METODOLOGI PENELITIAN Yelita Anggiane Iskandar

RESEARCH DEFINITION
An organized, systematic, data-based, critical, objective, scientific inquiry or
investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers
or solutions to it [1].

Source: https://lp2m.uma.ac.id/difference-between-research-articles-and-non-research-articles/
2. Research Topic
IDENTIFY YOUR RESEARCH TOPIC
1. Theories in Your Discipline
The topic must fit within the theories, concepts, issues found in the field or discipline.

2. Three Rings
The diagram on the next page has three sections or rings:
(1) the core topic
(2) traditionally related topics
(3) historically unrelated topics
TOPIC SCENARIOS #1

• The scenario in the middle is the safest.

• Topics found in the middle circle are

those found in the core journals in the
field.

• The relevance of these topics has been

established by previous research and
articles in the field's journals.
TOPIC SCENARIOS #2
• The second circle from the middle is a
common scenario in business and
management and is relatively safe. In other
words, chances are others have made the
connection between these related fields and
disciplines. Thus, the connections are logical
and, in most cases, are already well
established in the literature.
• An example might be how organizations
consider changing public policy related to
environmental issues during the strategic
planning process. The focus is on
management decisions and strategy
development, both of which are core
business management topics.
TOPIC SCENARIOS #3
• Scenario #3 is less common but is potentially
viable if the topic is still focused on core
theories in the inner circle. In this scenario, the
study is making connections to traditionally
unrelated fields and concepts.
• An example might be a study focused on the
business opportunities related to alternative
energies or the business impact of
alternative fuels on their potential effect on
expenses and new or enhanced revenue
opportunities.
TOPIC SCENARIOS #4
• For a doctoral student/laboratory, it is
unlikely that a Scenario #4 topic will be
approved. Without a connection to the core
degree disciplines, it would be difficult for a
school to grant a degree based on a
research project that is entirely outside the
degree disciplines.
• An example might be the impact of public
policy related to carbon restrictions and
costs. While this impacts business, the topic is
centered on public policy and the impact of
public policy. The contribution of this study
would be to public policy theories and
concepts vs. business and management
theories.
TOPIC SCENARIOS #5
• This scenario is a "non-starter”. It is well
outside the core degree disciplines, and it is
unlikely there are faculty in the program
qualified to supervise a research study
focused on this topic. An example might be
an analysis of the technical applications of
alternative energies or energy storage
technologies.
IDENTIFIKASI TOPIK
1. Practice to theory
If we already
To dig deep into have the theories However, if the
the existing to solve the theories and
The symptoms or scholarly literature problem identified
existing
problem is To identify the (peer-reviewed in the real-world knowledge are not
identified in a theories that are journals) to situation, we don’t adequate to solve
determine what need additional
real-world involved we know and research. We the problem, it
situation may be a good
don’t know about need to apply candidate for a
these theories, what we already research project.
concepts, etc. know to the
situation.

2. Theory to practice
IDENTIFIKASI TOPIK
2. Theory to practice

Journal articles
often have
sections on Also, all research Once a gap in the
"recommended has limitations, theory has been
future research" and thus there are Occasionally, you identified, the next
and the many will get lucky, and question is what
"limitations" of the
To begin with, the research opportunities to there will be a could we do
peer-reviewed described in the conduct further journal article that better if we filled
journals in the research on a provides an that gap? Who
article. These topic focusing on would care? What
field recommendations overview of a
eliminating or particular topic's could the
are often a good mitigating some of current status. practitioners do
place to start the current with this new
identifying a
topic, as long as limitations. knowledge?
the article is
recent.
 Regardless of the path, a viable
research topic and problem statement
have two components - a real-world
application and a gap in theory.
PROBLEM
PROBLEM: WHAT CAN’T WE SOLVE?
o A research problem is one we can’t solve with our existing empirical knowledge and
theories.

o All the other components in the research framework are designed to produce a
contribution to knowledge that will help solve this problem. While there are some fields that
do “pure” research, there are plenty of real-world management and organization design
problems and opportunities for improvement to keep management researchers busy without
"dreaming up" new things to research.
PROBLEM: WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM?
Why would anyone be interested in supporting, participating in, or
using the results of, this study?

Responden
Regardless of whether you plan on having a sponsor, a practical
reason to conduct the study will help increase your motivation (and
tenacity), your participant’s motivation, thus increasing participation Perusahaan
and response rate, and the impact on the real world.
Pemerintah
KNOWLEDGE GAP

The organization may not know how to solve the problem, or may not be
familiar with the current literature, so the first step is to find out what we
know about this problem by conducting a literature review.
WHERE TO LOOK FOR GAPS?
The knowledge gap in the problem statement should be supported by the peer-
reviewed literature.
1. Look at the limitations sections of the most recent peer-reviewed papers related to
your topic. Many research studies are designed to reduce the limitations of previous
studies.
2. Look at the conclusions and recommendations for future research. Author(s) often
identify where they think researchers should go next.
3. Take the time to delve deeply into the research “streams” on your topic. There is no
easy path. You have to do the hard work of reviewing the literature.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
LATIHAN
1. Identify a “real world” problem related to your field (e.g., management). While
researchers in some fields study basic research without predetermined applications,
management researchers (in particular scholar-practitioners) develop and test theories that
can help inform or improve practice.
2. Describe the undesirable symptoms and dilemmas related to your research problem.
Include numbers and specific facts to help clarify the extent and magnitude of the
symptoms. Undesirable symptoms might be that current management methods are not
producing the level of performance (results) that we desire.
3. Identify the knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to help solve the problem. If
we already have the empirical knowledge and theories necessary to solve the problem,
there is no reason to conduct research. Instead, we can simply apply what we already
know to the new situation to solve the problem - a much cheaper solution.