CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Topics are 2. Apply the formula:

 x
MATRICES     A  1  K 
 y
1. Solving simultaneous equations using
matrices is the inverse of the matrix A.
2. Finding the matrix of a transformation
and describing a transformation.
Examples:
Examination Questions examples
1. Solving simultaneous equations using
VECTORS matrices method
2x  y = 11
1. Vectors
2. Determining the length of a vector x  y = 4
3. Determining the direction of a vector
2. Given the equations
4. Vector algebra and geometry 3x  2 y = 12
Examination Questions examples 4x  5y = 23

(a) Write the equations in matrix form

MATRICES (b) Determine the inverse of the matrix

(c) Hence, solve the equations.

Solving simultaneous equations using
matrices 3.
2
If A   5  3  ,
1 
 
Matrices can be used to solve linear simultaneous
equations. (a) determine  A 1 , the inverse of the
matrix A.
To solve linear simultaneous equations using
matrices, apply the following steps: (b) Using a matrix method to solve the
simultaneous equations.
1. Express the simultaneous equations in the
form:  2  1  1
x    y   =  
 x
5
    3 7
 A    K
 y

Where  A is the matrix of the numeric

coefficients and  K  is the matrix of the constants
of the simultaneous equations.

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Solution:  x 1  5  2  12 
      
 y 7   4 3   23 
1. 2x  y = 11 1  60  46 
x  y = 4   
7   48  69 

 x 1 14 
expressing in the form:  A    K   
 y 7  21
 2 1  x  11  14 21
      
 1 1  y  4 x = = 2 and y = = 3Ans.
7 7

 x 3.
Applying the formula     A  1  K 
 y
1 (a) Determining the inverse of the matrix
 x 2 1 11 

 y
  
1  
4
   1
  

3 2
1
1  5  2
  =  
1  1  1 11  4
 5
 15  8  4 3 
 
 1  
2  1  2 
 4 


1  11  4  1  5  2
   

2  1   11  8 
 7  4
 3 

Ans.
 

1  7   7 
 
  3
    3 
1     (b) Hence, solving the equations.

x = 7 and y = -3 Ans.  x 1  5  2   12 
      
 y 7  4 3   23 
1  60  46 
2. 3x  2 y = 12   
7   48  69 
4x  5y = 23
1 14 
  
7  21
(a) Writing the equations in matrix form 14 21
x = = 2 and y = = 3 Ans.
7 7
3 2  x  12 
       Ans.
4 5  y
   23 

(b) Determine the inverse of the matrix

3 2
1
1  5  2
    
4
 5
 15  8 
 4 3 


1  5  2
 
 4  Ans.
7  3 


(c) Hence, solve the equations.

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Finding the matrix of a Solution:

transformation, and describing a (a) Determining the values of a and b.
transformation
expressing in the form:
To find the matrix of a transformation, apply the a 0
   object    image
following steps: 0 b 
A B C
1. Express into the form: a 0   2 2  1
 
0 b    1 4

 1
 matrix   object    image  
A/ B/ C/

Where  object  is the matrix of the object and =   10  10  5


 5  20  5 

 image  is the matrix of the image.
Working out the left side:
2. Work out the left hand side and equate the A/ B/ C/

to the right hand side:  ( 2 a )  0 ( 2 a )  0 ( a )  0 

 
 0  ( b ) 0  ( 4b) 0  (b) 

A pair or two pairs of simultaneous equations Equating the left side and the right side:
must be obtained. A/ B/ C/
 ( 2 a )  0 ( 2 a )  0 ( a )  0 
 
3. Solve the simultaneous equations using any  0  ( b ) 0  ( 4b) 0  (b) 
of the conventional methods: A/ B/ C/

=   10  10  5

 5  20  5 
4. Substitute the solutions obtained in the 
matrix of the transformation  matrix  :
corresponding the elements:
 2a   10
Examples:
b  5

a 0 Solving:
1. The transformation M =  0 b  , maps
 
/ /
the points A, B and C onto A , B and C /  10 5
a   5 b   5
such that: 2 1

A(  2,  1)
→ A / (  10,  5) a
M =  0 b  =  0
  
0 5 0

5 
Ans.

B (  2,  4)
→ B / ( 10,  20)

C (  1,  1)
→ B / ( 5,  5)

(a) Determine the values of a and b.

(b) Describe FULLY the transformation.

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

(b) Describing FULLY the transformation. A/ B/

 ( 4 p )  2 q ( 2 p )  5 q  =
 
Therefore, the transformation M is an enlargement  ( 4 r )  2 s ( 2 r )  5 s 
of scale factor = 5 about the origin. Ans. A/ B/
 2  5
 
 4 2 
p q
2. The transformation T =  r  , maps
 s  corresponding the elements
/ /
the points A and B onto A and B such that:
( 4 p )  2 q = - 2
A( 4, 2)
→ A (  2, 4)
/
( 2 p )  5 q = - 5

B ( 2, 5)
→ B / (  5, 2) Two pairs of simultaneous equations
( 4 r )  2 s = 4
(a) Using the matrix method, determine (2 r )  5 s = 2
the values of p, q, r and s.

(b) Describe FULLY the transformation. Solving the simultaneous equations

(c) Calculate the coordinate of the point ( 4 p )  2 q = - 2

( 2 p )  5 q = - 5
C / , which is the image of
C ( 2, 2) under T.
By simple inspection, when p = 0, q = -1
Solution:
( 4 r )  2 s = 4
(2 r )  5 s = 2
(a) Determining the values of p, q, r and s.
By simple inspection, when s = 0, r = -1
expressing in the form:
p q  0  1
p

q
  object    image T =  r  = 
s 1 0 
 Ans.
s    
r

p q  4
A B A/ B/ (b) Describing FULLY the transformation.
   2 =  2  5
r s   2 
5 
 
2  Therefore, the transformation T is a reflection in the
  4
line y   x . Ans.

multiplying the left matrices

A/ B/ (c) Calculate the coordinate of the point C / , which is
 ( 4 p )  2 q ( 2 p )  5 q  the image of C ( 2, 2) under T.
 
 ( 4 r )  2 s ( 2 r )  5 s 
expressing in the form:

Equating the left side and the right side, a b

   object    image 
c d 

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

C C/ Working out the left side:

 0  1   2 
=  x 
/

1 
  
 0   2   y/  P/ Q/ R/ S/
     4a  4b 4a  2b 7 a  2b 6a  4b 
 
 4c  4 d 4c  2 d 7c  2d 6c  4d 
multiplying the left matrices
C/ Equating the left side and the right side:
 0  ( 2) 
 =  x 
/
 P/ Q/ R/ S/

 2  0   y/ 
 
 4a  4b

4a  2b 7 a  2b 6a  4b 

 4c  4 d 4c  2d 7c  2d 6c  4d 
C/
  2 P/ Q/ R/ S/
 =  x 
/
  C /   2, 2  Ans. =   4 4 7  6
 2   y/   4 
   2 2  4 

corresponding the elements:

3. Under the transformation H represented by 4a  4b =-4
a b 4 a  2b = -4
the matrix  c  , the points P ( 4, 4) ,
 d 
Q ( 4, 2) , R (7, 2) and S (6, 4) are Two pairs of simultaneous equations
mapped onto P ( 4,  4) , R (  4,  2) ,
/ /
4c  4d =-4
R / ( 7,  2) and S / ( 6,  4)
4c  2 d = -2
respectively:
Solving the simultaneous equations:
(a) Determine the values of a, b, c and
4a  4b =-4
d.
4 a  2b = -4
(a) Describe FULLY the transformation.
By simple inspection, when b = 0, a = 1
4c  4d =-4
Solution: 4c  2 d = -2
By simple inspection, when c = 0, d =  1
(a) Determining the values of a, b, c and d.

expressing in the form: a b 1 0 

H =  c  = 
 0  Ans.
 d   1

a b
   object    image 
c d 
P Q R S
(b) Describing FULLY the transformation.
a b 4 4 7 6
 
c d   4 2 2

4 
Therefore, the transformation H is a reflection in the
 origin (or an anticlockwise rotation of 180º about
P/ Q/ R/ S/
the origin) . Ans.
=   4  4 7  6

 4 2 2  4 


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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

VECTORS
Vectors review
A vector can be represented by a directed line
segment, whose direction is given by the arrow and
the length shows the magnitude of the vector.


A vector can be denoted by AB
or AB or or Example:
or a.

1. Express CD as a column vector.
A is called the initial point and B is called the

terminal point of AB
.

The magnitude of a vector is the length of the


corresponding segment. The magnitude of AB
is

denoted by AB
or a

In two-dimensions, a vector (for example) can be

represented in x and y components form: Solution:
called column vector. The translation of C to D is 4 rightwards and 3

called position vector. downwards.

  4 
CD =   3 
 

NOTE

A point (x, y) can be represented as a position vector or

Consider the line PQ in the diagram. The line a column vector in the form  component form
represents the translation of P to Q, which is 2 units
to the right and 3 units upwards.

The magnitude and the direction of a vector can be

quantified (calculated) given the vector in the
component form.

Vector magnitude

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

The length of a vector is called the magnitude or = 16 = 4 units ans.

modulus of the vector.
Vector direction
 x
Given that a   y  , then the magnitude of the
   x
vector is: Given that a    , then the direction of the
 y
vector is:

 y
 tan 1  
x
a  x2  y2

Note that the direction of a vector has no specific

symbol. This is an angle; therefore it must be expressed
in degrees.

Note that the magnitude or length of a vector is written This formula is obtained from SOHCAHTOA .
with . The magnitude must be expressed in units of
length.

This formula is obtained from Pythagoras theorem. Examples:

 is the position vector relative to the

1. OA
Example:
origin O. Given that the point A is A(3, 4)
1. Express each of the following vectors as a ,
column vector and find its magnitude.
 x
(a) Express in the form  y  the vector
 
.
OA


(b) Calculate the magnitude of OA


(c) Determine the direction of OA .

Solution: Solution:
  x
(a) Expressing OA in the form   the vector
   2  4  y

PQ =  3  and RS =  0   3
      
OA =  4  Ans.
 

PQ
= x2  y2 = ( 2) 2  (3) 2

= 13 = 3.61 units ans. (b) Calculating the magnitude of OA

 
RS
= x2  y2 = ( 4) 2  0 2 OA
= x2  y2

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= 32  4 2    2
1. Work out the following if PQ =  3  ,
 
= 25
  6   4
= 5 units Ans. PR =  4  and QR =  1  :
   

 
(c) Calculating the direction of OA (a) 3 PQ

1  y  1  4  1 
Direction  tan   = tan   (b) PR
x 3 2

= tan 1.33 = 53.1º Ans.

1

1 
(c) QR
2

Vector arithmetic Solution:

   2   6
Addition and subtraction of vectors (a) 3 PQ = 3  3  =   Ans.
   9 

The result is the addition or subtraction of the 1  1  6  3

(b) PR =   =   Ans.
components of the vectors. 2 2  4  2

Examples: 1  1  4  2 
(c) QR =   = 
 0.5 
 Ans.
   2 2 2 1  
1. Work out the following if PQ =  3  ,
 
 6   4
PR =  4  and QR =  1  :
   
 
(a) PQ + QR

 
(b) PR  QR

Solution:
    2  4  2
(a) PQ + QR =  3  +  1  =  
     4
Ans.

   6  4  2
(b) PR  QR =  4    1  =  
     3
Ans.

Scalar multiplication

Examples:

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Vector algebra and geometry Example:

  3     3
1. Given that AB =   2  and =  2  ,
CD
   

Equal vectors and Inverse vectors state one geometric relation between AB and

Equal vectors have the same magnitude and the Solution:

same direction.    3  3 
CD =  2  =    2 
   
Equal vectors may start at different positions. When   
 AB =  CD  AB is the inverse of
vectors are equal, the directed line segments are 
parallel. CD

Example:

2. PQRS is a parallelogram. Given that PQ =
 5   2 

 0
 and SP =  
    3

(a) Express each of the following

All the vectors shown above are equal, except for

vectors as a column vector.
AB .

(i) QR
     2
PQ = RS =  
TU = XY =  1 
 

   2  
2 (ii) SR
AB =   1  =   
  1
   
AB = PQ (b) If SR = t and SP = u, express
each of the following vectors in

inverse of PQ and … terms of u.

(i) QP

(ii) QR

Solution:

   2 
(a) (i) QR =  PS =    3 
 
  2
=  3  ans.
 

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

   5
(ii) SR = PQ =  0  ans.
 
   
AB  k  AP 
 
 
  
(b) (i) QP = RS = SR
=  t ans.

  
(ii) QR = PS =  SP =  u ans.
is k times as long as

The resultant vector

Examples:
   
The triangle law is used to add and subtract 1. AB  2  AP 
   the points A, B and P are
 
vectors. collinear

   
2. CE  3  CD 




 the points C, D and E are
collinear

   Parallel vectors
OQ  OP  PQ

A scalar is a real number; it has only magnitude.

   
   AB  k  OP 
OQ  OP  PQ  
 

The parallelogram law is also used to add and

subtract vectors. is k times as long as

  
OQ  OP  PQ

  
OQ  OR  RQ

Collinearity (Collinear points)

A scalar is a real number; it has only magnitude.

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Examples: = 13
   
1. AB  2  OP 




 the vectors AB and OP are = 3.61 units Ans.
parallel

    (c) Calculating the direction of AB
2. XY  3  VW





 the vectors XY and VW are
parallel 1  y  1 2
Direction  tan   = tan  
x 3

Example: = tan 1  0.667  = 33.7º Ans.

1. The points A and B are given as (0, 4) and

(3, 6) respectively. O is the origin.
Examination Questions Examples:
  x 1. The position vectors of the points P, Q and
(a) Express AB in the form  y 
  R, relative to the origin, are:

(b) Calculate the magnitude of AB   4  6  9
OP =  2  , OR = 10  , OQ =  5  .
     

(c) Determine the direction of AB .
 x
Express in the form  y 
 
Solution: (a) 
PQ

 x (b) 
(a) Expressing

OA in the form   the vector QR

 y

(c) PR
Representing each point by a position vector
 0   3
OA   
 4 and OB  
6
   

Using triangle law.

  
OB  OA  AB  Transposing.
  
AB  OB  OA  Substituting

  3  0  3
AB      4     Ans.
 6    2


(b) Calculating the magnitude of OA


AB
= x2  y2

= 32  2 2

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Solution: 2. In the figure below, O is the origin, and

ABCD is a parallelogram.
 x
1. Expressing

OA in the form   the vector
 y
  
(a) PQ = PO + OQ
   
=  OP + OQ = OQ  OP

9  4
=  5    2 
   

 5
=  3  ans.
 

  
Given that:
(b) QR = QO + OR
    
=  OQ + OR = OR  OQ OA =
a  2b
 4a  3b
6 9 OB =
= 10    5   2a  5b
    OD =

  3
=  5  ans. Determine:
 
  
(c) PR = PO + OR (a) 
AB
   
=  OP + OR = OR  OP

6  4
(b) OC
= 10    2 
    
(c) DB
 2
=  8  ans.
 
Solution:

  
(a) AB = AO + OB
   
=  OA + OB = OB  OA

= ( 4a  3b )  ( a  2b )
= 4a  a  3b  2b = 3a  b

ans.

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     
(b) OC = OD + DC (ii) KM = OM  OK
 
= OD + AB  1   2
= 
 1
   1 
= ( 2a  5b ) + ( 3a  b )    

= 2a  3a  5b  b  3
=   ans.
5a  6b  0
= ans.

  
(c) = OB  OD  1 
DB (b) OP = KM
2
= ( 4a  3b )  ( 2a  5b )
1  3
= 4a  2a  3b  5b = 
0
2  
= 2 a  7b ans.
1.5 
=   ans.
 0 
3. KLNM is a quadrilateral. The position
  2 1
vector of K is  1  , of L is   , and of M is 4. The coordinates of the points, E, D and F,
   4
are (1, 3), (2, 1) and (m, n) respectively.
 1

 1
:
    
(a) Express OE , OD and OF in the form
(a) Find:  x
 
  y
(i) LM
  
(b) Given that OF = 3 OE  OD , determine

(ii) KM the values of m and n.

(b) P is the midpoint of KM. Find the (c) If G is the midpoint of OD, use a vector
position vector of P: method to prove that:

Solution: (i) EF : GE = 2 : 1

   2  1  (ii) G, E and F are collinear

OK =  1  , OL =   and OM =
  4  
 1

 1
 Solution:
 

   E, D and F, are (1, 3), (2, 1) and (m, n)

(a) (i) LM = OM  OL
respectively.
 1 1
= 
 1
   4 
     1
(a) OE =  3 
 0   
=   ans.
  3   2 
OD =   1
 

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

  m
OF =  n  ans.
 

  
(b) OF = 3 OE  OD

m 1  2 
  = 3  3   
n     1
 3  2 
=  9    
    1

1
=   ans.
10 

  
(c) (i) EF = OF  OE

1 1 0

=    
 3
 =  
10    7
Given that a and b are unit vectors as shown
in the diagram above,


OG = 1 OD
2
(a) Write, in terms of a and b , the position
1  2   1  vectors for:
=   =  
2   1   0. 5  (i) 
OP

   
GE = OE  OG (ii) OQ

1  1   0 
= 
 3
    0.5  =   
     3.5  (iii) PQ

 0 
EF =   = 2 GE (b) Determine the length of:
7  

(i) OP

 EF : GE = 2 : 1 ans.

(ii) OQ

 0 
(ii) since EF =   = 2 GE 
7 (iii) PQ

the points G, E and F are collinear. ans.

(c) Determine the direction of:

5. 
(i) OP


(ii) OQ


(iii) PQ

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Examination Questions (to do)

Solution: Attempt ALL questions.

(a) (i) OP = 2a  b ans. All working must be clearly shown.


(ii) OQ = 3a  4b ans. MATRICES
  
(iii) PQ = OQ  OP
= ( 3a  4b )  ( 2a  b ) 1. A, B and C are matrices such that:
1 x 
= 3a  2a  4b  b A  2 1 , B    and
y  2 
= a  3b ans.
C  5 6


(b) (i) OP
= x2  y2 Given that AB = C, calculate the values of
x.
= 2 2  12 = 5

= 2.24 units Ans. 3 4

2. M is the matrix  p  . If M is a singular
 q 

(ii)

OQ
= x2  y2 matrix and p = 2, calculate the value of q.
= 32  4 2 = 25
6 2
3. The matrix C =  5  is a singular
= 5 units Ans.  p 
matrix. Calculate the value of p

(iii) PQ
= x2  y2

= 12  3 2 = 10
 5 4
4. If  m  1 2  is a singular matrix, calculate
= 3.16 units Ans.  
the value of m
 1
(c) (i) Direction OP
 tan 1  
2
1 2
= 26. 6° ans. 5. Given that R =  ,
1 3


 4
(ii) Direction OQ  tan 1   (a) Show that R is non-singular.
3
= 53. 1° ans. (b) Find R-1, the inverse of R.

 1  3  (c) Show that R R-1 = I

(iii) Direction PQ = tan  
1
= 71.6º Ans.

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

6. Find the values of x for which the matrix

 3x 4
P  
 6x  is a singular matrix.
 x


3 4
7. If M   2 1  calculate:
 

(a) the determinant of M

(b) M -1

(c) Hence, calculate the value of x and y which

satisfies the simultaneous equations:

1.5x + 2y − 5 = 0
4x + 2y − 10 = 0

8. Given that

3 x  5 y  19

2 x  4 y  14

(a) Express the pair of equations in the form

AX = B, where A, X and B are matrices.

(b) Determine the inverse of matrix A?

(c) Evaluate: A 1 B .

9. Using a matrix method, solve the pair of

simultaneous equations

2x  y  0
x  3y  7

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

10. 1. Under a transformation T, represented by

p q
the matrix  r  , the points A (- 4, 2)
(a) Find the inverse of the matrix  s 
 2 1 and B (- 2, 5) are mapped onto A / (- 2, 4)
M =   1 3 
  and B / (- 5, 2) respectively.

(a) Using matrices method, determine the

(b) Calculate the value of x and y for which values of p, q, r and s
 x 12 
M   =  
 y 1 (b) Calculate the coordinates of the point C /
which is the image of C (- 2, 2) under T
2 5
11. Given that M  5 15
  2. The matrix, K, maps the point S (1, 4) onto
S / (- 4, - 1) and the point T (3, 5) onto
(a) Show that M is a non-singular matrix.
T / (- 5, - 3).
(b) Write down the inverse of M.
a b
Given that K   c 
 d 
(c) Write down the 2x2 matrix which is equal to
the product of M  M 1 . (a) Write down TWO equations in a and b.

(d) Pre-multiply both sides of the following (b) Write down TWO equations in c and d.
matrix equation by M 1
(c) Calculate the values of a, b, c and d.
2 5  x   13
7      
 15  y   17  (d) Describe the geometric transformation
which is represented by the matrix, K.
Hence solve the equation for x and y.

3.
12.
(a) Write down the 2 × 2 matrix, R, which
(a) Write down the inverse of the matrix
represents a reflection in the y-axis.

1 4
(b) Write down the 2 × 2 matrix, N, which
 
2 1 
represents a clockwise rotation of 180
about the origin.
(b) Hence or otherwise determine the value for
a, b, c and d in the matrix equation
(c) Write down the 2 × 1 matrix, T, which
represents a translation of – 3 units parallel
1 4 a b 4 13 
     to the x-axis and 5 units parallel to the y-
2 1  c d   8 5 
axis.
TRANSFORMATIONS

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

(d) The point P(6, 11) undergoes the following image of P´Q´R´S´ after it has been reflected
combined transformations such that on the y- axis.

RN(P) maps P onto P / (d) Describe completely, the single

transformation that maps quadrilateral
NT(P) maps P onto P / /
PQRS onto quadrilateral P´´Q´´R´´S´´.
Determine the coordinates of P /
and
//
P
6. The coordinates of E, D and F are (1, 3),
(2, - 1) and (m, n) respectively. OE, OD and
1 2
4. The matrix 1 3  maps Q(1, 2) to OF position vectors relative to the origin, O.
 
Q / (5, 7)  x
(a) Express OE, OD and OF in the form  y 
 
Find the 2 x 2 matrix which maps Q /

back to Q . (b) Given OF = 3OE – OD, determine the value

of m and n
5. The diagram below shows quadrilateral
PQRS, and its image, quadrilateral P´Q´R´S
 3r 1 
´, after it has been rotated. 7. R is the matrix  s 
 2 s 

(a) State, in terms of s and r, the determinant of

R.
1
(b) If r  and s  4 , determine the inverse
3
of R.

(c) State the pair of values of r and s, not

including zero, which will make the matrix
R a singular matrix.

(a) State the coordinates of the points R´ and S´

(b) Describe the rotation completely.

(c) On the answer sheet provided, draw and

label quadrilateral P´´Q´´R´´S´´ which is the

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

 
VECTORS (ii) the vectors AB and DC

1. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, (b) Using the answers in (a) (ii),
ABCD is a parallelogram such that
  (i) state TWO geometrical relationships
DC = 3x and DA = 3y. The position P is
between the line segments AB and
on DB such that DP : PB = 1 : 2.
DC

(ii) explain why ABCD is a

parallelogram.

(c) Using a vector method, determine the

position vector of G, the midpoint of the line
AC.
(a) Express in terms of x and y:

 (d) Hence, state the coordinates of the point of

(i) AB
intersection of the diagonals AC and BD
 of parallelogram ABCD
(ii) BD

 3. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, M

(iii) DP is the midpoint of CE.
   
 OF  a , OC  b , and FE = 2 OF .
(b) Show that AP = x – 2y.

(c) Given that E is the midpoint of DC, prove

that A, P, and E are collinear.
 2  1
(d) Given that x   0  and y  1 , use a
   
vector method to prove that the triangle
AED is isosceles.

2.
(a) Express in terms of a and b in simplified
(a) The points A(1, 2), B(5, 2), C(6, 4) and form:
D(2, 4) are the vertices of a quadrilateral

ABCD. (i) CF
 x
Express in the form  y  
  (ii) CE
 
(i) the position vectors OA , OB ,

  (iii) CM
OC , and OD where O is the
origin (0, 0)

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors


(b) The point G is on CF produced so that CG
 5.
= k CF where k is a scalar.
 (a) In triangle ABC, not drawn to scale, P and
(i) Express MG in terms of a , b and k.
Q are the mid-points of AB and BC
respectively.
(ii) Determine the value of k for which
 
MG = CO

4. The vertices of a quadrilateral, OABC, are

(0, 0), (4, 2), (6, 10) and (2, 8) respectively.

Use a vector method to answer the questions

which follow
(i) Make a sketch of the diagram and
 x show the points P and Q.
(a) Write as a column vector, in the form  y  ,
   
the vector (b) Given that AB = 2x and BC = 3y, write,
in terms of x and y, an expression for
 
(i) OA
(i) AC

(ii) CB 
(i) PQ

 1 

(b) Calculate OA
, the magnitude of OA . (c) Hence show that 
PQ = AC
2

(c) (i) State two geometrical relationships 6. The position vectors of the points R, S and T
between the line segments OA
and relative to the origin are

CB .   
 3   1  5 
OR  
 4
 OS  
 6  OT  
  2

     
(ii) Explain why OABC is a
parallelogram. a
(a) Express in the form  b  the vectors
 
(d) If M is the midpoint of the diagonal OB, and 
(i) RT
N is the midpoint of the diagonal AC,
determine the position vector 

(ii) SR
(i) OM

(b) (i) The point F is such that RF = FT.


(ii) ON Use a vector method to determine
the position vector of F.
Hence, state one conclusion which can be
made about the diagonals of the (ii) Hence, state the coordinates of F
parallelogram OABC.
Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 289
CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

7. ABC is a triangle. The coordinates of the


points A, B and C are (2, 2), (6, 2) and (4, 6) (b) AD
respectively.

(c) BC
 x
(a) Write in the form  y  , the position vectors 
  (d) CD
of A, B and C.

 x
(b) Write in the form  y  , the vectors
 

(i) AB

(ii) AC

(iii) BC .

(c) Show by a vector method that triangle ABC

is an isosceles triangle.

(d) Determine the position vector of the point

D, such that BD is parallel to AC and ABDC
forms a parallelogram.

8. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, A

is the midpoint of OB.

 1 
EC = OE
2
 
ED = 2 AE

The vectors u and v are such that

 
OE = 2u and OA = v

Write in terms of u and v:


(a) AE

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 290

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

9. In the diagram below, the position vectors, 10. WXYZ is a parallelogram. The position
 
OP and OQ , are given as  2 6
vectors of W, X and Y are  1  , 13  and

= p    
OP
 4

 
  respectively.
OQ = q 7

 x
(a) Determine in the form   , the vectors
y  


(i) WX


(ii) XY


(iii) WZ


(iv) OZ

(a) Copy the diagram on graph paper and draw (b) M is the midpoint of WY and N is the
 
and label the vectors OW and OE such midpoint of XZ. Show by a vector method
that that

 

OW = 2p (i) OM = ON

 
 (ii) =
OE = 2p - q WX XY

(b) (i) Write down in terms of p and q, the

 
vectors PQ and PE .

(ii) Hence, state the relationship between

 
PQ and PE .

 
(c) The point D is such that OD = QE .

(i) Write down, in terms of p and q, the


vector OD .
(ii) Hence, state the coordinates of D.


(d) Calculate the magnitude of the vector OW .

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 291

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

11. The position vectors of the points P, Q and (b) Calculate AB and hence determine the
R to an origin O are unit vector between in the direction of AB.

7  4  3  (c) Using the answers in (a) (ii),

OP    , OQ    and OR   
9  6   2
a (i) state TWO geometrical relationships
(a) Express, in the form  b  , the vectors for
  between the line segment AB and
PQ and RQ DC .

(b) Show by calculation, that PQ makes an (ii) explain why ABCD is a

angle of 45º with the x-axis. parallelogram.

(d) Using a vector method, determine the

12. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale,
position vector of G, the midpoint of the line
TS = p, VS = 3r and W is a point on SV such
AC. Hence, state the coordinates of the point
that SW = 2WV.
of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD
of the parallelogram ABCD.

14. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale,

OP = 12p, OQ = 12q, OX = 4p and
OY = 4q.

(a) Determine the vectors TW and TV.

(b) A point X lies outside ΔSTV such that

VX = 2p + r. Show that T, W and X lie on a
straight line.
(a) State PQ in terms of q and p
13. The points A(1, 2), B(5, 2), C(6, 4), and
D(2, 4) are the vertices of a quadrilateral 1
(b) Given that XR = XQ , write PR and YR in
ABCD. 4
terms of p and q.
 x
(a) Express in the form  y 
 

(i) the position vectors OA, OB, OD,

where O is the origin (0, 0)

(ii) the vectors AB and DC.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 292

CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

15. The position vectors of the point V, E, and (d) Hence, state TWO geometrical relationships
D relative to the origin O are between GH and QS.
 3    2   1
OV    , OE    , OD   
  1  4   3  17.
respectively.

(a) Express the following vectors in the form

a
 
b

(b) Prove that the points V, E, and D lie on a

straight line and show their relative
positions on the lines.

(c) State the value of the ratio EV: DV. (a) Copy and complete the diagram above to
show:

16. The coordinates of the vertices ∆PQR are OD = d

P(1, 5), Q(4,  1) and R(6, 0).


OC =c

 x X as the midpoint of OD
(a) Write in the form  y  the position vectors:
 
(i)    1 
PQ Y on CD such that CY = CD
4


(ii) QS Z as the point of intersection of CX and OY

   
(b) Given that G and H are the midpoint of PQ (b) Express CD , CY , OY and CX in terms
and PS respectively, determine the position of c and d.
vectors:


(i) OG


(ii) OH

(b) Determine the vectors:


(i) GH


(ii) QS

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CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices II and Vectors

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section II Page | 294