1.

Classification Based on Product Types

a) Skin cleansing products classified based on their form include
b) solid cleansing aids,
i. such as soap bars, bath salts, bath beads, and cleansing wipes;
c) liquid products,
i. such as surfactant solutions, low-viscosity emulsions, toners, two-phase
cleanser; as well as
d) semisolid products,
i. such as creams, pastes as facial masks, scrubs, and gels.

2. Typical Ingredients and Formulation of Skin Cleansing Products

 In general, skin cleansers are used to remove dirt, make up, environmental
pollutants, germs, and other types of soilage from the skin. Since the
basic needs of the skin on the face, body, and hands are slightly different,
products are discussed according to these main areas of the body.

a) Face
i. Summary of the typical ingredient types is provided as follows:
1. Surfactants
a) act as cleansing agents and emulsifiers.
b) Without them we cant clean all the surfaces of our skin

2. Solvents
a) act as cleansing agents as well as provide a vehicle for various
formulations.
b) Act as the vehicle

3. Thickeners
a) are structuring agents, primarily used for gels, lotions, and
creams. They provide appropriate rheological properties for the
systems as well as contribute to their stability.
b) Responsible for rheologic or the flow property of the product

4. Skin conditioning agents

a) (otherwise known as moisturizers)
b) counteract the SC-disruptive properties of soaps and surfactants.

5. pH buffers
a) may be used for various reasons in facial cleansing products.
b) Useful for the facial products since we need to adjust the ph the
products

6. Abrasives
a) Facial scrubs contain specific exfoliating components that are
responsible for physical cleaning.
b) Use for physical cleaning not for chemical
7. Colorants
 a) may contribute to the marketing appeal of the product. Both
natural and synthetic colorants can be used as facial cleansers.
b)
8. Fragrances
a) are often added to facial cleansing preparations to mask the odor
of the raw ingredients. It should be kept in mind, however, that
they maybe highly irritative, especially for users with sensitive
skin.
b)
9. Preservatives
a) provide protection against microbiological contamination.
b)
10. Antibacterial agents
a) are widely used in today’s formulations. They may be beneficial
for controlling certain skin conditions, such as acne; superficial
skin infections, such as folliculitis; and control infections after
exposure to dirt or other potential sources of contamination.
These are generally considered active ingredients in products.
The most commonly used compound is triclosan; however, its
safety and efficacy are currently being investigated in cleansing
products by the FDA. Additional examples include benzoyl
peroxide and lactic acid.

i. Triclosan
1. It is restricted for use, assessing for its safety and
efficacy because being absorb in our skin.
2. Use for pain
3. Absorb in the part of lips which cause contact
dermatitis, skin irritation, and some allergy reaction

ii. Benzoyl peroxide

1. Active ingredient to combat acne
iii. Lactic acid

11. Absorbents
a) are mainly used in facial masks to absorb sebum from the
skin. These are water insoluble, mainly inorganic compounds
b)
12. Astringents
a) Use after cleaning our face
b) are the major ingredients in facial toners.
c) They tighten pores and refresh the skin.
d) Most of them are generally considered active ingredients.

13. Certain soaps contain other ingredients, such as vitamins, and a

variety of exotic natural ingredients (usually derived from fruits,
other plants, etc.).