INTRODUCTION

1. Look at the photographs. Discuss these questions.

a. What are the roles shown in each of the photographs?
b. Are the roles equal or is one of the pair superior to the other?
c. Do you think the roles shown in the pictures have changed in recent years?
d. How do you think these roles may change in the future?
2. Now discuss these questions.
a. Think about people you know well. What are their roles in relation to you? Are you an
equal partner in these relationships?
b. How many roles do you personally have?

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READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
1 Read this extract from an article about space travel. Then, discuss the questions
below.
Women will set sail for the stars in less than fifty years, NASA scientists have predicted.
Men will not be needed; the all­female crew will have children by artificial means. The
spaceships will carry the first travellers to Alpha Centauri at a tenth of the speed of light.
The journey will take forty­three years.
a. How do you react to the idea of a female spaceship crew?
b. What problems might a single­sex crew face on their journey? Why might a mixed­sex
crew be a better alternative?
Distant Space Travel Better As Family Affair
“Forget the kind of macho astronauts you are used to seeing in films - space travel to
faraway solar systems will probably be a family affair conducted by married couples,
their kids and generations to come”, according to US anthropologist, John Moore.
“The family has the kind of natural organisation to deal with the tensions likely
tocharacterise space trips of 200 years or longer to settle remote planets”, says Moore.
“'We are less likely to go crazy in space and more likely to accomplish our missions if we
send crews into space that are organised along family lines. With clear lines of authoriry
between parent and child as well as older and younger siblings, family provide a division
of labour that can accomplish any kind of work,” says Moore. More importantly, they
offer the rewards of getting married and having children.
''When ever colonisation is done on Earth, it is always by people looking for a
better life. All of the colonisations that i know about have been done by families,
especially young couples. 'In the past, astronauts had to be specially trained and physically
very fit to survive invery small space capsules, but spacecraft size is no longer a constraint,
making it possible to take ordinary people such as midwives, electricians and cleaners. For
a space crew that is going to colonise space and reproduce for many generations, these
kinds of people will be just as important as space technologists.
Starting with a population of childless married couples also works best on board a
spaceship because it will give the initial crew a few years to adjust to their new surrounds
without the distraction and respons ability of taking care of children.People may be
horrified at the idea that children will be living and dying in space, with their only images
of Earth coming from pictures and videos. But, says John Moore, parents have always
made choices affecting their children's lives. 'we change jobs, we move to another town,
we go abroad to find work. If we educate our space kids properly, I think one day they
might say, "Gosh, I'm sure glad I'm on this spaceship and not back on dirty old Earth.
According to Moore, a starting population of 150 to 180 would best sustain itself
at the same rate over six to eight generations. Every person would have the opportunity to
be married ­ with a choice of at least ten possible spouses within three years of their age ­
and to be a parent. Ideally, the group should share social and cultural values. 'Having some
people accustomed to monogamy and others to plural marriages would create some
confusion when it becomes time for the sons and daughters of the first generation to
marry,' says Moore. 'Designing morals for people on such a fantastic voyage is
problematic because people on Earth would have little influence once the crew is on its
own. if the space crew decides on a system of slavery for some and privileges for others,
there is little the planners on Earth will be able to do to prevent it.
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Thinking about these issues is not as far­fetched as you might think. Experts predict that
such a space mission will take place within the next hundred years
2 Read the article about space travel above. For questions choose the answer
(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
Question 1. What makes families especially suited to long­distance space travel?
A They are good at organizing
B They are naturally better than other groups of people.
C They will be able to cope with the stress of space travel.
D. They can settle down better in new situations.
Question 2. Why will more ordinary people be able to go on space flights in the future?
A Space travellers will be specially trained.
B There will be a greater need for people with useful skills.
C It will be easier for space travellers to keep fit.
D Modern spacecraft will be much bigger than spacecraft in the past.
Question 3. The writer's use of the word 'colonize' suggests that he thinks one of the
aims of future space travel will be to
A find new places where humans can settle.
B explore planets a very long way from Earth.
C abandon the Earth as a place for humans to live.
D establish a completely new way of living.
Question 4. Why is it better for the first crews of space flights to be childless couples?
A Childless couples are more responsible than couples with children.
B Childless couples work harder than couples with children .
C Crews need to get used to their environment before having children.
D Couples with children would always put their children first
Question 5. Why is it difficult to design morals for space travellers?
A People on Earth will be unable to affect the behaviour of space travellers.
B No one knows what is the correct way for space travellers to behave.
C Space travellers may have different ideas and values.
D Travellers may be confused by their experience in space.
Question 6. The article suggests that long­distance space travel
A is a theoretical possibility.
B will probably start within the next century.
C could be a disaster.
D will be a popular type of family holiday.
3. Collocations with have and take. Which verbs, have or take, are used in these
collocations from the text?
a. ______ children c. ________ the opportunity to
b. ______ care of children d. ________ place
4. Complete these questions with an appropriate form of have or take. Sometimes
both are possible. Then, ask and answer the questions with a partner.
a What do you do to make sure you __________ a good time at the weekend?
b Are there any college courses you'd like to _______?
c In your opinion, what is the best age to ________ your first child?
d Do you prefer to play it safe or ___________ chances in life?
e Are you someone who enjoys ____________ arguments?
f Have you ever had to _________ words with someone about their behaviour?
g Do you _____ time to do all the things you want to do?
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5. Discuss these questions.
What kinds of people would be most suitable for the role of colonizing space?
Suggest some of the personal qualities and skills they would need.
Would you be interested in helping to colonize space? Why? Why not?
VOCABULARY
1. Phrasal verbs with . Replace the words or phrases in in a-i with the
correct form of and one of the particles from the list below. Some of the
particles can be used more than once.
about back in out round up
a Raising children is far too hard a job for one person to do.
b It took doctors an hour to make her conscious again after the accident.
c Most of the damage to the houses was caused by the recent storms.
d I hope she doesn't the embarrassing subject of money again.
e The government has introduced a new law banning smoking on public transport.
f Visiting Spain again made me remember lots of happy childhood memories.
g They'll have to the price of cars. Nobody's buying them at the moment.
h They've the meeting 8.30 in the evening.
i My favourite crime writer, Henning Mankell, is publishing his latest novel next
month.
2. Complete these sentences with your own ideas adding appropriate particles.
a I find it very difficult to bring ________ the subject of _______ with my parents.
b If I had the power, I would bring _____ law that would
c ___________ always brings _______memories of___

Words with several meanings. Look at the words in in a-e. What are
their different meanings in each of the s

This phone doesn 't work.

She spends much of her time working for the poor.

The thing is to always put the interests of the children first.

Press the return key to enter the information.
There's a full key at the back of the book.

There are many places of interest in the city.

The interest rates for borrowers have gone up by 2% since last year.
As parents we always put the interests of the children first.

Going on the London Eye was an unforgettable experience.

They said that his lack of experience was the reason he did not get the job.
I've always tried to learn from experience .
e MAKE UP
1 My parents regularly have rows, but they always make up the next day.
2 He always makes up excuses for being late. The truth is he always oversleeps.
3 In many countries women make up the majority of the working population.

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