days when Naturalization Papers May Be Filed: Papers

scription is : Color., complexion., height

(a) In case an alien arrived after June 29, 1906,

ment are the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau

This is usually called citizenship by act of Congress.

tory of the United States, or because of evidence of

Doubt! As to Right of Naturalization: Where the right

within the jurisdiction of the court. A petition may

petitioner’s eligibility for citizenship and knowledge

state, or when he has lived in the land from which he

of $4.00 be charged when a petition for naturaliza¬

have not reached the age of twenty-one. These chil¬

the District, or from teachers in citizenship classes.

Haiti; An island in the West Indies. Haitians may be¬

Illiterate Alien: Aliens who cannot read or write their

to the nearest office of the Bureau of Immigration,

Jurisdiction: Legal authority, extent of power, district

country. Any person loses his citizenship through

Men Who Served in Allied Armies in War with Germany

sibility of furnishing this information rests on the

Oran T. Moore, Chief Naturalization Examiner, De¬

Naturalization Offices; See Naturalization District.

petitioner must notify his witnesses. Sending these

to United States. See Disabled Soldiers. See Sea^

Arrival as the second paper and to the petition for

Petitioner for Citizenship: A person who has filed a

Eighth. I am not a disbeliever in or opposed to

with any organization or body of persons teaching

Subscribed and sworn to before me this .

names, nativity and residence of the petitioner^ the

tion any time after arrival in the United States. This

hearing in court, with his two witnesses, and will be

Regular Army: See Service to United States.

Russia: Located in Europe. Russians may become

Second Request for a Certificate of Arrival: In cases

he is the person named in the discharge and can tes¬

heard in any court at any time that a representative

soldiers completed their naturalization but did not

Statb Militia: See Service to the United States.

Territories of the United States: Alaska and Hawaiian

Wales: Located in Europe. Welsh may become citi¬

United States, and these witnesses make affidavit

ceding the date of filing his petition; and that he has

for him to prove residence and good character in the

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