25/2/2011

WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY

TALK GIVEN TO “ NIGHTINGALES”

Prof.Hla Yee Yee

hlayeeyee@imu.edu.my

International Medical University

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PHYSIOLOGY & NURSING

Pulse & BP Respiration

Temperature
Hypertension
Raised in fever

Hypotension
Hyperventilation

Rise in temperature reflects
Shock
Acidosis
infection
Arrhythmias

Pattern of fever varies with
the causal organism

Small rise may just be
dehydration

Extremes of age cannot Intake-
regulate body temperature output
effectively.. heat stroke chart is of
crucial
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Partogram
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What is PHYSIOLOGY?

Physiology (Gr) – Study of Nature

Modern meaning- Study of the FUNCTIONING of
living things

Plant Physiology

Bacterial Physiology

Comparative Physiology

Human Physiology

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HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
 BASIC & APPLIED
BASIC HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY IS DIVIDED INTO:

Molecular Physiology
•Subcellular components
•May also be called “Cells & Molecules”
•Biochemistry

Cell Physiology
• Cellular mechanisms
• Cell signalling

Systems Physiology
e.g. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Reproductive,
Renal, haemopoietic system, endocrine system,
musculoskeletal system, nervous system, etc

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APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY IS DIVIDED INTO :

Sports Physiology

High Altitude Physiology

Clinical Physiology

Space Physiology

Environmental Physiology

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The CELL is the structural & functional unit of living
organisms and it functions best if its environment is
UNCHANGED !

CHANGE!!! YES!!! CHANGE? NO!!!!

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The French scientist Claude Bernard is considered the
Father of Modern Physiology . He observed that the
“Milieu interieur” (“environment within“) was
remarkably constant. Homeostatic mechanisms preserve
the constancy

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HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL MECHANISMS
 The NERVOUS SYSTEM
responds quickly & the
ENDOCRINE system
more slowly, but
sustained
Disease = dis-ease
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This is a
NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK

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Positive Feedback
mechanism Cervix dilation

Stretch receptors in the cervix

Hypothalamus

Posterior pituitary release oxytocin

Oxytocin acts on uterine muscle causing contraction

Muscle contraction forces baby through the cervix,

stretching it
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What we’ve just seen involves HOMEOSTASIS

achieved by the NERVOUS SYSTEM and
ENDOCRINE systems……..
 The Nervous System involved in the majority of homeostatic
responses is the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) (also
called “Involuntary/Automatic Nervous System”

 The Nervous System that controls the skeletal muscles is the

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (also called “Voluntary Nervous
System” because it has to with contraction of skeletal
muscles (which are voluntary ; except in the case of postural
reflexes)

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Domain of Somatic N.S Domain of ANS

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Higher Functions: learning,
memory, language, music,
religion

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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