Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placing With Integration of Renewable Energy
Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placing With Integration of Renewable Energy
47
Some assumptions are considered for the mathematical B : Available monthly budget at month m, $;
model as follows:
R : Monthly revenue, $;
− The planning horizon is assumed to be one year, i.e.
12 months;
48
Authorized licensed use limited to: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR. Downloaded on May 20,2021 at 06:19:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Fraction of covered demand of point i in month
f : f = y ×a ∀ k, m (9)
m;
49
Authorized licensed use limited to: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR. Downloaded on May 20,2021 at 06:19:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
established in EVCS candidate 1 and 2 in the first and third
month respectively. Moreover, the solar panels are installed
in the same locations but in the beginning of fifth and fourth
months.
References
1. Change, U.N.F.C.o.C. Paris agreement. Available from:
Figure 1. Five demand points (red) and the final https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-
established EVCSs (blue) agreement.
2. Saxena, S., A. Gopal, and A. Phadke, Electrical consumption of two-, three-
It can be observed from Figure 2 that there is a reduction and four-wheel light-duty electric vehicles in India. Applied Energy, 2014.
115: p. 582-590.
in the EVCS charging revenues in the last three month of the
3. ISNA, Electrification of transport system.
year; considering Figure 3, this is due to the decreasing
amount of the exchanged power between the EVCSs and the4. Agency, I.E. Global Electric Vehicles Outlook. Available from:
https://www.iea.org/.
grid, both the purchased and the sold energy over these5. Shaaban, M.F. and E. El-Saadany, Accommodating high penetrations of
months. PEVs and renewable DG considering uncertainties in distribution systems.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2014. 29(1): p. 259-270.
6. Domínguez-Navarro, J., et al., Design of an electric vehicle fast-charging
station with integration of renewable energy and storage systems.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2019. 105: p.
46-58.
7. Sadeghi-Barzani, P., A. Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, and H. Kazemi-Karegar,
Optimal fast charging station placing and sizing. Applied Energy, 2014.
125: p. 289-299.
50
Authorized licensed use limited to: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR. Downloaded on May 20,2021 at 06:19:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
8. Liu, Z.-f., et al. Optimal planning of charging station for electric vehicle
based on particle swarm optimization. in Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia), 2012 IEEE. 2012. IEEE.
9. Mozafar, M.R., M.H. Moradi, and M.H. Amini, A simultaneous approach
for optimal allocation of renewable energy sources and electric vehicle
charging stations in smart grids based on improved GA-PSO algorithm.
Sustainable cities and society, 2017. 32: p. 627-637.
10. Davda, A.T., et al., Dispersed generation enable loss reduction and voltage
profile improvement in distribution network—Case study, Gujarat, India.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2014. 29(3): p. 1242-1249.
11. Hung, D.Q., N. Mithulananthan, and R.C. Bansal, An optimal
investment planning framework for multiple distributed generation
units in industrial distribution systems. Applied Energy, 2014. 124: p.
62-72.
12. Moradi, M.H., et al., Optimal siting and sizing of renewable energy sources
and charging stations simultaneously based on Differential Evolution
algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,
2015. 73: p. 1015-1024.
13. Jannati, J. and D. Nazarpour, Optimal energy management of the smart
parking lot under demand response program in the presence of the
electrolyser and fuel cell as hydrogen storage system. Energy Conversion
and Management, 2017. 138: p. 659-669.
14. Xiang, Y., et al., Economic planning of electric vehicle charging stations
considering traffic constraints and load profile templates. Applied Energy,
2016. 178: p. 647-659.
15. Vermaak, H.J. and K. Kusakana, Design of a photovoltaic–wind charging
station for small electric Tuk–tuk in DR Congo. Renewable energy, 2014.
67: p. 40-45.
16. Fathabadi, H., Novel wind powered electric vehicle charging station with
vehicle-to-grid (V2G) connection capability. Energy conversion and
management, 2017. 136: p. 229-239.
17. Energy, N.S.M.a.S. NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy
Website. Available from: https://power.larc.nasa.gov/data-access-viewer/.
51
Authorized licensed use limited to: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR. Downloaded on May 20,2021 at 06:19:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.