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A Broadband and Wide Beamwidth Dual-
Polarized Orthogonal Dipole Antenna for
4G/5G Communication
Yunxia Feng, Fu-Shun Zhang, Guo-Jun Xie, Yunjie Guan and Jifeng Tian
Abstract—A broadband and wide beamwidth dual-
polarized orthogonal dipole antenna for 4G/5G
communication is presented in this letter. A pair of
orthogonal deformed fan-shaped dipoles are used to obtain
dual-polarization. The parasitic elements and metal cavity
structure are used to increase the impedance bandwidth
effectively. And, the half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of
the antenna is effectively widened by using the metal cavity.
Furthermore, a 1 × 4 antenna array is designed. And the
measured HPBWs of E-plane and H-plane radiation
patterns is greater than 90° in the operating frequency band
of 1.7-3.22 GHz (VSWR < 2.0), and the gain is greater than
0 dBi in the range of ± 60° pitch angle. And the isolation of
the two input ports is higher than 29 dB in the band of 1.7-
3.22 GHz (61.8%).
Index Terms—Orthogonal dipole antenna, dual-
polarized, broadband, wide beamwidth.
I. INTRODUCTION
4 G/5G mobile technology has higher data rate than previous
generations of mobile technology. In order to provide a
driving system with high quality of service, such as reliable
end-to-end delay less than 100 milliseconds and wide coverage
area, it is required that the antenna installed on the vehicle has
the characteristics of broadband and wide beamwidth [1][2].
In recent years, many methods of broadening beamwidth
have been proposed in some literatures. In [3], the beamwidth
of 83° to 215° was achieved in 3.3-7.8 GHz by changing the
current distribution with Γ-shaped metal wall and six metal
columns. In [4], a tunable beamwidth of 81° to 153° in the H-
plane is achieved by using a tunable strip grating reflector. In
[5], the beamwidth of H-plane is widened by folding the ground
plane into a trapezoid in H-plane. In [3]-[5], the polarization
mode of antenna is single polarization, and there are a few
amount of literature about expanding the beamwidth of dual-
polarized antenna. A wide beamwidth dual-polarized antenna
with the capacitive blind hole fence is presented in [6]. The
HPBWs of H-plane and E-plane are 105° and 107° in 2.48-2.56
GHz (3.2%), respectively. In [7], the beamwidth of E-plane is
broadened by increasing the distance of microstrip patches
placed on diagonal lines. The HPBWs of 93° in H-plane and
115° in E-plane is achieved in 9.2% relative impedance
bandwidth. Although the HPBWs of the antennas in [6]-[7]
have been broadened, the impedance bandwidth is narrow. The
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1
bandwidth of the dual-polarized antenna in [8] is extended to
48% by using four fan-shaped parasitic patches, and the
HPBWs is about 70°. The beamwidth of the dual-polarized
antenna in [9] is widened by using the trapezoidal reflection
ground and the dipoles array arranged in triangle. In 3.5-4.9
GHz, the HPBWs of 83° - 162° in H-plane and 68° - 168° in E-
plane is realized. In [10], the relative impedance bandwidth of
low and high frequency band is 18.6% and 11.1%, respectively.
The HPBWs of E-plane and H-plane of the two frequency
bands is extended to more than 93° by adding the fence around
ground plane. In [11], the HPBWs of the antenna is widened to
108° by placing a circle of metal columns near the ring dipole
within 51% bandwidth. When the beamwidth of a dual-
polarized antenna is widened, it is difficult to ensure the
broadband characteristic.
In order to ensure the reliability of communication between
vehicle and base station, especially in the case of long distance,
wide coverage and high-speed data transmission, the antenna
communicating with base station should have broadband and
wide beam characteristics. A broadband wide beamwidth dual-
polarized orthogonal dipole antenna for 4G/5G communication
is proposed in this letter. The main radiation structure of the
antenna is a pair of orthogonally deformed fan-shaped dipoles,
and four deformed fan-shaped parasitic elements at the bottom
of the substrate are utilized to increase the impedance
bandwidth. The beamwidth of the antenna is improved by the
metal cavity with slotted side wall, which further improves the
impedance bandwidth of the antenna. And the front-to-back
ratio (FBR) is improved by a special metal reflector designed in
this letter.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
A. Antenna Design
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the designed antenna. In Fig.
1(a), the broadband and wide beamwidth dual-polarized
orthogonal dipole antenna consists of a printed circuit board
(PCB), a metal cavity with grooves on the side wall, a special
metal reflector composed of a metal wafer and a metal ring (the
two parts are connected by rectangular metal strips), two metal
columns and two coaxial cables. The thickness of the substrate
(εr = 3.5) is 1 mm. In Fig. 1(a), a pair of orthogonally deformed
fan-shaped dipoles are etched on the top surface of the dielectric
substrate. The four parasitic elements at the bottom of the
dielectric substrate are distributed along the diagonal (φ = ±
45°). Orthogonal dipoles are excited by two coaxial cables. Fig.
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Dipole 1 Jsurf [A/m] Jsurf [A/m]

2.00E+01 2.00E+01
Dipole 2 L1 1.75E+01 Dipole 2 1.75E+01
1.51E+01 1.51E+01
Substrate B1 1.26E+01 1.26E+01
Parasitic element U1 Via hole 1.01E+01 1.01E+01
Metal column Coaxial cable 7.66E+00 7.66E+00
5.19E+00 Dipole 1
A2 Z 5.19E+00
Metal cavity Y
Plastic screws T 2.72E+00 X 2.72E+00
2.50E-01 2.50E-01
Z (a) (b)
Metal reflector Y
Fig. 3. Current vector distribution on the antenna at 3 GHz when only port 1 is
X fed. (a)ANT 1. (b) ANT 2.
(a)
B2 A1 a metal ground. When the two ports are fed separately, the
U2 Port 1 polarization direction of the antenna is in the direction of φ = 0°
Port 2 W1 Z and φ = 90° respectively.
X Y The ANT 2 is obtained by adding four deformed fan-shaped
(b) planar parasitic elements on the back of the dielectric substrate
L2
of ANT 1. Fig. 3 shows the current vector distribution of the
T1
H2
H1 Z D3 radiation elements on ANT 1 and ANT 2 when only port 1 is
D2
LC fed. As shown in Fig. 3 (a), when port 1 of ANT 1 is fed, the
T2
F
H3 Y X W2 Z currents on the two arms of dipole 1 have unequal amplitudes.
D
D1 X
Y The induced current is excited on dipole 2 which can be
(c) (d) regarded as the parasitic element of dipole 1. Two resonant
Fig. 1. Configuration of the proposed broadband and wide beamwidth dual- modes of ANT 1 are excited, but the impedance matching is
polarized orthogonal dipole antenna. (a) Component elements. (b) Detailed poor, as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 3 (b) shows the current vector
view of the connection between dipole antenna elements and coaxial feeds. (c)
Side view. (d) Top view of the metal reflector. Detail physical parameters are distribution on ANT 2. After adding parasitic elements on the
(units: mm): L1=60, L2=66, LC=20, H1=14, H2=26, H3=13, A1=14, A2=21, back of dielectric substrate, the coupling between dipole 1 and
U1=3, U2=4, W1=1, W2=4, F=5.5, D=5, D1=106, D2=46, D3=80, B1=12, dipole 2 is enhanced, and the current on the two arms of Dipole
B2=16, T=0.5, T1=1, T2=0.5.
1 is equal in amplitude, which improves the impedance
matching of the antenna at high frequency. However, the
Port 1
Port 2 VSWR of ANT 2 is still higher than 2.0 in low frequency band.
Z Therefore, ANT 3 is obtained by adding four metal walls with
ANT2
X Y ANT1 grooves around the metal ground of ANT 2 (without increasing
the transverse dimension of the antenna). The metal ground and
the surrounding metal walls with grooves form a metal cavity.
ANT5 ANT4
The induced current is excited on the surface of the metal cavity
ANT3
Fig. 2. Evolution of the proposed antenna. by orthogonal dipoles and parasitic elements. Fig. 5 shows the
induced current distribution on the surface of the metal cavity.
1(b) shows a detailed view of the connection between the dipole When only port 1 is fed, the induced current near the two
antenna and the coaxial cables. The feeds port 1 and port 2 of grooves on the two side walls parallel to the Y-axis has a large
the antenna are shown in the Fig. 1(b). The inner conductor of amplitude and the direction is along the Y-axis. Due to the
one coaxial cable is connected to one arm of dipole 1 through existence of the groove, the path of the current on the side wall
dielectric substrate, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is extended, and the resonant mode of the antenna at low
is connected to the other arm of dipole 1 by microstrip line. frequency further moves to low frequency. The impedance
Dipole 2 is fed in the same way as dipole 1. The two arms of matching of ANT 2 at low frequency is effectively improved
the two dipoles connected with the outer conductors of the by the metal cavity. The dielectric substrates used for the three
coaxial cables are respectively connected with the metal antennas (ANT 1, ANT 2 and ANT 3) are identical, and the
reflector by using two metal columns. Then, the isolation of the three antennas have the same overall size. When the metal wall
proposed antenna is improved. The diameters of the two metal with grooves is added around the plane metal ground, its
columns are the same as the outer diameter of the coaxial cable. radiation characteristic is equivalent to that of the dipole.
The outer conductors of two 50 Ω coaxial cables are soldered Therefore, the impedance matching is improved in the low
to the bottom surface of the metal cavity. The metal cavity with frequency band and the beamwidth is broadened in the whole
grooves is fixed with the metal reflector by using plastic screws. operating frequency band by using the metal cavity with
Detailed parameters are shown in Fig. 1. grooves.
In this design, the metal cavity is designed as a part of the
B. Antenna Analysis radiation structure of the antenna, resulting in high backward
Fig. 2 depicts the evolution of the proposed antenna. The radiation of the antenna and poor FBR. A metal plate with a
original antenna (ANT 1) is formed of the deformed fan-shaped diameter of 106 mm under the metal cavity is added to obtain
orthogonal dipole, two metal columns, two coaxial cables and ANT 4 to decrease the backward radiation of the antenna in the

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Port 1 Port 3 Port 5 83mm

Port 7 Z
Port 2 Port 4 Y
Port 6 Port 8 X

355mm
Fig. 7. Simulation model of the 1 × 4 dual-polarized antenna array.

Fig. 4. Simulated VSWRs of ANT 1-5.

Jsurf [A/m]
5.00E+00
4.39E+00
3.78E+00
3.16E+00
2.55E+00
1.94E+00
1.33E+00
Z
7.13E-01 (a) (b)
1.00E-01 X Y
Fig. 8. S parameters of the antenna array.
Fig. 5. Current vector distribution on the metal cavity at 1.9 GHz when only
port 1 is fed.

Fig. 9. Simulated radiation patterns of the dual linearly polarized antenna array.

Fig.6. Comparison between the simulated radiation patterns of port 1 of ANT
2-5 at 3.22 GHz.
whole operating frequency band effectively. In order to
decrease the current on the metal plate, the metal plate reflector
is connected with the metal cavity by nylon screws. However,
when ANT 4 operates near 3GHz, the current on the bottom
surface of the metal plate is still high. The antenna ANT 5
proposed in this letter is obtained by cutting out four fan-shaped
areas on the metal plate. Therefore, the current intensity on the
whole metal reflector is weakened, and the overall size of the
metal reflector is ensured. Thus, the backward radiation of the
antenna is decreased in the whole operating frequency band,
and the FBR is improved.
The VSWRs of port 1 of antennas during the design process
are shown in Fig. 4. Two resonant modes of ANT 1 are excited,
but the VSWR is higher than 2.0. The impedance matching of
ANT 1 at high frequency is effectively improved by fan-shaped
parasitic elements of ANT 2. After utilizing the metal cavity,
the VSWR of ANT 3 in low frequency band is obviously
decreased, and the operating frequency is effectively widened
to 1.69-3.34 GHz. The VSWRs of ANT 4 and ANT 5 are
similar to that of ANT 3.
Fig. 6 shows the simulated radiation patterns of ANT 2-5 at
3.22 GHz when only port 1 is fed. As can be seen from Fig. 6,
compared with ANT 2, the HPBWs of E-plane is obviously
broadened by the metal cavity of ANT 3, but the FBRs of ANT
2 and ANT 3 are poor. Compared with ANT 3, the FBRs of
ANT 4 and ANT 5 are improved. Compared with ANT 4, the
advantage of ANT 5 in high frequency band is obvious. When
the antenna operates at 3.22GHz, the FBR of ANT 5 is 5.5 dB
higher than that of ANT 4. The HPBWs of E-plane radiation
pattern of ANT 5 at 3.22 GHz is 20 ° wider than that of ANT 4.
While the HPBWs of the E-plane of ANT 4 at high frequency
is narrower than that of ANT 3. And the HPBWs of ANT 5 is
similar to that of ANT 3. In addition, the gain of the H-plane
and the E-plane of ANT 5 in the range of ± 60° pitch angle is
increased to over 0 dBi.
Furthermore, a 1 × 4 antenna array with element spacing of
0.68 λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength of the center frequency.) is
simulated. Fig. 7 shows the simulation model of the antenna
array. Fig. 8(a) shows the reflection coefficient of ports 1-8 of
the antenna array. And the Fig. 8(b) shows the transmission
coefficient of the ports with same polarization between adjacent
elements. The transmission coefficient is lower than -17 dB in
1.73-3.2 GHz. The radiation patterns of the antenna array fed
by ports 1,3,5,7 simultaneously are shown in Fig. 9 and the gain
is 12.3 dBi ± 0.7 dBi in 1.73-3.2 GHz.
III. SIMULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS
The prototype of the presented broadband wide beamwidth
antenna is shown in Fig. 10. The simulated and measured S-
parameters are depicted in Fig. 11. The two ports have achieved
a common operating frequency of 1.7-3.22 GHz (|S11| < -10 dB)
with a transmission coefficient of less than -29 dB.
When dipole 1 and dipole 2 work separately, the radiation
patterns of dipole 1 are basically similar with dipole 2.
Therefore, Fig. 12 shows the measured and simulated radiation
patterns of H-plane (XOZ plane) and E-plane (YOZ plane) at
1.7 GHz, 2.46 GHz and 3.22 GHz when only port 1 is excited.
The peak gain of the antenna is 6.0 dB, 5.5 dB and 5.5 dB at 1.7

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TABLE I
GAIN, HPBWS, AND FBR OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA
Fre. Gain(dB) Gain(±60°)(dB) HPBWs(°) FBR(dB)
(GHz) Sim. Mea. Sim. Mea. Sim. Mea. Sim. Mea.
E-plane 1.1/0.4 0.5/0.1 90 92 21.3 19.3
1.70 6.2 6.0
H-plane 1.8/1.8 1.4/1.1 96 93 21.3 22.9
E-plane 2.2/3.1 2.4/2.4 120 118 19.9 20.2
Port1 2.46 5.7 5.5
H-plane 0.5/0.5 1/0.7 92 99 19.9 18.4
Fig. 10. Prototype of the presented broadband wide beamwidth antenna. E-plane 2.1/0.9 1.5/0.1 91 93 20.6 23.6
3.22 5.8 5.5
H-plane 2.0/1.9 0.4/1.3 99 96 20.6 17.7
E-plane 0.9/0.3 0.3/0.1 90 91 21.4 21.0
1.70 6.2 6.1
H-plane 1.6/1.7 1.5/1.1 96 95 21.4 26.1
E-plane 2.3/3.1 2/3.3 120 125 19.7 19.2
Port2 2.46 5.7 5.4
H-plane 0.5/0.5 0.8/0.7 92 101 19.7 18.1
E-plane 2.5/0 1.5/0.2 91 91 18.7 17.8
3.22 5.6 5.4
H-plane 1.2/1.2 0.9/0.5 104 91 18.7 18.6

TABLE II
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE DESIGNED ANTENNA AND SOME WIDE
BEAMWIDTH DUAL-POLARIZED ANTENNAS
Fig. 11. Simulated and measured S-parameters of the antenna.
3 Bandwidth HPBWs(°) Isolation FBR
Ref. Polarization Dimension(λ0 )
(|S11|<-10dB) (E/H) (dB) (dB)
[6] LP 1.43×1.43×0.08 3.2% (2.48-2.56GHz) 107°/105° 32 20
48% (1.68-2.74GHz)
[8] LP 0.97×0.97×0.25 70°/70° 35 NG
(VSWR<1.5)
0.77×0.77×0.41 22.6% (3.25-4.08GHz) 83°/83° 22
[9] LP 31
1×1×0.53 19.6% (4.29-5.22GHz) 74°/133° 9
0.44×0.44×0.14 18.6% (3.22-3.88GHz) 106°/109° 19.8
[10] LP 34
0.59×0.59×0.18 10.5% (4.52-5.02GHz) 98°/97° 18.9
[11] CP 0.86×0.86×0.19 51% (3.2-5.4GHz) 108°/108° 16 NG
(a) This
LP 0.87×0.87×0.32 61.8% (1.7-3.22GHz) 90°/90° 29 17
work

λ0: Wavelength at the center frequency.

CP: Circular polarization.
LP: Linear polarization.
NG: Not given.

beamwidth dual-polarized antennas are shown in Table II. The

wide beamwidth dual-polarized antenna presented in this letter
(b) has a wider impedance bandwidth.

(c)
Fig. 12. Measured and simulated radiation patterns of the antenna. (a) 1.7
GHz. (b) 2.46 GHz. (c) 3.22 GHz.
GHz, 2.46 GHz and 3.22 GHz respectively. The HPBWs of H-
plane and E-plane are greater than 90°. The gain is greater than0
dBi in the range of ± 60° pitch angle on both E-plane and H-
plane. The FBR is higher than 17 dB. Table I shows the above
electrical properties.
The comparison of the designed antenna and some wide
IV. CONCLUSION
This letter introduces a broadband and wide beamwidth dual-
polarized orthogonal dipole antenna for 4G/5G communication.
The main radiation structure of the antenna is a deformed fan-
shaped dipole. The broadband and wide beamwidth
characteristics are obtained by adding deformed fan-shaped
parasitic elements and a metal cavity with grooves on the side
wall below the orthogonal dipoles. The HPBWs achieves 90°×
90° at 1.7-3.22GHz. The gain is greater than 0 dBi in the range
of ± 60° pitch angle. The isolation between the two ports is
greater than 29 dB. The antenna studied in this letter has the
characteristics of broadband, wide beamwidth, and high gain at
low elevation angle. The antenna presented in this letter is a
suitable candidate antenna for communication between vehicles
and 4G/5G base stations for the above characteristics.

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