ENERGY SOURCES

FOSSIL FUELS
What is Fossil Fuels?

Fossil Fuels is a fuel formed by natural processes,

such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead
organisms, containing organic molecules
originating in ancient photosynthesis that
release energy in combustion.

These fuels are found in the Earth’s crust and

contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be
burned for energy.
 FOSSIL FUELS
COAL
Coal is a material usually
found in sedimentary rock
deposits where rock and dead
plant and animal matter are
piled up in layers. More
than 50 percent of a piece
of coal’s weight must be
from fossilized plants.
CRUDE OIL NATURAL GAS
Oil is originally found as Natural gas is usually
a solid material between found in pockets above oil
layers of sedimentary deposits. It can also be
rock, like shale. This found in sedimentary rock
material is heated in layers that don’t contain
order to produce the thick oil. Natural gas is
oil that can be used to primarily made up of
make gasoline. methane.
BIOGAS
What is Biogas?
Biogas is a renewable fuel produced by the
breakdown of organic matter such as food
scraps and animal waste. It can be used in a
variety of ways including as vehicle fuel and
for heating and electricity generation.

Biogas consists mainly of methane and carbon

dioxide. It can also include small amounts of
hydrogen sulphide, siloxanes and some moisture.
The relative quantities of these vary depending on
the type of waste involved in the production of the
resulting biogas.
 Waste that can be used to produce biogas
ANIMAL MANURE
Manure is organic matter
that is used as organic
fertilizer in agriculture.
Most manure consists of
animal feces; other sources
include compost and green
manure.
MUNICIPAL RUBBISH FOOD WASTE
Municipal solid waste, Food waste or food loss is
commonly known as trash food that is not eaten.
or garbage in the United The causes of food waste
States and rubbish in or loss are numerous and
Britain, is a waste type occur throughout the food
consisting of everyday system, during production,
items that are discarded processing,distribution,
retail and consumption.
by the public
GEOTHERMAL
What is Geothermal?
Geothermal energy is the thermal energy
generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal
energy is the energy that determines the
temperature of matter.

Geothermal energy is the heat that comes from the

sub-surface of the earth. It is contained in the rocks
and fluids beneath the earth’s crust and can be
found as far down to the earth’s hot molten rock,
magma.
 Examples of Geothermal Energy Phenomena

HOT SPRING GEYSER MUD POTS

A hot spring is a natural water
source produced by heated A geyser is a specific A mud pot has a
groundwater that rises over the kind of spring that similarity to all of the
surface. It is scientifically bursts out a mixture of hydrothermal phenomena.
called as geothermally heated water and steam in They are basically a hot
water.
Geothermally heated water often
regular or irregular spring but with high clay
carries high mineral content. A intervals, often as high content.
naturally heated spring, warm as a few dozen meters.
water can hold more dissolved
solids than the cold ones.
HYDROTHERMAL
What is Hydrothermal?
Hydrothermal energy is the process of obtaining
heat or energy from a large body of water. 'Heat', in
this case should not be associated with high
temperature (as it may be with geothermal energy)
but rather a relative heat content or relative
temperature difference.

Water issuing from hydrothermal vents may reach

temperatures of over 700° F. The water does not boil
because of the extreme pressure at the ocean
depths where the vents are located. Hydrothermal
vents are recognized as rich sources of thermal
energy.
 HYDROTHERMAL VENT
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the
seafloor from which geothermally heated
water discharges. Hydrothermal vents are
commonly found near volcanically active
places, areas where tectonic plates are
moving apart at spreading centers, ocean
basins, and hotspots.
BATTERIES
What is Batteries?

A battery is a device consisting of one or more

electrochemical cells with external
connections for powering electrical devices
such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric
cars. When a battery is supplying electric
power, its positive terminal is the cathode and
its negative terminal is the anode.
 Different types of Batteries

ALKALINE BATTERIES MERCURY BATTERIES LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

An alkaline battery is a A mercury battery is a They generate electricity
non-rechargeable through a double sulfate
type of primary battery
electrochemical battery, chemical reaction. Lead
which derives its energy and lead dioxide, the
a primary cell. Mercury
from the reaction between batteries use a reaction active materials on the
zinc metal and manganese between mercuric oxide battery's plates, react
dioxide. and zinc electrodes in an with sulfuric acid in the
alkaline electrolyte. electrolyte to form lead
sulfate.
SOLAR CELLS
What is Solar Cells?
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical
device that converts the energy of light
directly into electricity by the photovoltaic
effect, which is a physical and chemical
phenomenon.

Solar cells can be arranged into large groupings

called arrays. These arrays, composed of many
thousands of individual cells, can function as
central electric power stations, converting
sunlight into electrical energy for distribution to
industrial, commercial, and residential users.
 SOLAR PANEL
The term solar panel is used colloquially
for a photo-voltaic module. A PV module is
an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted
in a framework for installation.
Photo-voltaic cells use sunlight as a
source of energy and generate direct
current electricity.
BIOMASS
What is Biomass?
Biomass is plant or animal material used as fuel
to produce electricity or heat. Examples are
wood, energy crops and waste from forests,
yards, or farms. Since biomass technically can be
used as a fuel directly, some people use the
terms biomass and biofuel interchangeably.

Biomass energy is energy generated or produced by

living or once-living organisms. The most common
biomass materials used for energy are plants, such as
corn and soy, above. The energy from these
organisms can be burned to create heat or
converted into electricity.
Examples of Biomass
WOOD PELLETS
Pellet fuels (or pellets) are
biofuels made from compressed
organic matter or biomass.
Pellets can be made from any
one of five general
categories of biomass:
industrial waste and
co-products, food waste,
agricultural residues, energy
crops, and virgin lumber.
FOOD CROPS GARDEN WASTE
A crop assumes human Garden waste is the
intervention through accumulated plant matter
agriculture. In the main, from gardening activities
food crops consist of which involve cutting or
grains, legumes (including removing vegetation, i.e.
dried beans), seeds and cutting the lawn, weed
nuts, vegetables, fruit, removal, hedge trimming or
herbs and spices, beverage pruning consisting of lawn
plants such as tea and clippings. leaf matter,
coffee, and so forth. wood and soil.
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