1875 

- in San Francisco California, enacted an ordinance which banned

the smoking of opium in opium dens.

1919 - the prohibition of alcohol commenced in Finland.

1920 - the prohibition of alcohol commenced in the United States.

1974 - the Inter Agency Committee on Drug Prevention Education was

created and played vital role in the integration of drug abuse
prevention concepts in social actions programs.

1979 - the first International non-governmental organization conference

was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, followed by the second which was held
from November 3 to 8, 1980 at Manila. After the second conference, the
Philippine council of Non-Governmental Organization was organized.

1988 - the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotics

Drugs and Psychotropic Substances was held further bolstering anti
drug laws.

Addiction - A person has an addiction when he becomes dependent on or

craves a drug and believes he needs the drug to live. All an addicted
drug user can think about is getting the next dose after getting high.

Classification of Commonly Used Drugs

   Psychoactive Drugs - These are often described as a psychotropic
   (mind affecting) or mind altering drugs. It is a chemical substance
   that changes ones thinking, feelings, perceptions and behaviors.
      a. Depressants - they are drugs that affects the central nervous
         system causing it to relax.

         Common Types of Depressants

         1. Narcotics - refers to any drugs which produces insensibility,
            stupor, melancholy or dullness of mind with delusion and
            which may be habit forming.
         2. Barbiturates - drugs that affect the central nervous system
            causing sedation.
         3. Tranquilizers - are drugs which relieves uncomfortable
            emotional feelings by reducing anxiety and promoting
            relaxation.
         4. Alcohol - fermented or distilled liquids or drug
            containing ethanol and intoxicating substances.
         5. Solvents and Inhalants - volatile liquids that give off a
            vapor, which is inhaled producing short term excitement
            and euphoric followed by a period of disorientation. Its
            effect includes nausea, sneezing, coughing, nose bleeds,
            fatigue,lack of coordination and loss of appetite.

      b. Stimulants - chemical substances that generally speed up

         central nervous system function, resulting in alertness and
         excitability.
         Common Types of Stimulants
         1. Cocaine - a natural stimulants derived from the plant
            erythroxylon coca.
         2. Methamphetamine/Amphetamine - man made stimulants drugs.
         3. Caffeine - a stimulant found in coffee.
         4. Nicotine - an addictive substance usually obtained from
            cigarette smoking.

      c. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - sometimes known as “all rounder's”

         and “mind expanders” these drugs affects the person
         perceptions, awareness, emotions and can also cause
         hallucinations as well as illusions.

         Common Types of Hallucinogens

         1. Marijuana
         2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
         3. Ecstacy
         4. PCP, Psilocybin mushroom and peyote

Cocaine - is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite

suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric
sense of happiness and increased energy. It is a quick acting drug
whose effects are rapid from the time of intake. It is legally used
in medicine as a topical anesthetic, specifically in the eye, nose and
throat surgery. It is a crystallinetropane alkaloid that is derived
from the leaves of the coca plant known as “Erythroxylon”

      Alexander Bennet - he discovered the first medical use of

      cocaine in 1873 as anesthetic.

      1879 - cocaine was used to treat morphine addiction.

      1884 - cocaine was introduced into clinical use as anesthetic.

      in Germany.

      1970 - cocaine gained popularity as a recreational drug.

      Medellin and Cali Cartel - were founded in Colombia to meet the

      new demand for cocaine. The Cali Cartel became the number one
      cocaine trafficker after the death of Pablo Escobar.

      Pablo Escobar - the founder of the Medellin Cartel who was

      killed by the police in late 1993.

Chemicals – is any substance taken into the body, which alters the
way, the mind and the bodywork.

Chemical Abuse – is an instance when the use of a chemical has

produced a negative or harmful consequence.
Codeine - Methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic,
anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal properties. It is marketed as the
salt codeine sulfate and codeinephosphate. It is also often used
as recreational drugs. This is primarily because of its easy
availability over the counter or on prescription in combination
of products.

Dangerous Drugs - are those that have high tendency for abuse and
dependency, these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose
harm to those who use them.

Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 - marked the government assurance to strict

policy against drug abuse. The act was subsequently amended through
Presidential Degree No. 44. Dangerous Drug Board was created to
implement the provisions of the Dangerous Drug Act as the national
policy making body and deal with other related matters on drug abuse
prevention and control.

Dangerous Drugs Board - is the policy making and strategy-formulating

body, under the office of the President, in the planning and
formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.

      The late President Ferdinand E. Marcos, organized the Dangerous

      Drugs Board on November 14, 1972 under the Office of the President.

      National Agencies Forming Part of the Dangerous Drugs Board

      1. DOH  - Department of Health
      2. DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
      3. DECS - Department of Education, Culture and Sports
      4. DOJ  - Department of Justice
      5. DND  - Department of National Defense
      6. DOF  - Department of Finance
      7. DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government
      8. DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment
      9. DFA  - Department of Foreign Affairs
      10.CHED - Commission on Higher Education
      11.NYC  - National Youth Commission
      12.PDEA - Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

      Permanent Consultants of the DDB

      1. Director of the NBI
      2. Chief of the PNP

      Two Regular Members of the DDB

      1. President of the IBP - Integrated Bar of the Philippines
      2. Chairman or President of a non-government organization
         involved in dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by
         the President of the Philippines.

      Oplan Iwas Droga - is the national flagship program on drug

      abuse prevention launched by the DDB in 1995.
      Barkada Kontra Droga - is a peer-based program designed as a
      preventive education and information strategy to counter the
      dangers and disastrous effects of drug abuse. It aims to empower
      individuals to be catalysts within their peer groups in
      advocating healthy, drug-free lifestyles through involvement
      in various wholesome activities.

      IDADIN - Integrated Drug Abuse Data and Information Network.

      - is an online drug data pooling and collection system that
      allows better management and assessment of the over-all drug
      demand and supply reduction efforts undertaken by the
      government.

      DDB-DIAL - (DDB Drug Information Action Line) is an action

      center created to receive reports and complaints related to
      drug abuse as well as to provide relevant information and
      assistance to the public.

      KID Listo - is a mascot created to stand as an icon or

      representation of the drug abuse prevention program. KID
      means Kalaban ng Ilegal na Droga. It was brought to different
      schools and communities all over the country to promote the
      anti-drug advocacy.

      5 Pillar Global Drug Control Approach

      1. Drug Supply Reduction
      2. Drug Demand Reduction
      3. Alternative Development
      4. Civic Awareness and Response
      5. Regional and International Cooperation

Dangerous Drugs Board Certification - is issued to attest that

substance/s manufactured or imported by companies are not included in
the list of dangerous drugs and controlled precursors and essential
chemicals.

      Certificate of Exemption - is issued to exempt products or

      preparations containing dangerous drugs and/or controlled
      substances that are below and above the 30% threshold from
      certain regulatory control measures.

Dependency - is the state of physical and psychological dependence,

or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person
following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous basis.

Depressant - A depressant is a drug that slows a person down. Doctors

prescribed depressants to help people be less angry, anxious, or
tense. Depressants relax muscles and make people feel sleepy or like
their head are stuffed.
Drugs - are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring
about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change.

Drug Abuse - is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the

user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are
harmful to themselves or others. Drug abuse exists when a person
continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued
use can lead to drug addiction and dependency.

      General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse

      1. Unexpected changes of behavior
      2. Significant deterioration of grooming
      3. Continually wear long sleeve clothing to hide injection marks
      4. Wearing of sunglasses in appropriate time.
      5. Weight loss not attributed to proper physical exercises.
      6. Association with persons who are known drug abusers
      7. Unusual spending of money

Drug Addiction – a state of periodic or chronic (continuous)

intoxication (drunk) detrimental to individual and to the society
produced by the repeated consumption of drugs.
               - Drug addiction refers to the behavioral condition where
an individual’s need to obtain and use (especially, self-administer)
drugs becomes a strong fixation.
               - Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic,
brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking,
and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant
drug use.

Drug Dependence - A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both

on dangerous drugs, arising in a person following administration or
use of a drug on a periodic or continuous basis.
                - Drug dependence describes the state when an
individual is dependent upon the drug for normal physiological
functioning.

Drug Experimenter - One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses

any narcotics substances, marijuana or dangerous drugs as defined not
more than a few times for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure or
other similar reasons.

Drug Syndicate - it is a network of evil. It is operated and manned

by willful criminals who knowingly traffic  human lives for the money.
Large sum of money, they can make in their illegal and nefarious trade.
The set results of their commerce are physical and mental cripples,
ruined lives, even agonizing death.

Ecstacy - In 1912 MDMA or Methylenedioxymetamphetamine was developed

in Germany as an appetite depressant by the pharmaceutical company
Merck. During the late 1970 psychiatrists and psychologist used the
drugs as treatment for emotional and psychological disorders. Among
the youth users referred it as the “sex drugs”. In its purest form
it is crystalline substance white powder with mastic odor.

Enabling - is any action taken by a concerned person that removes or

softens the negative effect or harmful consequences of drug use upon
the user. Enabling only makes thing worse. It is like fighting
fire with gasoline.

Facility Based/Treatment Based Data - are data gathered from the

residential and out-patient treatment and rehabilitation centers in
the Philippines.

Hallucinogen - A hallucinogen is a drug, such as LSD, that changes a

person's mood and makes him see, hear, or think things that aren't
really there. Hallucinogens change the way a person feels time,
making it seem to slow down. As the name implies, hallucinogens may
cause hallucinations - this is when people think they see or hear
imaginary people or things.

Harrison Act - passed in 1914, which required sellers of opiates and

cocaine to procure license. Originally intended to require paper trails
of drug transactions between doctors, drug stores and patients, it
soon became a prohibitive law.

Hashish - It is the dark brown resin that is collected from the tops of
potent Cannabis Sativa. It is at least five times stronger than crude
marijuana. Since it is stronger, the effect on the user is more intense,
and the possibility of side effects is greater. Placing the crude plant
material in a solvent makes it. The plant materials then filtered out
and the solvent is removed, yielding a gummy, resinous substance.

Heroin - is also known as Diacetylmorphine, is a semi synthetic opioid.

It mimics endorphins and creates a sense of well being upon entering
the bloodstream usually through intravenous injection. It is widely
used as a illegal drug for its intense euphoria, which often disappears
with increase tolerance.

High - A high is the feeling that drug users want to get when they
take drugs. There are many types of high, including a spacey feeling,
euphoria, or a feeling that a person  has “special powers”, such as
the ability to fly or see into the future.

Lebanon - also became the transit country for cocaine from South America
to illicit drugs markets.

Marijuana - obtained from an Indian hemp plant known as “Cannabis Sativa”

a strong, handy ,annual shrub which grows wild in temperature and
tropic regions. A mind altering substance produced from cannavis sativa,
it is used because its primary active chemical Tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC) induces relaxation and heightens the senses.
      Cannabis is prepared for human consumption in different forms:
      1. Marijuana or Ganja - the leaves and flowering tops of female
         plants.
      2. Hashish or Charas - a concentrated resin composed of glandular
         trichomes and vegetative debris that has been physically extracted
         usually by rubbing, sifting or with ice.
      3. Kif or Kief - the chopped flowering tops of female cannabis
         plants, often mixed with tobacco,Moroccan hashish produced
         in the Rif mountains.Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of
         only the glandular heads often incorrectly referred to as
         “Crystals or Pollen”.
      4. Bhang - a beverage prepared by grinding cannabis leaves in
         milk and boiling with spices and other ingredients.
      5. Hash Oil - an oily mixture resulting fromchemical extraction
         or distillation of theTHC- rich part of the plant.
      6. Budder - hash oil whipped to incorporate air, making it
         more like butter.

      Methods/Apparatus in Smoking Marijuana

      1. The Joint
      2. The Blunt
      3. The Hookah
      4. The Bong - is a tube with a small bowl at the end of a
         thinner tube inserted throughthe side near the base.
      5. The Waterfall
      6. The Pipe
      7. The Shotgun
      8. The Chillum
      9. The One Hitter or Bat - is a contrivance that allows the
         small amount of cannabis to be burned and inhaled in a
         single breath.

Middle East - the Bec ka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the

biggest producer of cannabis in the Middle East.

Morphine - is a strong opiate analgesic drug and is the principal

active agent in opium. It acts directly on the central nervous system
relieving pain. It is claimed to be six (6) times more potent than
opium. It is administered into the body by means of injection. It is
used legally as an analgesic in hospital setting to relieve pain
after surgery and pain associated with trauma.

Most Commonly Used/Abused Substances In The Philippines

1. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (Shabu)
2. Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana
3. Inhalants (Contact Cement)

Motbok - an alcohol rationing system with personal ration record book

employed by Sweden from 1914 to 1955.

Narcotics - is any drug that produces sleep or stupor and relieves

pain due to its depressant effect on the central nervous system. A
term narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep “Narkotikos".

Opium - Obtained from a female poppy plant known as “Papayer Somniferum”.

It comes from the Greek word which means “juice”. It is the original
components of Morphine and Heroin. It was known to be cultivated in
lower Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De Medicina (30 AD), Aulus
Cornelius Celsus specified various uses for “Poppy Tears” as an
emollient for painful joints and anal crevices, in anodynes pills
promoting relief of pain through sleep.

      Opium Preparation - The smoking of opium does not involve the

      burning of the material as might be imagined. The prepared opium
      is indirectly heated to temperature at which active alkaloids,
      mainly Morphine, are vaporized.

      Opium Chemical Properties and Physiological Effects - Opium

      includes two groups of alkaloids: Phenanthrenes(including
      Morphine and Codeine) and Benzylisoquinolines
      (including Papaverine).

      Opium Medical Uses - Opium has been a major commodity of trade

      for centuries, due to the fact that it has long been used as a
      pain killer and sedative.

Presidential Proclamation No.1192 - declared the 2nd week of November

as Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Week, and celebrated every year.

Physical Dependence - An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use

that reveals itself by development of intense physical symptoms when
the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).

Polydrug Abuse - Many people who abuse on drug tend to take all sorts
of drugs. Some play chemical “Russian roulettes” by taking everything
including unidentified pills. This is called polydrug abuse.

Psychological Dependence - An attachment to drug use which arises from

a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality need of an
individual. (Physical dependence not required but it does not seem to
reinforce psychological dependence.

RA 9165 - commonly known as The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of

2002. It took effect on July 4, 2002.

      Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) - continues as policy making body

      and it formed the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
      as the led agency in the enforcement of the law under the office
      of the President.

      The new law abolished the National Drug Law Enforcement and
      Prevention Coordinating Center, the PNP Narcotics Group, the
      NBI Narcotics Unit and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Office.

      Establishing the proper intelligence network has been inherent

      task given by the law to PDEAin coordination with the following
      support units:The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs Task
      Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals along with
      other government and non-government entities dedicated to curb
      the drug problem.

      National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs

      1. Supply Reduction Strategy - which refers to the concept of
         keeping the  drugs away from the potential drug users.

         Intended Programs
         a. Law Enforcement
         b. Amendments of the Law

      2. Demand Reduction Strategy - refers to the concept of keeping the

         potential users awayfrom drugs.

         Intended Programs
         a. Preventive Education
         b. Sports Development
         c. Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery
         d. Treatment and Rehabilitation

      3. International and Local Cooperation/Coordination - refers to

         an effective and efficient cooperation and coordination of all
         local and international agencies of the government.

         Intended Programs
         a. Joint Training and Exercises
         b. Intelligence Networking
         c. Interdiction Operation

Rehabilitation - is a dynamic process directed towards the changes

on the health of the person to prepare him from his fullest life
potentials and capabilities, and making him law-abiding and productive
member of the community without abusing drugs.

Shabu - Methamphetamine was discovered in Japan in 1919. This

crystalline powder is solute in water making it an ideal drug for
injection. During world War II, the drugs was used as stimulants for
combat soldiers. After the war it was regarded as a cure all for
treatment in mild depression and a good weight control substance.
In the mid 80’s it was introduced in the Philippines and has gained
popularity not only in urban areas but rural communities as well. It
is also regarded as poor man’s cocaine.

Stimulant - A stimulant speeds up a person's body and brain.

Stimulants, such as methamphetamines, have the opposite effect of
depressants. Usually stimulants make a person high energetic. When
the effects of a stimulant wear off, a person will feel tired
or sick.

Tetrahydrocannabinol - (THC) It is the psychoactive agent of marijuana.

The more THC present in marijuana, the more potent is the drug. It is
also known as the “sinister element” in marijuana. This is what causes the
“high lift” or “trip” in marijuana users.

The Golden Crescent

1. Afghanistan
2. Pakistan
3. Iran
4. India

The Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking

1. Laos
2. Thailand
3. Burma

Tolerance - it is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same

effect.

Treatment – Is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective

management of hit total conditions related to drug abuse. It deals
with the physiological without abusing drugs.

Withdrawal Period - From the point of habituation or drug dependence

up to the time a drug dependent is totally or gradually deprived of
the drug.

RA no. 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.

RA no 6425 - Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 - the law that was repelled by RA no. 9165.

Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) - the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the
planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.

Duties/Function of the DDB -To develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified

and balanced national drug abuse prevention and control strategy.

Composition of the DDB

1. 3 permanent members
2. 2 regular members
3. 12 ex officio members

The 12 ex officio members are the following:

 1. DOJ secretary or his/her representative
2. DOH secretary or his/her representative
3. DND secretary or his/her representative
4. DOF secretary or his/her representative
5. DOLE secretary or his/her representative
6. DILG secretary or his/her representative
7. DSWD secretary or his/her representative
8. DFA secretary or his/her representative
9. DECS secretary or his/her representative
10. CHED chairman or his/her representative
11. National Youth Commission chairman or his/her representative
12. PDEA director general

 The DDB is under the office of the President.

 The Department Secretary's representative shall in no case be lower than Under
Secretary.

The Two Regular Members of the DDB are:

1.  The President of The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)

2. The Chairman or President of a non-governmental organization involved in
dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by the President of the Philippines.

Permanent Consultants of the DDB

1. Director of the NBI

2. Chief of the PNP

PDEA - implementing arm of the DDB.

Qualification of the 3 Permanent members of the DDB

- at least 7 years training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs and in any of the
following fields: law,medicine,criminology,psychology or social work.They are appointed by
the President.

  The President shall designate a Chairman  of the DDB from among the 3 permanent
members who shall serve for 6 years.
 The Chairman of the DDB shall have a rank of Under Secretary.
 Term of office of the permanent members of the DDB - 6 years and until their
successors shall have been duly appointed and qualified.
 The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank of undersecretary.
 The PDEA Director General shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines.

Duties/Functions of PDEA Director General

  1. Responsible for the general administration and 
      management of the agency.
  2. Perform other duties that may be assigned to 
      him/her by the President.

  The PDEA Director General and the 2 Deputy Director General must possess
adequate knowledge, training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs and in
any of the following field: law enforcement, law, medicine, criminology, psychology
and social work.

There are 2 PDEA Deputy Director General

  1. One for Administration
  2. One for Operation

  They shall have a rank of Assistant Secretary and both are appointed by the
President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the board.

Mandatory Services of the PDEA

  1. Intelligence and Investigation
  2. International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs
  3. Preventive Education and Community Involvement
  4. Plans and Operation
  5. Compliance, Legal and Prosecution
  6. Administrative and Human Resource
  7. Financial Management
  8. Logistic Management
  9. Internal Affairs

  PDEA shall establish regional offices.

PDEA Academy -  Shall be established either in Baguio City or Tagaytay City and in such
other places as may be necessary.

  PDEA Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent with the rank of Director. He

shall be appointed by the PDEA Director General.

3 Pronged Approached in the Solution of Drug Problems

  1. Law enforcement activities
  2. Preventive Drug Education and Information 
      program in school and in communities.
  3. Treatment and Rehabilitation programs for drug 
      dependent.
Classification of Drugs according to effect

1. Depressant - "downers" - a drug reducing functional or nervous activity. Lower the

level of arousal when taken.
2. Stimulants - "Uppers" - increase mental  and/or physical function. A substance that
raises the levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
3. Hallucinogens - "psychedelics" - a drug that causes hallucinations. Psychoactive
drugs that cause subjective change in perception,thought,emotion and
consciousness.

Classification of Drugs according to Pharmacology

1. Depressants
2. Narcotics
3. Tranquilizers
4. Stimulants
5. Hallucinogens
6. Solvents/Inhalants

Classifications of Drugs according to Legal Categories

1. Prohibited Drugs
2. Regulated Drugs
3. Volatile substances

Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking

1. Laos
2. Thailand
3. Burma

The Golden Crescent

1. Afghanistan
2. Pakistan
3. Iran
4. India

Classification of Drug user/Abuser

 1. Situational user - those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy
to perform an important work. Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological
dependence.
2. Spree user - school age user who take drugs for "kicks", adventure, daring
experience or a means of fun.
3. Hardcore addicts - those whose activities revolves almost entirely around drug use
and securing supplies. They show strong psychological dependence on the drug.
4. Hippies - Those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of
life.

Commonly abused drugs:

1. Sedatives - are depressant drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as
barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.
2. Stimulants - are drugs which increase alertness and activity such as amphetamine,
cocaine and caffeine.
3. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - drugs which affect sensation,thinking,self awareness and
emotion.
4. Narcotics - drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. This includes opium and
its derivatives like morphine,codeine and heroin.
5. Solvents - volatile substances which are found to be the most commonly abused. 

Primary causes of drug addiction:

1. Pride - excessive feeling of self worth or self esteem or sense of self importance.

2. Anger - against, himself,family,friends and society in general.
3. Lust - burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse.
4. Gluttony - "food trip" in the lingo of junkies.
5. Greed - wealth,fame,recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in their
work of art such as musician,actors and athletes who indulge in rug abuse.
6. Envy - to get attention from someone as sign of protest.
7. Laziness - "i cant syndrome" incapacity to achieve is a breedingground of drug
abuse and boredom coupled with poor self image.

Warning Signs of Commonly Abused Drugs

 
1. Marijuana

  glassy red eye

 loud talking
 inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness
 loss of interest, motivation
 weight gain or loss
  2. Depressant

  contracted pupils 
 drunk-like
 difficulty concentrating
 clumsiness
 poor judgement

  3. Stimulants - ex. cocaine, amphetamines

  dilated pupils
 hyperactivity
 euphoria 
 irritability
 anxiety
 excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping
 may go long period of time without eating or sleeping
 weight loss
 dry mouth and nose

  4. Inhalants - ex. glues, aerosols, vapors

  watery eyes
 impaired vision, memory and thought
 secretions from the nose or rashes around the nose and mouth
 head aches and nausea
 appearance of intoxication
 drowsiness
 poor muscle control
 changes in appetite
 anxiety
 irritability
 lots of cans,aerosols in the trash

  5 . Hallucinogens - ex. LSD, PCP

  dilated pupils
 bizarre and irrational behavior including paranoia, aggression, hallucination
 mood swings
 detachment from people
 absorption with self or other objects
 slurred speech
 confusion

  6. Heroin 
   contracted pupils
 no response of pupils to light
 needle marks
 sleeping at unusual time
 sweating
 vomiting
 coughing, shiffling
 twitching
 loss of appetite

  7. Alcohol

  clumsiness
 difficulty walking
 slurred speech
 sleepiness
 poor judgement
 dilated pupils
 possession of false ID cards

  8. Tobacco/Nicotine

  smell of tobacco
 stained fingers or teeth

Analgesic - any drugs such as salicylates, morphine or opiates used primarily for the relief
of pain.

Acute tolerance - The development of tolerance within the course of a single exposure to a

drug.

Addiction - Implies a very severe form of dependence, one involving an overwhelming

compulsion for the use of a particular drug.

Adulterant - Material used to increase the mass of a controlled substance. Adulterants

produce physiological effects and give the illusion that more controlled substance is present
than its actual content.

Alkaloid - One of a group of nitrogenous organic bases, especially one of vegetable origin,
having a powerful toxic effect on animals and man, such as nicotine, cocaine, strychnine, or
morphine.

Amitriptyline - A tricyclic antidepressant drug, found to impair skilled performance and to

be additive with ethanol in its adverse effects.

Amobarbital - A barbiturate derivative used as a sedative or hypnotic; available in ampules

for intravenous or intramuscular injection for the control of seizures.

Amphetamine - A drug that is representative of a class of structurally related compounds

known as phenethylamines. Basis of a group of hallucinogenic,habit-forming drugs that
affect the central nervous system.The sale and use restricted to physicians; trade name
Benzedrine.

Analgesic - Any drugs, such as salicylates, morphine, or opiates used primarily for the
relief of pain.

Anaphylaxis - An allergic hypersensitivity reaction of the body to a foreign protein or drug.

Antidepressant - A drug, such as imipramine and tranylcypromine, that relieves

depression by increasing central sympathetic activity.

Antisera - Injecting human serum into various animals, such as the horse, goat,sheep,
rabbit, duck, hen, or guinea pig, can produce antihuman sera.

Antiserum - Any immune serum that contains antibodies active chiefly in destroying a
specific infecting virus or bacterium.
Barbiturate - A derivative of barbituric acid that produces depression of the central
nervous system and consequent sedation.

Benzoylecognine - A cocaine metabolite.

Butabarbital - A short- to intermediate-acting barbiturate derivative.

Butalbital - An occasionally encountered short-acting barbiturate closely related to Talbutal

and less closely to Amobarbital and Secobarbital. Intoxication can result in lethargy,
confusion, disorientation, and ataxia.
Cannabidiol - A constituent of cannabis, which, upon isomerization to a
tetrahydrocannabinol, has some of the physiologic activity of marijuana.

Cannabinol - (C21H26O2) A physiologically inactive phenol formed by spontaneous

dehydrogenation of tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabis.

Cannabis - A genus of tall annual herbs in the family Cannabaccae having erect stems,
with 3 to 7 elongated leaflets and pistillate flowers in spikes along the stem. Commonly
known as marijuana or sometimes referred to on the street as grass or pot.

Chronic - Persistent, prolonged, repeated.

Chronic effect - A pathologic process caused by repeated exposures over a period of long
duration.

Chronic tolerance - The gradual decrease in degree of effect produced at the same blood
concentration in the course of repeated exposure to that drug.

Cocaine - A colorless to white crystalline powder. Used as a local anesthetic (medicine or

dentistry), usually as the hydrochloride. Also known by street names, such as coke, snow,
or freebase.

Codeine - A narcotic alkaloid that is used in medicine and cough syrups; highly toxic and
habit-forming narcotic.

Concentration - The amount of a substance in a stated unit of a mixture or solution.

Common methods of stating concentration are percent by weight,percent by volume, or
weight per unit volume. Amount of a drug in a unit volume of biological fluid, expressed as
weight/volume.

Confirmatory test - Second test by an alternative chemical method for unambiguous

identification of a drug or metabolite.

Crack - Concentrated form of cocaine, which is used in vapor form. It is smoked or inhaled
through crack pipes. It is a highly addictive drugthat causes psychotic behavior, which is
often violent. Almost pure form of the drug cocaine hydrochloride, obtained from a shrub
native to Bolivia and Peru. It can cause increased alertness and energy, runny nose, and
decreased appetite when snorted, injected, or smoked.

Cut-off concentration - Concentration of a drug in a specimen or sample used to

determine whether the specimen or sample is considered positive or negative. In some
circumstances it is recommended that the cut-off concentration should be set equal to the
limit of detection.
Depressants - Drugs that depress the action of the central nervous system such as
phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and alcohol.

Designer drugs - Drugs that are produced illicitly by means of chemical technology.They
can cause uncontrollable tremors, chills, or sweating and faintness and paranoia when
injected or taken in pill form.

Diazepam - (valium) The second benzodiazepine derivative to have been approved for
human usage has been one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the United States. It
is administered as an antianxiety agent,muscle relaxant, or anticonvulsant.

Drug - Any natural or synthetic substance that is administered to produce specific

physiological or psychological effects.

Drug abuse - The nonmedicinal use of a drug in a manner that is not socially acceptable.

Drug dependence - The primary hazard of the abusive use of drugs is the likelihood for
some individuals to develop a “need” or compulsive desire that may occur as a result of a
psychological or a physical craving.
Hallucinogens - Drugs like marijuana, LSD, PSP, and ecstasy that produce changes in
mood, thought and perception.

Hashish - Purified resin prepared from the flowering tops of the female cannabis plant and
smoked or chewed as a narcotic or an intoxicant.
Impramine - The prototype of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
Marijuana - Popular name for the dried flowers and leaves of Cannabis sativa.

Meperidine hydrochloride - A fine, white, odorless, crystalline powder; very soluble in

water, soluble in alcohol, and used in medicine as a narcotic.

Methadone hydrochloride - A synthetic narcotic. Used medicinally as a sedative and also

useful in treating heroin addiction.

Methamphetamine - Colorless, volatile liquid; characteristic strong odor and slightly

burning taste. Highly toxic, flammable, as well as a dangerous fire risk. Basis of a group of
hallucinogenic, habit-forming drugs that affect the central nervous system.
Morphine - White crystalline alkaloid, slightly soluble in water, alcohol, and ether; highly
toxic, narcotic, habit-forming drug.

Mushroom - (Drugs) Umbrella-shaped fungus, some varieties of which contain a drug that
can cause hyperventilation, tremors, and hyperactivity when the fungus is chewed, smoked,
or ground and infused in water and drunk as a tea.
Narcotic - Pharmacologically, any substance that produces narcosis, a stuporous state
resembling sleep, and characterized by loss of sensation. Addictive substance that reduces
pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor.
Opiates - Natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic substances with morphine-like effects in the
body. They are primarily employed as analgesics and can be considered narcotic in their
effects. 

Opium - A highly toxic plant alkaloid that is a habit-forming narcotic; one source of opium

is morphine.

Overdose - An excessive dose of medicine or narcotic substance.

Peyote - The common name for the small Mexican cactus, Lophophora williamsii,which
contains the hallucinogen, mescaline.

Pharmacodynamics - The study of the relationship of drug concentration to drug effects.

Pharmacokinetics - The study of the time course of the processes (absorption,distribution,

metabolism, and excretion) a drug undergoes in the body.

Pharmacologic - Relating to the study of drugs and their origin, natural properties,and
effects on living organisms.

Phencyclidine (PCP) - Has an anesthetic activity and is manufactured legitimately for use
as a veterinary anesthetic. It has no legitimate use in humans because of its hallucinogenic
actions. The effects on humans
are considered euphoric, but at times depression or anxiety and aggressive behavior are
produced. Common street names are PCP, peace pill,hog, and angel dust.

Picking - Adherence of a drug to the face of the punch used to produce a tablet.Picking
creates holes in the surfaces of pressed tablets, usually near letters such as A or R.

Propoxyphene - A mildly effective narcotic analgesic, somewhat less potent than codeine,
that bears a close structural relationship to methadone.
Qualitative test - A test that determines the presence or absence of specific drugs or
metabolites, proteins, or enzymes in the specimen or sample.

Quinine - Bulky, white, amorphous powder or crystalline alkaloid; very bitter taste;
odorless and levorotatory. Used in medicine as an antimalarial drug.
Secobarbital - A barbiturate derivative of short duration of action; used as either a
sedative or hypnotic.

Solvent - A substance capable of dissolving another substance (solute) to form a uniformly

dispersed mixture (solution) at the molecular or ionic size level.

Stimulants - Drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system, creating
feelings of confidence and energy. A drug that produces a temporary increase of functional
activity or efficiency. A drug that increases alertness and motor activity and, at the same
time, reduces fatigue, allowing the individual to remain awake for an extended period of
time. It can cause weight loss, increased respiration and heart rate, blurred vision, and
anxiety when snorted,injected, smoked, or swallowed in capsule, tablet, or pill form.

Strychnine - An alkaloid found together with the less active brucine in the seed of
Strychnos nux-vomica, a tree indigenous to India. It is a potent central nervous system
stimulant and convulsant, acting by the selective blockage of postsynaptic neuronal
inhibition.

Substance abuse - Use of alcohol or drugs that results in adverse effects on the user.
Substance abuse is a major health and social problem in the United States among
adolescents.
Tolerance - A state that develops after long-term exposure to a drug. Metabolic tolerance
infers a faster removal and oxidation by the liver. Functional tolerance infers a change in
sensitivity of the organ to the effects of the drug.