Name : Tiara Armilia Putri

NPM : H1A019040

Medicine And Health Science Faculty

EXERCISE

 Write down the answer !

1. List the four basic tissues of body !
Answer:
1) Epithelium
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle
4) Nervous tissue
2. List three criteria used to classify lining epithelia ! explain in detail !
Answer:
Number of cell layers, and cell shape
3. What is function of epithelia?
Answer:
Function of epithelia include formation of a protective layer (epidermis), absorption
of water and solutes (intestine), secretion (intestine, various glands) and excretion
(kidney tubules).
4. Give a brief description of the terms used to describe the shape of the surface cells in
lining epithelia !
Answer:
Epithelial cells come in different shapes depending on where in the body they're
found. These shapes are called squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and ciliated columnar.
Epithelial tissue is composed of cells laid out in sheets with strong cell-to-cell
attachments. These protein connections hold the cells together to form a tightly
connected layer that is avascular but innervated in nature.
5. List two types of surface specialization found in lining epithelia ?
Anwer:
a) Simple epithelia
Simple epithelia are one cell layer thick and stratified epithelia are two or
more cell layers thick. The shape of epithelial cells may be squamous
cuboidal, or columnar, intermediate forms are often encountered.
b) Transitional epithelia
Transitional epithelia line cavities in the urinary tract, which may be
distended, and the thickness of the epithelium varies with the degree of
distention.
6. Explain six picture of epithelia below !
 Answer:
1) Simple cuboid
consists of a monolayer of epithelial cells that appear to be square-shaped in
cross section. With large, rounded, centrally located nuclei, all the cells of
this epithelium are directly attached to the basement membrane.
2) Simple columnar
Are tissues made of a single layer of long epithelialcells that are often seen in
regions where absorption and secretion are important features.
3) Pseudostratified
A pseudostratified epithelium is a type ofepithelium that, though comprising
only a single layer of cells, has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner
suggestive of stratified epithelia.
4) Stratified cuboidial
Stratified cuboidal epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue composed of
multiple layers of cube-shapedcells. Only the most superficial layer is made
up ofcuboidal cells, and the other layers can be cells of other types.
5) Stratified columnal
Stratified columnar epithelium is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of
column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. Stratified columnar epithelia
are found in the conjunctiva of the eye, in parts of the pharynx, anus,
the uterus, and the male urethra and vas deferens. It is also found in the lobar
ducts in salivary glands.
6) Stratified squamous
Stratified squamous epithelia are tissues formed from multiple layers
ofcells resting on a basement membrane, with the superficial layer(s)
consisting of squamous cells. Underlying cell layers can be made of cuboidal
or columnar cells as well.
7) Transitional
Transitional cells are in our urinary system. It's the part of our body that
includes the kidneys, the bladder and the tubes that connect them.
These cells are able to change shape and stretch without breaking and are
found throughout your urinary tract.

 Fill the blank with the correct answer !

VOCABULARY

 Cell
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic
and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic
organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or
prokaryotic.
 Tissue
 any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made,
consisting of specialized cells and their products.
 Cavity
an empty space within a solid object, in particular the human body.
 Absorption
the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
 Abnomial
Synonym of stomach.
 Secretion
a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or
organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.
 Squamous
Flat shape.
 Membrane
a pliable sheetlike structure acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an
organism.
 Desiccation
Synonym of dehydration
 Lamina
a thin layer, plate, or scale of sedimentary rock, organic tissue, or other material.
 Urinary track
The organs of the body that produce, store, and discharge urine. These organs
include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
 Flattened
to make level or smooth.
 Surfacecells
The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. Also called c
ytomembrane, plasmalemma, plasma membrane.
 Flakes
a small loose mass or bit. Sinonim : leaf
 Lumen
the cavity of a tubular organ or part