GATE Lectures by KN Rao

Machines Problem Set - Synchronous

Machines

Instructor: K.N. Rao

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SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
1. Find the highest speed and the corresponding number of poles for two different coupled
alternators required to give frequencies of 15 & 42 Hz.

2. A 50Hz synchronous clock is correct at 7 A.M. From 7AM to 1 PM the average frequency
is 49.95Hz from 1 PM to 6 PM it is 49.90Hz. What must be the average frequency for the
remainder of 24 hours in order for the clock be correct again at 7 A.M.

3. A 3-, 10 pole , connected Alternator runs @ 600 rpm. It has 120 slots with 8
conductors per slot and conductors in each phase are connected in series. Find phase & line
emf’s if flux/ pole = 56 mwb. What harmonics due to slots might occur in phase and line
voltages.

4. Find RMS value of individual harmonics and of total induced emf per phase and line of a
50Hz, 3- , connected Alternator, 10 poles, slots per pole per phase = 2 and there are 4
conductors per slot. Coil span = 1500, Flux per pole = 0.12mwb with 20% of 3rd harmonics.
All coils are connected in series.

5. The armature of a 1- Alternator is completely wound with ‘T’ turn coils distributed
uniformly. The induced voltage in each turn is 2V(rms), the emf of whole winding is
(a) 2T (b) 1.11T (c) 1.414 T (d) 1.273 T

6. A 20 pole Alternator having 180 identical stator slots with 6 conductors in each slot all
coils of phase are in series. If the coils are connected to realize 1-  winding, the generated
voltage is V1. If the coils are reconnected to realize 3 -  , connected winding, the
generated phase Voltage is V2. Assuming full pitch single layer winding, the ratio V1/V2 is

7. It is desirable to eliminate 5th harmonic voltage from the phase voltage of an Alternator.
The coils should be short pitched by an electrical angle of
(a) 300 (b) 360 (c) 720 (d) 180

8. The Kd for a 36 slot stator with 3-phase, 8 pole having 1200 phase spread is ______

9. 4Pole , 50Hz Alternator has 48 slots in which a double layer winding is used. Each coil
has 10 turns and is short pitched by an angle of 360 ( elec). The fundamental flux per pole
is 25 mwb. The line to line induced emf for 3- star connection is approximatly

10. A 500 MW, 3-, connected alternator has a rated voltage of 21.5KV at 0.85 pf. The line
current when operating at full load rated conditions will be
(a) 13.43 kA (b) 15.79KA (c) 23.25 KA (d) 27.36KA

11. A 3-, 400V, 5KW star connected, synchronous motor having an internal reactance of 10
 is operating at 50% of load UPF. Now excitation is increased by 1%.What will be the
increased in load in % if the pf is to be kept same.
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(a) 67.9% (b) 56.9% (c) 51% (d) 50%

Linked data:-
A synchronous motor is connected to infinite bus at 1.0 p.u voltage and draws 0.6 p.u.
current at upf. Its Xs = 1.0 p.u and ra  0.
12. The Excitation voltage ‘E’ and load angle ‘’ are:-
(a) 0.8 p.u. & 36.86 lag (b) 0.8 p.u & 36.860 lead
(c) 1.17 p.u & 30.96 lead (d) 1.17 p.u & 30.960 lag
13. Keeping excitation voltage same, the load on the motor is increased such that motor
current increases by 20%. The operating pf will become
(a) 0.995 lag (b) 0.995 lead (c) 0.791 lag (d) 0.848 lead

14. A 400V, 50KVA, 0.8 pf lead,  - 50Hz synchronous machine has Xs of 2 & ra  0. The
friction & windage losses are 2 KW and core losses is 0.8 KW. The shaft is supplying 9
KW load at 0.8lead. The line current drawn is
(a) 12.29A (b) 16.24A (c) 21.29A (d) 36.88A

15. A 1000KVA , 6.6.KV, 3- connected alternator has Xs = 20 and ra  0. Consider
operation at full load at upf.
The induced emf (line to line) is :-

16. A connected 440V, 50Hz Alternator has per phase Xs of 10. It supplies balanced
capacitive load currents of 20A. It is desirable to have zero voltage regulation. The load pf
should be :-
(a) 0.82 (b) 0.47 (c) 0.39 (d) 0.92

17. Two parallel connected 3- , 50Hz, 11KV, connected synchronous machines are
operating as synchronous condensers. They together supply 50 MVAR to 11KV grid
current supplied by both the machines are equal. XSA = 1; XSB = 3. The ratio of
Excitation currents of Machine A to that of Machine B is ______.

18. The Resistance measured between the two terminals of star connected 3-, 50MVA, 11KV
Alternator is 1. On Short circuit a field current of 40A gives full laod current of 200A.
The line voltage on OC with same filed current excitation is 2010V. Calculate the
synchronous impedance and reactance.

19. A 100KVA, 415V (line) star connected synchronous machine gives rated Voc of 415V at a
field current of 15A. The ISC at a field current of 10A is equal to the rated armature current.
The per unit saturated synchronous reactance is

20. (a) A cylindrical – rotor synchronous motor, with Ef = 1.5 p.u, is connected to an infinite
bus. The machine has a Xs of 1.2 p.u. and output power delivered to the load is 0.5 p.u.
with all losses ignored find the magnitude of reactive power delivered or absorbed by the
synchronous motor.
(b) If load on the motor is increased to its rated load without any change in it’s field current
repeat part (a).
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(c) With the load as given in part (a), if the excitation voltage is reduced to 0.75 repeat part
(a).

21. A salient pole synchronous generator is synchronized with an infinite bus. For zero
excitation voltage, draw its phasor diagram and hence obtain an expression for its power
factor under maximum power conductions, Neglect armature Resistance

22. A salient pole synchronous motor, connected with an infinite bus, is working at no load, Its
field current is gradually reduced to zero and is then reversed.

23. A 3- phase salient – pole synchronous generator has the following constants in per unit
system
Xd = 1.20, Xq = 0.8, Xd1 = 0.4
This generator supplies rated KVA to an infinite bus at rated terminal voltage and at upf.
(a) Find the load angle and then calculate the transient power
(b) Repeat part (a) by consuming constant voltage behind transient reactance

24. A 10 MVA, 11KV, 3-phase, 8 pole, star connected alternator is synchronized with an
infinite law. When operating at rated load and at unity power factor, its normal period of
oscillations is 1.4sec. Its synchronous reactance is 20%. Compute the moment of inertia of
its rotating parts.

25. A 3-phase star connected cylindrical rotor Alternator with Xs of 5 per phase, is supplying
240A at upf to a 11KV infinite bus.
(a) If Excitation emf of the alternator is increased by 25% without changing its driving
torque, calculate the new values of current, power factor and load angle. Will there be any
change in the power supplied to the infinite laws? (Explain)
(b) With the increased excitation of part (a) held fixed, at what power output would the
alternator break from synchronism?
Find the corresponding values of current and power factor.

26. A 3-phase star connected turbo generator feeds power to 11kV infinite bus, through two
parallel transmission lines each having a reactance of 4. The generator synchronous
reactance is 3.
(a) The mechanical input to alternator and its excitation are adjusted so that the operating
power factor at alternator terminals is unity and rated current of 500A is delivered.
Calculate the alternator terminal and excitation voltages. Also determine the active and
reactive powers delivered to the infinite bus.
(b) With the excitation fixed as found in part (a), the mechanical input to alternator is adjusted
so that no power transfer takes place between alternator and the infinite bus. Calculate the
lagging reactive power delivered to the bus and alternator terminal voltage under these
conclusion.

27. Two similar alternators operating in parallel have the following data:
Alternator 1 – capacity 700KW, frequency drops form 50Hz at no load to 48.5Hz at full
load.
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Alternator -2 – capacity 700KW, frequency drops from 50.5Hz at no load to 48Hz at full
load.
Speed Regulation of prime movers – linear in each case
(a) Calculate how a total load of 1200 KW, is shared by each alternator. Also find the
operating bus bar frequency at this load
(b) Compute the maximum load that these two units can deliver without overloading either
of them
28. Two similar, 3 phase 6.6KW star connected alternators running in parallel, supply a load of
4000KW at pf 0.8 lag. The synchronous impedance per phase for the first machine is (0.6 +
j10) and for the second machine is (0.5 + j12.0). The total load to shared equally
between the two machines. Without changing their driving torques, the excitation of first
alternator is adjusted so that it delivers 200A at a lagging pf. Determine the current
delivered by the second alternator. Also calculate the power factor, load angle and
excitation voltage for each alternator.

29. Two identical synchronous machines of rating 100MW, 50Hz operation in parallel have
following charecteristics:
Machine 1: Speed Droop R = 4%
Speed changer set to give 50% rated load at rated speed

Machine 2: Speed Droop R = 4%

Speed changer set to give 75% rated load at rated speed.
(a) Determine the load taken by each machine for a total load of 150MW and the frequency
of operation
(b) What adjustments supply be made by the speed changers of the machines to share the
loads as in (a) but with a frequency of 50Hz?

30. A 50 KW synchronous motor is tested by driving it by another motor. When the excitation
is not switched on, the driving motor takes 800W, when the armature is short circuited and
the rated armature current of 10A is passed through it, the driving motor required 2500W.
On open circuiting the armature with rated excitation, the driving motor taken 1800W.
Calculate the efficiency of the synchronous motor at 50% load.
Neglect the losses in the driving motor.

31. Two identical synchronous generators, each of 100MVA, are working in parallel supplying
100MVA at 0.8 lagging pf at rated voltage. Initially the machines are sharing load equally.
If the field current of first generator is reduced by 5% and of the second generator
increased by 5%. Find the sharing of load (MW and MVAR) between the generators
Assume Xd = Xq = 0.8 p.u, no field saturation and rated voltage across load. Reasonable
approximations may be made.

32. Two 3- phases, Y connected alternators are to be paralleled to a set of common bus bars.
The armature has a per phase synchronous reactance of 1.7 and negligible armature
resistance. The line voltage of the first machine is adjusted to 3300V and that of second
machine is adjusted to 3200V. The machine voltages are in phase at the instant they are
paralleled, under this condition, the synchronizing current per – phase will be
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(a) 16.98 A (b) 29.41A (c) 33.96A (d) 58.82A

33. A 750 KW, 11KV, 3-phase, star connected synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance
of 35 phase and negligible resistance. Determine the excitation emf per phase when the
motor is operating on full load at 0.8 pf leading. Its efficiency under this condition is 93%.

34. The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance of a salient pole alternator are 1.2p.u and
1.0p.u respectively Ra is negligible. If this alternator is delivering rated KVA at upf and at
rated voltage then its power angle is
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 900

35. A three – phase 50Hz salient pole synchronous motor has a per – phase direct axis
reactance Xd of 0.8 p.u and a per phase quadrature axis reactance Xq of 0.6 p.u. Resistance
is negligible. It is drawing full load current at 0.8 pf leading when terminal voltage is 1 p.u
per phase induced voltage in p.u is ______

36. A star connected 400V, 50Hz, 4 pole synchronous machine gave the following open circuit
and short circuit test results
O.C test ; Voc = 400V (rms, line to line) at If = 2.3A
S.C test: ISC = 10A (rms, phase) at If = 1.5A
The value of per phase synchronous impedance (in ) at rated voltage is ______

37. Two generating units rated 300MW and 400MW have governor speed regulation of 6%
and 4% respectively from no load to full load. Both the generators are operating in parallel
to share a load of 600 MW. Assuming free governor action, the load shared by the larger
unit is _____MW.

38. A 1000 KVA, 3-phase, 11KV, star connected synchronous motor has a negligible
resistance and a synchronous reactance of 35 per phase.
(a) What is the excitation emf of the motor if the power angle is 100 and the motor takes rated
current at (i) lagging power factor, and (ii) leading power factor
(b) What is the mechanical power developed and the power factor in part (a).
(c) At what power angle will this motor operate if it develops an output of 500KW at the rated
line voltage and with an excitation emf of 10KV (line)?
(d) What is the minimum excitation at which the motor can deliver 500KW at the rated line
voltage w/o losing synchronism.

39. A 20 MVA, 11KV, 3- phase, delta connected synchronous motor has a synchronous
impedance of 15  /phase. Windage, friction and iron losses amount to 1200 KW.
(a) Find the value of the unity power factor current drawn by the motor at a shaft load of 15
MW what is the excitation emf under this condition?
(b) If the excitation emf is adjusted to 15.5KV (line) and the shaft load is adjusted so that at
the motor drawn upf current, find the motor output (net)
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40. A 3.5 MVA, slow speed, 3- phase, synchronous generator rated at 6.6 KV has 32 poles. Its
direct and quadrature- axis synchronous reactance as measured by the slip test are 9.6  and
6. Neglecting armature resistance, determine the regulation and the excitation emf needed
to maintain 6.6 KV at the terminals when supplying a load of 2.5 MW at 0.8 pf lagging
what maximum power can the generator supply at the rated terminal voltage, if the field
becomes open circuited

41. Calculate the synchronizing coefficient (in KW and Nm/mech at full load for a 1000KVA,
0.8pf (lag), 6.6 KV, 8- pole, star connected cylindrical rotor generator of negligible
resistance and synchronous reactance of 0.8 pu

42. A salient pole synchronous motor has Xd=0.85 p.u. It is connected to busbars of 1.0 p.u
voltage while its excitation is adjusted to 1.2 p.u. calculate the maximum power output the
motor can supply without loss of synchronism. Compute the minimum p.u excitation that is
necessary for the machine to stay in synchronism while supplying the full load torque.

43. A 25 KVA, 400 V,  connected, 3- phase, cylindrical rotor synchronous generator requires a
filed current of 5A to maintain the rated armature current under short circuit condition. For
the same field current, the OC voltage is 360 V. Neglecting Ra and magnetic saturation, its
voltage regulation (in % sort terminal voltage). When the generater delivers the rated load at
0.8 pf leading at rate terminal voltage is____________

44. A 25 KVA , 230 V, 3-  4pole, 50 HZ, Y connected synchronous ground has XS of 1.5 /
phase and negligible stator resistance the generator is connected to an infinite bus of 230V &
50 Hz:-
(i) Determine the Excitation voltage when the machine is delivering rated KVA at 0.8 pf
lagging.
(ii) The field excitation is increased by 25% without changing the prime mover input. Find
Ia , pf and reactive power supplied by the machine.
(iii) With the field current as in part (i), the input power from prime mover is increased very
slowly. What is the steady state limit?
Determine stator current, pf and reactive power?

45. A 3-  12 pole, alternator is couple to an engine running at 500 rpm. The alternator supplies
to an inductor motor which has full load speed of 1455 RPM, find slip and no of poles of
motor .

46. A power system to which a generator to be connected at a certain bus may be represented by
the Thevenin’s voltage, Eth= 0.9 00 p.u in series with Zth= 0.25 900 p.u when connected
to the system, Eg of the generator is 1.4 300 p.u synchronous reactance of the generator on
this system base is 1.0 p.u
(i) Find the bus voltage. VT, Real power & reactive power Q at the bus.
(ii) If the below voltage is to be raised to VT  1.0 p.u , when same P transferred to sys. find
the value of Eg required and value of Q transferred to the system at the same bus.
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47. A 3-  star conected alternator is rated at 1600 KVA 13.5KV The effective Ra & Xs are 1.5
 & 30  per phase respectively find the voltage regulation for load of 1280KW at rated
voltage and 0.8 lag pf

48. A 550 V, 55KVA, 1-  Alternator has effective resistance of 0.2 . A field current of 10A
produces an Ia of 200A on short circuit and an emf of 450V on open circuit. Calculate the
synchronous reactance and the full load voltage regulation at pf 0.8 lagging.

49. A 208 V, 45 KVA 0.8 pf leading,  connected synchronous machine has a synchronous
reactance of 2.5  negligible Ra. Friction and windage losses are 1.5 KW & and losses are
1 KW. Initially shaft is supplying a 15 hp load and motor’s pf is 0.8 leading (i) Draw the
phasor diagram of motor and find line current and line to line voltage.
(ii) If the shaft load is increased to 30 hp, then find new values of line current & internal line
to line voltage and draw phasor diagram:

50. A 500V, 3-, star connected synchronous motor has a resistance and synchronous reactance
of 0.4  & 3.6  per phase respectively, VOC= 600V. If friction and core loss are 1 KW.
Calculate line current & output power factor when motor output is 62 KW.

51. A 75 MVA 13.8 KV, 3-, 8 pole , 60 HZ salient pole synchronous machine has the
following d - axes & q - axis reactances Xd= 1 p.u & Xq= 0.6 p.u. the synchronous generator
is delivering rated MVA at rated voltage and 0.866 pf lag.
(i) draw pharos diagram of the m/c .
(ii) complete the excitation voltage Ef .( choose base MVA = 75 MVA & KV= 13.8 KV)
(iii) If the machine is connected to a 3- phase system having 1.0 p.u voltage find the
maximum power that the generator can deliver.