ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CANCEROUS FACTORS

USING RULE BASED CLASSIFIER OF DATA MINING TECHNIQUES

1
PALLAVI MIRAJKAR, 2G. PRASANNA LAKSHMI
1
Research Scholar, Faculty of Computer Science, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur.
2
Guide, (WOS-A) Andhra University
E-mail: 1pallavi_jamdar@rediffmail.com, 2prasannalakshmigandi@gmail.com,

Abstract - Data mining techniques have been generally utilized as a part of medical decision support systems for forecast
and finding of different diseases with great accuracy. Prediction of cancer at an early stage is a crucial task. In study
conducted by researchers was proven that patient affected by cancer consumes food which contains cancer causing
substances. It includes processed meat, processed sugar, pastry, poor diet, poor intake of fish and vegetables, and so on can
also stimulate the appearance of this dangerous disease like cancer. The proposed study centered on the application of data
mining techniques using rule based algorithm for predicting cancer at an early stage. The aim of the thesis paper is to give an
alert to the user which will save the time and cost of the treatment.

Keywords - Cancer, Data Mining, Rule-based algorithm, Decision Tree

I. INTRODUCTION mining classifier make use of a set of IF-THEN rules

Latest trend of eating fast food is very challenging to
cope with cancer and perhaps cancer treatment too.
One of the vital reasons for the cancer is food and
drink. Salt and salt preserved food can also cause
cancer. As cancer is deadly disease, it is needed to
understand how diet influences the risk of developing
cancer. Now a day’s life has become so busy and due
to which people turn towards the ready meals. There
are carcinogens foods that cause cancer like
microwave popcorn, processed meat, non-organic
fruits, potato chips, refined sugar and so on. People
differ in their capability to eliminate cancer causing
agents from their body to which they have been
exposed or to repair damage DNA that was caused by
such agents. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the
food that causes cancer and find out the chance of
developing cancer due to the processed food.
Data mining is the process of collecting, searching
and analyzing a vast amount of data to discover
various patterns and relationships. It permits user for
analyzing data from many different dimensions and
categorize it and summarizing it in different
relationship.
Data mining framework include:
 Association – connection of one event to another
event.
 Sequence pattern – find out the patterns where
one event leads to another later event.
 Classification – Systematic arrangement in
groups or categories according to established
criteria.
 Clustering - finding and visually documenting
groups of facts not previously known. [1]
for classification. We can express a rule in the format:
IF <condition> THEN <<conclusion>>. Here, we
propose a new algorithm to classify and predict the
cancer at an early stage. Early prediction requires an
accurate and reliable diagnosis procedure that can be
used by doctors to distinguish the disease. A decision
tree is a structure that includes a root node, branches,
and leaf nodes. Each internal node denotes a test on
an attribute, each branch denotes the outcome of a
test, and each leaf node holds a class label.
II. RELATED WORK
Dr. P. Indra Muthu Meena, Dr. Vani Perumal (2016)
proposed that stomach cancer can be predicted by
using C4.5 algorithm and Naïve Bayes algorithm.
They have also analyzed the performance of this
algorithm to predict cancer accuracy. Dr. Vani
Perumal et. al. (2016) used training data and real time
data for the prediction of stomach cancer using Naïve
Bayes algorithm. They concluded that it is most
suitable technique to predict the stomach cancer. Dr.
T. Christopher, J. Jamera banu (2016) applied
network and Naïve Bayes algorithm on data set of
lung cancer in WEKA tool. They analyzed prediction
of the lung cancer prediction using classification
algorithm such as Naive Bayes, Bayesian network
and J48 algorithm. Author has provided the
performance analysis of the classification algorithms
and earlier notification to the user. Satyam Shukla et.
al.(2016) compared different types of studies based
on data mining techniques to predict cancer. They
found that data mining techniques can be used to
construct different prediction model which is useful
to diagnosis disease at an early stage.

Data mining techniques are used to develop a system Tanvi Sharma, Anand Sharma (2016) focused on the
to predict cancer at an early stage. Rule based data different data mining classification techniques by

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 Analysis and Identification of Cancerous Factors using Rule Based Classifier of Data Mining Techniques

using WEKA tool and Rapid miner on the public
health care dataset to analyze. Based on highest
accuracy, the best technique for particular data set is
chosen. They analyzed performance of data mining
classification technique for health care system.
Neelam Singh and Santosh Kumar Singh Bhadauria
(2016) have introduced cancer prediction system
using data mining. They proposed an approach for the
extraction of significant pattern from data warehouse
for efficient prediction of cancer. By using java they
implemented the proposed method which can
efficiently and successfully predict the risk level of
cancer. B. Muthazhagan et. al. (2016) explored the
recent research on early prediction of lung cancer
using data mining and image processing. They
observed various data mining techniques such as
classification, clustering, prediction etc. These
systems provide most accurate values of prediction of
cancer.
Kumar Anita (2015) has expressed cancer prediction
using four data mining techniques. They used four
classification algorithms such as Naïve Bayes,
Logical Model Tree, Random forecast, Classification
and Regression Tree. The result observed that
Random forecast classification method performs
better than the others. Peter Adebayo Idowu et. al.
(2015) used data mining techniques to predict breast
cancer. To understand the risk factors of breast cancer
they studied number of case studies. They compared
the data with two different methods like Naïve Bayes
and J48 decision tree. The result showed that J48
decision tree is best model to predict the risk of breast
cancer.
Tasnuba Jesmin et.al (2013) collected 150 people
data and preprocessed, and then clustered the relevant
and non relevant data for brain cancer using K-means
algorithm. They developed a tool for brain cancer
detection using data mining technique which saves
time reduce the cost.
K-means algorithm to separate data relevant to the
skin cancer. Finally they implemented a prediction
system of skin cancer using Lotus Notes.Shweta
Kharya (2012) focused on different types of current
research using data mining techniques to improve the
breast cancer prognosis and diagnosis. Ada et. al.
(2013) proposed a method of segmentation which
contains chest position, size and hidden portion of the
lung area. They used feature extraction, classification
etc. technique of data mining to detect lung cancer.
Ronak Sumbaly et. al. (2014) proposed data model
using decision tree of data mining technique to
predict breast cancer at an early stage. They also
discussed different data mining approaches for
prediction of breast cancer.
III. PROPOSED WORK
R. Agarwal [1] has introduced association rule
learning of data mining technique. Association rules
analysis is a technique to uncover how items are
associated to each other. The algorithm is
implemented using rule set as given:
IF A & B THEN C
Where A and B is the conjunction of conditions and
C is the Prediction class. There is no limit on the
number of conjunction of conditions in the rules, but
there is a constraint on the number of predicted
dimension. Association rules are constructed by
identifying data for frequent if/then patterns and
identification of the most important relationship by
using the criteria support and confidence.
Cancer risk factors and its domain:
(Table No.1: Risk Factors)

Er. Tapas Ranjan Baitharu et. al. (2015) analyzed

data classification accuracy by comparing different
classification techniques of data mining using lung
cancer data. They compared predictive performances
of popular classifiers quantitatively. Authors also
performed computer simulation on dataset of lung
cancer. Jaimini Majali et. al. (2015) used data mining
technique for detection of cancer. They also used
decision tree algorithm of data mining to predict the
cancer at an early stage. They applied frequent
pattern growth algorithm for cancer detection. They
observed that the proposed work will give high
accuracy of prediction of cancer. Kawsar Ahmed et.
al. (2013) compared different supervised learning
algorithm to predict best classifier. They have
collected data of 200 people and preprocessed. After
preprocessing the data they applied clustering using

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 Analysis and Identification of Cancerous Factors using Rule Based Classifier of Data Mining Techniques
Attribute and Score Values:
(Table No.2: Score Values)
Decision Tree: A decision tree can easily be
transformed to a set of rules by mapping from the
root node to the leaf nodes one by one.
Proposed algorithm steps are as given below:
Step 1: Take input information from users.
Step 2: Initialize weights with some appropriate
values.
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54
Step 3: Compute the Risk Prediction by using the
rule set (Table No. 2)
Step 4: Compute association rule using IF ‘A1
…An’ THEN R rule. Here ‘A1…An’ are
conjunctions of conditions that may be satisfied or
unsatisfied set of predicted dimensions R. The rule
based classification technique accelerates to four
statuses TP, TN, FP, and FN as defined below:
TP: - indicates patient has cancer and it is correctly
predicted.
FP: - indicates patient has cancer and it is incorrectly
predicted.
TN: -indicates patient does not have cancer and it is
correctly predicted.
FN: -indicates patient does not have cancer and it is
incorrectly predicted.
Step 5: Calculate the confidence to measure the
number of times the if/then statements have been
found true.
Confidence =
Step 6: Determine support to identify how many
times items appear in database.
Support =
Step 7: Compute the value of cover to measure the
number of tuples covered by conjunction condition
having predicted dimensions.
Cover=
Step 8: Calculate the accuracy of prediction
Accuracy=
Step 9: Highlight the result.
CONCLUSION
Cancer is one of the important causes of death in the
world; prediction of cancer at an early stage is the
super key for better treatment and survival of the
patient. Thesis paper evaluates the accuracy for
predicting of cancer based on the attributes provided
in the table no. (1). There are various data mining
techniques that can be accustomed for the cancer
prediction. In thesis paper, researchers analyzed
cancer data using rule based classification techniques
to predict the cancer and so cipher the accuracy of the
result. The objective of this paper is to give the earlier
warning to the users. This will ultimately save the
time and reduce the cost of treatment and conjointly
will increase the prospect of survivability. This
prediction algorithm will help to the patients as well
as to the medical practitioners to predict cancer at an
early stage. Further studies can be conducted on the
 Analysis and Identification of Cancerous Factors using Rule Based Classifier of Data Mining Techniques
prediction of cancer for particular organ of the body
using classification techniques.
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