Assignment

Applications of Differentiation

(Submission before December 19, 2021)

1. It is estimated that 𝑡 years from now, the circulation of

a local newspaper will be 𝐶(𝑡) = 100 𝑡 2 + 400𝑡 + 5, 000.
(a) Derive an expression for the rate at which the
circulation will be changing with respect to time 𝑡
years from now.
(b) At what rate, will the circulation be changing
with respect to time 5 years from now? Will the
circulation be increasing or decreasing at that time?
(c) By how much will the circulation actually change
during the 6𝑡ℎ year?
2. An efficiency study of the morning shift at a certain
factory indicates that an average worker who arrives on
the job at 8:00 A.M. will have assembled 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 +
15𝑥.
(a) Derive a formula for the rate at which the worker
will be assembling radios after 𝑥 hours.
(b) At what rate will the worker be assembling radios
at 9: 00 𝐴. 𝑀.?
(c) How many radios will the worker actually assemble
between 9: 00 and 10: 00 𝐴. 𝑀.?
3. Find the percentage rate of change in the function 𝑓(𝑡) =
3 𝑡 2 − 7𝑡 + 5 with respect to 𝑡 , when 𝑡 = 2.
4. Find the percentage rate of change in function 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥(𝑥 + 3)2 with respect to 𝑥, when 𝑥 = 3.
5. It is projected that 𝑥 months from now, the population of
3
a certain town will be 𝑃 ( 𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 + 5,000.
(a) At what rate will the population be changing with
respect to time 9 months from now?
 (b) At what percentage rate will the population be
changing with respect to time 9 months from now?
6. The gross annual earnings of a certain company were 𝐴 ( 𝑡 ) =
0.1 𝑡 2 + 10𝑡 + 20 thousand dollars 𝑡 years after its formation
in 1987.
(a) At what rate were the gross annual earnings of the
company growing with respect to time in 1991?
(b) At what percentage rate were the gross annual
earnings of the company growing with respect to time
in 1991? ) (a/. 10,800 people, b/.17.53 percent).
7. Records indicate that 𝑥 years after 1985, the average
property tax on a three-bedroom home in a certain community
was 𝑇(𝑥) = 20𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 600.
(a) At what rate was the property tax increasing with
respect to time in 1991?
(b) At what percentage rate was the property tax
increasing with respect to time in 1991?
8. It is estimated that t years from now, the population of a
certain town will be 𝑃(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 + 200𝑡 + 10, 000.
(a) Express the percentage rate of change of the
population as a function of 𝑡, simplify this function
algebraically, and draw its graph.
(b) What will happen to the percentage rate of change
20
of the population in 20 the long run? (a/.
𝑡+100
percent, b/. 0)
9. The gross national product (GNP) of a certain country is
growing at a constant rate. In 1986 the GNP was 125 billion
dollars, and in 1988 the GNP was 155 billion dollars. At
what percentage rate was the GNP growing in 1991?
10. A manufacturer’s total cost is 𝐶(𝑞) = 0.1𝑞 3 − 0.5𝑞2 + 500𝑞 +
200 dollars when the level of production is q units. The
current level of production is 4 units, and the
manufacturer is planning to increase this to 4.1 units.
Estimate how the total cost will change as a result.
11. An efficiency study of the morning shift at a certain
factory indicates that an average worker who arrives on
the job at 8: 00 A.M. will have assembled 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 +
15𝑥 radios 𝑥 hours later. Approximately how many radios with
the worker assemble between 9: 00 and 9: 15 A.M?
12. It is projected that 𝑡 years from now, the circulation
of a local newspaper will be 𝐶(𝑡) = 100𝑡 2 + 400𝑡 + 5,000.
Estimate the amount by which the circulation will increase
during the next 16 months. (Hint: the current value of the
variable is 𝑡 = 0 ).
13. (An environmental study of a certain community
suggests that t years from now, the average level of carbon
monoxide in the air will be 𝑄(𝑡) = 0.05 𝑡 2 + 0.1𝑡 + 3.4 parts per
million. By approximately how much will the carbon monoxide
level change during the coming 6 months?
14. At a certain factory, the daily output is 𝑄(𝑘) =
1/2
600𝑘 units, where 𝑘 denotes the capital investment
measured in units of $ 1,000. The current capital investment
is $900,000. Estimate the effect that an additional capital
investment of $800 will have on the daily output.
15. At a certain factory, the daily output is 𝑄(𝐿) =
60, 000𝐿1/3 units, where 𝐿 denotes the size of the labor force
measured in worker-hours. Currently 1000 worker-hours of
labor are use each day. Estimate the effect on output that
will be produced if the labor force is cut to 940 worker-
hours.
16. (Elasticity) Suppose that the demand equation for a
certain commodity is 𝑞 = 60 − 0.1 𝑝 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 600 ).
(a) Express the elasticity of demand as a function
of 𝑝.
(b) Calculate the elasticity of demand when the price
is 𝑝 = 200. Interpret the answer.
(c) At what price is the elasticity of demand equal
to −1?
17. (Marginal Analysis) Assume that total national
consumption is given by a function 𝐶(𝑥) where 𝑥 is the total
national income. The derivative 𝐶′(𝑥) is called the marginal
propensity to consume, and if 𝑆 = 𝑥 − 𝐶 represents total
national savings, then 𝑆′(𝑥) is called the marginal
propensity to save. Suppose the consumption function is
𝐶(𝑥) = 8 + 0.8 𝑥 + 0.8 √𝑥 . Find the marginal propensity to
consume and determine the value of 𝑥 that results in the
smallest total savings.
18. (Elasticity) Suppose that the demand equation for a
certain commodity is q = 500 − 2 p (for 0 ≤ p ≤ 250 ).
(a) Determine where the demand is elastic, inelastic,
and of unit elasticity with respect to price.
(b) Use the results from part a. to determine the
intervals of increase and decrease of the revenue
function and the price at which revenue is maximized.
(c) Find the total revenue function explicitly and use
its first derivative to determine its intervals of
increase and decrease and price at which revenue is
maximized.
19. (Elasticity) Suppose the demand q and price p for a
certain commodity are related by the equation 𝑝 = 60 −
2𝑞 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ( 0 ≤ 𝑞 ≤ 30 )
(a) Express the elasticity of demand as a function of
𝑞.
(b) Calculate the elasticity of demand when 𝑞 = 10 .
Interpret the answer.
(c) Substitute for 𝑞 in the formula in part a. to
express the elasticity of demand as a function of 𝑝.