a.

Normal backward heat integration

 Asumsi : -Qcon tidak berubah ketika peru
-Qreb untuk sat. Liquid feed = Qr

cooling water return=

steam low-P 140oC=
steam mid-P 200oC=
Tmin=
cooling water cost=

a.

b. Qcmin= 4000 kW Qhmin= 4000 kW

cooling water costs= 18000 $/y Mpsteam cost= 540000 $/y

minimum cost= 558000 $/y

c. Assume : -disallow heat recovery between condensers and reboilers

-keep both feeds at sat. Liquid
Qcmin= 7000 kW Qhmin= 7000 kW
cooling water costs= 31500 $/y MPsteam cost= 540000 $/y
LPsteam cost= 270000 $/y
 minimum cost= 841500 $/y

d. Assume : -feed at sat. vap

Pc1= 1 bar
Pc2= 2 bar
Qcmin= 7000 kW
Qhmin= 3700 kW
Cooling water cost= 31500 $/y
LPsteam cost= 90000 $/y
Mpsteam cost= 364500 $/y
minimum cost= 486000 $/y

e. Assume : -keeping column pressure at 1bar

-no heat integration
-Tc < Th + delta Tmin
Pc1= 1 bar
Pc2= 2 bar
Qcmin= 6000 kW
Qhmin= 6000 kW
cooling water cost= 27000 $/y
LPsteam cost= 540000 $/y
minimum cost= 567000 $/y
backward heat integration b. backward heat integration with double-effect column 2

C1

C2a

C2b
-Qcon tidak berubah ketika perubahan feed dari sat. Liq ke sat. Vap
-Qreb untuk sat. Liquid feed = Qreb untuk sat. Vap feed + heat duty untuk vaporize feed

30 oC
90 $/kW.y
135 $/kW.y
10 oC
4.5 $/kW.y
b. double effect
C1 C2a C2b
P= 1 bar P= 2 bar P= 4 bar
Treb= 120 oC Tcon= 130 oC Tcon= 163 oC
Treb= 153 oC
Qcon= 3000 kW Qcon= 3000 kW Qcon= 3250 kW
Qreb= 3000 kW Qreb= 3000 kW Qreb= 3250 kW

Qhmin= 3250 kW
Qcmin= 3250 kW

* nilai Qhmin dan Qcmin lebih kecil ketika menggunakan double effect column 2, sehingga
lebih efisien dan energy saving dibanding hanya menggunakan 1 column
a. Normal
C1 C2
P= 1 bar P= 2 bar
Treb= 120 oC Tcon= 130 oC
Treb= 153 oC
Qcon= 3000 kW Qcon= 6000 kW
Qreb= 3000 kW Qreb= 6000 kW

Qhmin= 6000 kW
Qcmin= 6000 kW