a) BODY

 Cleansing products for the body include bath products that are used
in bathtubs and shower products that are used in the shower. The
most popular forms of body cleansers are liquid body washes,
including bubble bath, shower gel, and shower cream.

i. Bath and Shower Products

1. include a wide variety of formulations, starting from solid dosage
forms, such as bar soaps, bath salts, bath bombs, and bath beads
(i.e.,capsules), to semi solid forms, including shower gels and
creams to liquids such as bubble bath products and bath oils.

ii. Soap bar

1. was used as the traditional product to clean the body. It contained
natural soaps, i.e., alkali salts of fatty acids. Disadvantage of natural
surfactants when used in bathtubs is that they tend to form scum and
rings on the wall of the tub in the presence of hard water. Soap rings
do not rinse away easily. Syndet bars for cleaning the body are
similar to those for facial cleansing. They contain synthetic
surfactants, which are known to be gentler to the skin

iii. Liquid cleaning products

1. offer an improved skin feel and more convenient and hygienic
dispensing than wash bars. In addition, most liquid body washes
include more emollients.
2. Example:
a) Bubble bath products,
i. also known as foam bath products, are intended to fill the
bath with a light, frothy lather.

b) Shower gels
i. are transparent gel-like products. Inert particles are often
incorporated into gels, providing an additional exfoliating
and polishing property.

c) Shower creams
i. are offered as an alternative to shower gels. They have a
milk- or cream-like appearance and are usually O/W
emulsions. They have an opaque appearance and usually
contain skin conditioning agents. Inert exfoliating particles
can also be incorporated into this form of body cleaning
products

3. Bath Oils and essences

a) represent a unique category of bathing preparations today.
b) These are oily products containing a high amount of
emollients , often combined with fragrances.
i. (benificial for dry skin because it add moisture to the
skin)
 c) Bath oils and essences are typically non-foaming
formulations.

d) The main ingredients of such formulations

i. are the emollients. (responsible in making the skin soft)

e) Originally, mineral oil

i. was incorporated as the main emollient
ii. it has excellent hydrating properties.

f) It forms an occlusive layer on the skin and prevents water loss

through the skin. Major disadvantage is that it may feel heavy
and greasy on the skin.
g) Newer emollients used in bath oils include isopropyl myristate,
isopropyl palmitate, and other isopropyl esters;
polypropylene glycol (PPG) ethers; natural oils, such as
grape-seed oil, olive oil, sweet cherry oil, and tea tree oil; as
well as vegetable oil

4. Bath Salts
a) often used in these products include sodium carbonate, sodium
bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, disodium phosphate,
sodium chloride, sodium borate(it has a mild bacteriostatic
action and slight astringent properties), and sodium perborate.
b) Additional minerals, such as magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate,
sodium thiosulfate, magnesium chloride, and potassium
bitartarate, may also be incorporated to mimic spa water.
c) Surfactants, colorants, and fragrances as well as various oils
and botanical extracts may also be added to the formulations.

5. Bath bombs
a) can contain binders, i.e., ingredients that hold individual
particles together and prevent breaking of the cubes/balls into
smaller pieces during packaging and shipping.
b) Bath bombs are usually pressed into final shape after slightly
wetting the powder mixture with a mixture of water, oils, and
fragrances\